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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">loopxseg</span>
</h2>
<p>loopxseg —
Generate control signal consisting of exponential segments delimited by two or more specified points.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918747960"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Generate control signal consisting of exponential segments delimited by two or more specified points. The entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Each parameter can be varied at k-rate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918673224"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ksig <span class="command"><strong>loopxseg</strong></span> kfreq, ktrig, iphase, ktime0, kvalue0 [, ktime1] [, kvalue1] \
[, ktime2] [, kvalue2] [...]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918670968"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ksig</em></span> -- Output signal.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> -- Repeat rate in Hz or fraction of Hz.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> -- If non-zero, retriggers the envelope from start (see <a class="link" href="trigger.html" title="trigger"><em class="citetitle">trigger opcode</em></a>), before the envelope cycle is completed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iphase</em></span> -- A value between 0 and 1 to say
where to start the loop. Zero, the commonest value, indicates
the beginning.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0...ktimeN</em></span> -- Times of points; expressed in fraction of a cycle.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kvalue0...kvalueN</em></span> -- Values of points
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>loopxseg</em></span> opcode is similar to <a class="link" href="expseg.html" title="expseg"><em class="citetitle">expseg</em></a>, but the entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Notice that times are not expressed in seconds but in fraction of a cycle. Actually each duration represent is proportional to the other, and the entire cycle duration is proportional to the sum of all duration values.
</p>
<p>
The sum of all duration is then rescaled according to <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> argument. For example, considering an envelope made up of 3 segments, each segment having 100 as duration value, their sum will be 300. This value represents the total duration of the envelope, and is actually divided into 3 equal parts, a part for each segment.
</p>
<p>
Actually, the real envelope duration in seconds is determined by <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span>. Again, if the envelope is made up of 3 segments, but this time the first and last segments have a duration of 50, whereas the central segment has a duration of 100 again, their sum will be 200. This time 200 represent the total duration of the 3 segments, so the central segment will be twice as long as the other segments.
</p>
<p>
All parameters can be varied at k-rate. Negative frequency values are allowed, reading the envelope backward. <span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0</em></span> should always be set to 0, except if the user wants some special effect.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918658184"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the loopxseg opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/loopxseg.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">loopxseg.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472918656328"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 486. Example of the loopxseg opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472745179816"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o loopxseg.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
k<span class="n">freq</span> <span class="nb">rspline</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; freq. of loop repetition created by random spline</span>
k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">; loop restart trigger (not used)</span>
i<span class="n">phase</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">; initial phase</span>
<span class="c1">; loop of filter cutoff values (oct format). Rescaled further down.</span>
k<span class="n">cfoct</span> <span class="nb">loopxseg</span> k<span class="n">freq</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">trig</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">phase</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span>
k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">linseg</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">5.01</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">vco2</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="o">*</span>k<span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">cpsmidinn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">48</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="mi">0</span>
k<span class="n">dep</span> <span class="nb">rspline</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; filter depth created by a random spline</span>
k<span class="n">cf</span> <span class="nb">port</span> <span class="nb">cpsoct</span><span class="p">((</span>k<span class="n">cfoct</span><span class="o">*</span>k<span class="n">dep</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mf">0.001</span> <span class="c1">; smooth filter changes</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">moogladder</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span>k<span class="n">cf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">rnd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
a<span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">R</span> <span class="nb">pan2</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">rnd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">L</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">R</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">60</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918652040"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="lpshold.html" title="lpshold"><em class="citetitle">lpshold</em></a>
<a class="link" href="loopseg.html" title="loopseg"><em class="citetitle">loopseg</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472918649064"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: John ffitch</p>
<p>New in Version 5.12</p>
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