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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">exp</span>
</h2>
<p>exp —
Returns e raised to the x-th power.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472939086936"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Returns e raised to the <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>th power.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472939085240"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>exp</strong></span>(x) (no rate
restriction)</pre>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>exp</strong></span>(k/i[]) (k- or i-arrays)</pre>
<p>
where the argument within the parentheses may be an expression. Value converters perform arithmetic translation from units of one kind to units of another. The result can then be a term in a further expression.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472939020568"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the exp opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/exp.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">exp.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472939018920"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 252. Example of the exp opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472771155304"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o exp.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span>
gi<span class="n">sine</span> <span class="nb">ftgen</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;table for a sine wave</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="c1">;master instrument</span>
k<span class="n">oct</span> <span class="nb">linseg</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="c1">; octave register straight rising from 6 to 12</span>
k<span class="n">exp</span> <span class="nb">linseg</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">;exponent goes from 0 to 5 and back</span>
k<span class="n">dens</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">exp</span><span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">;density is e to the power of kexp</span>
<span class="nb">printks</span> <span class="s">"Generated events per second: </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">dens</span>
k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="nb">metro</span> k<span class="n">dens</span> <span class="c1">;trigger single notes in kdens frequency</span>
<span class="k">if</span> k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="c1">;call instr 10 for 1/kdens duration, .5 amplitude and koct register</span>
<span class="nb">event</span> <span class="s">"i"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span>k<span class="n">dens</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">oct</span>
<span class="k">endif</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">10</span> <span class="c1">;performs one tone</span>
i<span class="n">oct</span> <span class="nb">rnd31</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">;random deviation maximum one octave plus/minus</span>
a<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">transeg</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">;fast decaying envelope for p4 amplitude</span>
a<span class="n">sin</span> <span class="nb">poscil</span> a<span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">cpsoct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p5</span><span class="o">+</span>i<span class="n">oct</span><span class="p">),</span> gi<span class="n">sine</span> <span class="c1">;sine for p5 octave register plus random deviation</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sin</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sin</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">30</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like this:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
Generated events per second: 1
rtevent: T 0.000 TT 0.000 M: 0.00000 0.00000
new alloc for instr 10:
rtevent: T 0.811 TT 0.811 M: 0.48906 0.48906
new alloc for instr 10:
Generated events per second: 2
rtevent: T 1.387 TT 1.387 M: 0.48611 0.48611
rtevent: T 1.833 TT 1.833 M: 0.48421 0.48421
Generated events per second: 3
rtevent: T 2.198 TT 2.198 M: 0.47536 0.47536
rtevent: T 2.506 TT 2.506 M: 0.46530 0.46530
rtevent: T 2.773 TT 2.773 M: 0.44986 0.44986
Generated events per second: 4
rtevent: T 3.009 TT 3.009 M: 0.48096 0.48096
.........</pre>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472939013896"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="abs.html" title="abs"><em class="citetitle">abs</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="frac.html" title="frac"><em class="citetitle">frac</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="int.html" title="int"><em class="citetitle">int</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="log.html" title="log"><em class="citetitle">log</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="log10.html" title="log10"><em class="citetitle">log10</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opi.html" title="i"><em class="citetitle">i</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="sqrt.html" title="sqrt"><em class="citetitle">sqrt</em></a>
</p>
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<a id="idm281472939007480"></a>
<p>New in version 4.21</p>
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