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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">looptseg</span>
</h2>
<p>looptseg —
Generate control signal consisting of exponential or linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918810168"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Generate control signal consisting of controllable exponential segments or linear segments delimited by two or more specified points. The entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Each parameter can be varied at k-rate.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918745384"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ksig <span class="command"><strong>looptseg</strong></span> kfreq, ktrig, iphase, kvalue0, ktype0, ktime0, [, kvalue1] [,ktype1] [, ktime1] \
[, kvalue2] [,ktype2] [, ktime2] [...] [, kvalueN] [,ktypeN] [, ktimeN]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918742936"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iphase</em></span> -- A value between 0 and 1 to say
where to start the loop. Zero, the commonest value, indicates
the beginning.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918741080"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ksig</em></span> -- Output signal.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> -- Repeat rate in Hz or fraction of Hz.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> -- If non-zero, retriggers the envelope from start (see <a class="link" href="trigger.html" title="trigger"><em class="citetitle">trigger opcode</em></a>), before the envelope cycle is completed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kvalue0...kvalueN</em></span> -- Values of points
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0...ktimeN</em></span> -- Times between points; expressed in fractions of a cycle (see below). The final time designates a ramp between the final value and the first value.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktype0...ktypeN</em></span> -- shape of the envelope. If the value is 0 then the shap eis linear; otherwise it is an concave exponential (positive type) or a convex exponential (negative type).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>looptseg</em></span> opcode is similar to <a class="link" href="transeg.html" title="transeg"><em class="citetitle">transeg</em></a>, but the entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Notice that times are not expressed in seconds but in fraction of a cycle. Actually each duration represent is proportional to the other, and the entire cycle duration is proportional to the sum of all duration values.
</p>
<p>
The sum of all duration is then rescaled according to <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> argument. For example, considering an envelope made up of 3 segments, each segment having 100 as duration value, their sum will be 300. This value represents the total duration of the envelope, and is actually divided into 3 equal parts, a part for each segment.
</p>
<p>
Actually, the real envelope duration in seconds is determined by <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span>. Again, if the envelope is made up of 3 segments, but this time the first and last segments have a duration of 50, whereas the central segment has a duration of 100 again, their sum will be 200. This time 200 represent the total duration of the 3 segments, so the central segment will be twice as long as the other segments.
</p>
<p>
All parameters can be varied at k-rate. Negative frequency values are allowed, reading the envelope backward. <span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0</em></span> should always be set to 0, except if the user wants some special effect.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918726456"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the looptseg opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/looptseg.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">looptseg.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472918724600"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 485. Example of the looptseg opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472745476712"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o looptseg.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
k<span class="n">freq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; frequency of loop repetition</span>
k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">; loop restart trigger (not used)</span>
i<span class="n">phase</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">; initial phase</span>
k<span class="n">typ</span> <span class="nb">line</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="c1">; explore the useful range of curve types</span>
<span class="c1">; loop of filter cutoff values (oct format)</span>
<span class="c1">; value curve dur.</span>
k<span class="n">cfoct</span> <span class="nb">looptseg</span> k<span class="n">freq</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">trig</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">phase</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">typ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="mi">4</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">vco2</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">cpsmidinn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">48</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">; a sawtooth</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">moogladder</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">cpsoct</span><span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">cfoct</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="nb">rnd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">; filter sawtooth</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918720344"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="lpshold.html" title="lpshold"><em class="citetitle">lpshold</em></a>
<a class="link" href="loopseg.html" title="loopseg"><em class="citetitle">loopseg</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918717304"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: John ffitch</p>
<p>New in Version 5.12</p>
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