<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Defining multiple namespaces in the same file</title> </head> <body><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="language.namespaces.nested.html">Declaring sub-namespaces</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="language.namespaces.basics.html">Using namespaces: Basics</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="language.namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> </div><hr /><div id="language.namespaces.definitionmultiple" class="sect1"> <h2 class="title">Defining multiple namespaces in the same file</h2> <p class="verinfo">(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0)</p> <p class="para"> Multiple namespaces may also be declared in the same file. There are two allowed syntaxes. </p> <p class="para"> <div class="example" id="example-237"> <p><strong>Example #1 Declaring multiple namespaces, simple combination syntax</strong></p> <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br /><br />namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">AnotherProject</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></div> </div> </div> </p> <p class="para"> This syntax is not recommended for combining namespaces into a single file. Instead it is recommended to use the alternate bracketed syntax. </p> <p class="para"> <div class="example" id="example-238"> <p><strong>Example #2 Declaring multiple namespaces, bracketed syntax</strong></p> <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /><br />namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">AnotherProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></div> </div> </div> </p> <p class="para"> It is strongly discouraged as a coding practice to combine multiple namespaces into the same file. The primary use case is to combine multiple PHP scripts into the same file. </p> <p class="para"> To combine global non-namespaced code with namespaced code, only bracketed syntax is supported. Global code should be encased in a namespace statement with no namespace name as in: <div class="example" id="example-239"> <p><strong>Example #3 Declaring multiple namespaces and unnamespaced code</strong></p> <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /><br />namespace { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// global code<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">session_start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></div> </div> </div> </p> <p class="para"> No PHP code may exist outside of the namespace brackets except for an opening declare statement. <div class="example" id="example-240"> <p><strong>Example #4 Declaring multiple namespaces and unnamespaced code</strong></p> <div class="example-contents"> <div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">declare(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">encoding</span><span style="color: #007700">=</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'UTF-8'</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />namespace </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject </span><span style="color: #007700">{<br /><br />const </span><span style="color: #0000BB">CONNECT_OK </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />class </span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection </span><span style="color: #007700">{ </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />function </span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">() { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* ... */ </span><span style="color: #007700">}<br />}<br /><br />namespace { </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// global code<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">session_start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">connect</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">MyProject</span><span style="color: #007700">\</span><span style="color: #0000BB">Connection</span><span style="color: #007700">::</span><span style="color: #0000BB">start</span><span style="color: #007700">();<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></div> </div> </div> </p> </div><hr /><div class="manualnavbar" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="prev" style="text-align: left; float: left;"><a href="language.namespaces.nested.html">Declaring sub-namespaces</a></div> <div class="next" style="text-align: right; float: right;"><a href="language.namespaces.basics.html">Using namespaces: Basics</a></div> <div class="up"><a href="language.namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></div> <div class="home"><a href="index.html">PHP Manual</a></div> </div></body></html>