<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Unicode and Encodings — Pygments</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <style type="text/css"> body { background-color: #f2f2f2; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #111; } #content { background-color: white; padding: 20px; margin: 20px auto 20px auto; max-width: 800px; border: 4px solid #ddd; } h1 { font-weight: normal; font-size: 40px; color: #09839A; } h2 { font-weight: normal; font-size: 30px; color: #C73F00; } h1.heading { margin: 0 0 30px 0; } h2.subheading { margin: -30px 0 0 45px; } h3 { margin-top: 30px; } table.docutils { border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px solid #aaa; margin: 0.5em 1.5em 0.5em 1.5em; } table.docutils td { padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #ddd; } p, li, dd, dt, blockquote { font-size: 15px; color: #333; } p { line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 10px; } hr { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; 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background-color: #e3d2d2 } /* Error */ .syntax .k { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */ .syntax .cm { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Multiline */ .syntax .cp { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold } /* Comment.Preproc */ .syntax .c1 { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Single */ .syntax .cs { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Comment.Special */ .syntax .gd { color: #000000; background-color: #ffdddd } /* Generic.Deleted */ .syntax .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */ .syntax .gr { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Error */ .syntax .gh { color: #303030 } /* Generic.Heading */ .syntax .gi { color: #000000; background-color: #ddffdd } /* Generic.Inserted */ .syntax .go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */ .syntax .gp { color: #555555 } /* Generic.Prompt */ .syntax .gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */ .syntax .gu { color: #606060 } /* Generic.Subheading */ .syntax .gt { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Traceback */ .syntax .kc { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */ .syntax .kd { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */ .syntax .kn { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */ .syntax .kp { color: #008800 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */ .syntax .kr { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */ .syntax .kt { color: #888888; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Type */ .syntax .m { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number */ .syntax .s { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String */ .syntax .na { color: #336699 } /* Name.Attribute */ .syntax .nb { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin */ .syntax .nc { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */ .syntax .no { color: #003366; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Constant */ .syntax .nd { color: #555555 } /* Name.Decorator */ .syntax .ne { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */ .syntax .nf { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function */ .syntax .nl { color: #336699; font-style: italic } /* Name.Label */ .syntax .nn { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */ .syntax .py { color: #336699; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Property */ .syntax .nt { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */ .syntax .nv { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable */ .syntax .ow { color: #008800 } /* Operator.Word */ .syntax .w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */ .syntax .mf { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Float */ .syntax .mh { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Hex */ .syntax .mi { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer */ .syntax .mo { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Oct */ .syntax .sb { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */ .syntax .sc { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Char */ .syntax .sd { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Doc */ .syntax .s2 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Double */ .syntax .se { color: #0044dd; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Escape */ .syntax .sh { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */ .syntax .si { color: #3333bb; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */ .syntax .sx { color: #22bb22; background-color: #f0fff0 } /* Literal.String.Other */ .syntax .sr { color: #008800; background-color: #fff0ff } /* Literal.String.Regex */ .syntax .s1 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Single */ .syntax .ss { color: #aa6600; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */ .syntax .bp { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */ .syntax .vc { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Class */ .syntax .vg { color: #dd7700 } /* Name.Variable.Global */ .syntax .vi { color: #3333bb } /* Name.Variable.Instance */ .syntax .il { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */ </style> </head> <body> <div id="content"> <h1 class="heading">Pygments</h1> <h2 class="subheading">Unicode and Encodings</h2> <a id="backlink" href="index.html">« Back To Index</a> <p>Since Pygments 0.6, all lexers use unicode strings internally. Because of that you might encounter the occasional <cite>UnicodeDecodeError</cite> if you pass strings with the wrong encoding.</p> <p>Per default all lexers have their input encoding set to <cite>latin1</cite>. If you pass a lexer a string object (not unicode), it tries to decode the data using this encoding. You can override the encoding using the <cite>encoding</cite> lexer option. If you have the <a class="reference external" href="http://chardet.feedparser.org/">chardet</a> library installed and set the encoding to <tt class="docutils literal">chardet</tt> if will ananlyse the text and use the encoding it thinks is the right one automatically:</p> <div class="syntax"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pygments.lexers</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">PythonLexer</span> <span class="n">lexer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PythonLexer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'chardet'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>The best way is to pass Pygments unicode objects. In that case you can't get unexpected output.</p> <p>The formatters now send Unicode objects to the stream if you don't set the output encoding. You can do so by passing the formatters an <cite>encoding</cite> option:</p> <div class="syntax"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pygments.formatters</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">HtmlFormatter</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">HtmlFormatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p><strong>You will have to set this option if you have non-ASCII characters in the source and the output stream does not accept Unicode written to it!</strong> This is the case for all regular files and for terminals.</p> <p>Note: The Terminal formatter tries to be smart: if its output stream has an <cite>encoding</cite> attribute, and you haven't set the option, it will encode any Unicode string with this encoding before writing it. This is the case for <cite>sys.stdout</cite>, for example. The other formatters don't have that behavior.</p> <p>Another note: If you call Pygments via the command line (<cite>pygmentize</cite>), encoding is handled differently, see <a class="reference external" href="./cmdline.html">the command line docs</a>.</p> <p><em>New in Pygments 0.7</em>: the formatters now also accept an <cite>outencoding</cite> option which will override the <cite>encoding</cite> option if given. This makes it possible to use a single options dict with lexers and formatters, and still have different input and output encodings.</p> </div> </body> <!-- generated on: 2010-03-01 21:18:22.880164 file id: unicode --> </html>