<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>linenr</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" />
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" />
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" />
<link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" />
<link rel="prev" href="linen.html" title="linen" />
<link rel="next" href="lineto.html" title="lineto" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="navheader">
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="center">linenr</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="linen.html">Prev</a> </td>
<th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th>
<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="lineto.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="refentry">
<a id="linenr"></a>
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<a id="IndexLinenr" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">linenr</span>
</h2>
<p>linenr —
The <span class="emphasis"><em>linen</em></span> opcode extended with a final release segment.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472920777576"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>linenr</em></span> -- same as <a class="link" href="linen.html" title="linen"><em class="citetitle">linen</em></a> except that the final segment is entered only on sensing a MIDI note release. The note is then extended by the decay time.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472920775000"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>linenr</strong></span> xamp, irise, idec, iatdec</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>linenr</strong></span> kamp, irise, idec, iatdec</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472920771352"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irise</em></span> -- rise time in seconds. A zero or negative value signifies no rise modification.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> -- decay time in seconds. Zero means no decay. An <span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> > <span class="emphasis"><em>idur</em></span> will cause a truncated decay.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iatdec</em></span> -- attenuation factor by which the closing steady state value is reduced exponentially over the decay period. This value must be positive and is normally of the order of .01. A large or excessively small value is apt to produce a cutoff which is audible. A zero or negative value is illegal.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472920766856"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp, xamp</em></span> -- input amplitude signal.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>linenr</em></span> is unique within Csound in containing a <span class="emphasis"><em>note-off sensor</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>release time extender</em></span>. When it senses either a score event termination or a MIDI noteoff, it will immediately extend the performance time of the current instrument by <span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> seconds, then execute an exponential decay towards the factor <span class="emphasis"><em>iatdec</em></span>. For two or more units in an instrument, extension is by the greatest <span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
You can use other pre-made envelopes which start a release segment upon receiving a note off message, like <a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a> and <a class="link" href="expsegr.html" title="expsegr"><em class="citetitle">expsegr</em></a>, or you can construct more complex envelopes using <a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a> and <a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a>. Note that you don't need to use <a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a> if you are using <span class="emphasis"><em>linenr</em></span>, since the time is extended automatically.
</p>
<p>
These <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">r</span>”</span> units can also be modified by MIDI noteoff velocities (see veloffs).
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472920755224"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the linenr opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/linenr.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">linenr.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472920753368"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 459. Example of the linenr opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472748012200"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="c1">; Audio out Audio in</span>
-odac -iadc -M0 <span class="c1">;;;RT audio I/O with MIDI in</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="c1">; Example by Jonathan Murphy and Charles Gran 2007</span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1">; new, and important. Make sure that midi note events are only</span>
<span class="c1">; received by instruments that actually need them.</span>
<span class="c1">; turn default midi routing off</span>
<span class="nb">massign</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="c1">; route note events on channel 1 to instr 1</span>
<span class="nb">massign</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1">; Define your midi controllers</span>
<span class="cp">#define</span> <span class="cp">C1</span> <span class="p">#</span><span class="cp">21</span><span class="p">#</span>
<span class="cp">#define</span> <span class="cp">C2</span> <span class="p">#</span><span class="cp">22</span><span class="p">#</span>
<span class="cp">#define</span> <span class="cp">C3</span> <span class="p">#</span><span class="cp">23</span><span class="p">#</span>
<span class="c1">; Initialize MIDI controllers</span>
<span class="nb">initc7</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="c1">;delay send</span>
<span class="nb">initc7</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="c1">;delay: time to zero</span>
<span class="nb">initc7</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="c1">;delay: rate </span>
ga<span class="n">osc</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="c1">; Define an opcode to "smooth" the MIDI controller signal</span>
<span class="kd">opcode</span> <span class="nf">smooth</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">k</span>
k<span class="n">in</span> <span class="nb">xin</span>
k<span class="n">port</span> <span class="nb">linseg</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0001</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span>
k<span class="n">in</span> <span class="nb">portk</span> k<span class="n">in</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">port</span>
<span class="nb">xout</span> k<span class="n">in</span>
<span class="kd">endop</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
<span class="c1">; Generate a sine wave at the frequency of the MIDI note that triggered the intrument</span>
i<span class="n">fqc</span> <span class="nb">cpsmidi</span>
i<span class="n">amp</span> <span class="nb">ampmidi</span> <span class="mi">10000</span>
a<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">linenr</span> i<span class="n">amp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">.01</span> <span class="c1">;envelope</span>
a<span class="n">1</span> <span class="nb">oscil</span> a<span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">fqc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1">; All sound goes to the global variable gaosc</span>
ga<span class="n">osc</span> <span class="o">=</span> ga<span class="n">osc</span> <span class="o">+</span> a<span class="n">1</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">198</span> <span class="c1">; ECHO</span>
k<span class="n">cmbsnd</span> <span class="nb">ctrl7</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;delay send</span>
k<span class="n">time</span> <span class="nb">ctrl7</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="c1">;time loop fades out</span>
k<span class="n">loop</span> <span class="nb">ctrl7</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;loop speed</span>
<span class="c1">; Receive MIDI controller values and then smooth them</span>
k<span class="n">cmbsnd</span> <span class="nf">smooth</span> k<span class="n">cmbsnd</span>
k<span class="n">time</span> <span class="nf">smooth</span> k<span class="n">time</span>
k<span class="n">loop</span> <span class="nf">smooth</span> k<span class="n">loop</span>
i<span class="n">maxlpt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;max loop time</span>
<span class="c1">; Create a variable reverberation (delay) of the gaosc signal</span>
a<span class="n">comb</span> <span class="nb">vcomb</span> ga<span class="n">osc</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">time</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">loop</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">maxlpt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>a<span class="n">comb</span> <span class="o">*</span> k<span class="n">cmbsnd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> ga<span class="n">osc</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> k<span class="n">cmbsnd</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span>
ga<span class="n">osc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">16384</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">198</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">10000</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472920749080"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="expsegr.html" title="expsegr"><em class="citetitle">expsegr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="envlpxr.html" title="envlpxr"><em class="citetitle">envlpxr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="mxadsr.html" title="mxadsr"><em class="citetitle">mxadsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="madsr.html" title="madsr"><em class="citetitle">madsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="envlpx.html" title="envlpx"><em class="citetitle">envlpx</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="linen.html" title="linen"><em class="citetitle">linen</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr />
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="linen.html">Prev</a> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="lineto.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">linen </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> lineto</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
distrib
>
Mageia
>
7
>
armv7hl
>
media
>
core-release
>
by-pkgid
>
5fcfcb7517038d1f44ab4e478e6e61fa
>
files
>
2350
