<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>lowresx</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="lowres.html" title="lowres" /> <link rel="next" href="lpf18.html" title="lpf18" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">lowresx</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="lowres.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="lpf18.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a id="lowresx"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexLowresx" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">lowresx</span> </h2> <p>lowresx — Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472918033160"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>lowresx</em></span> is equivalent to more layers of <a class="link" href="lowres.html" title="lowres"><em class="citetitle">lowres</em></a> with the same arguments serially connected. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472918028200"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>lowresx</strong></span> asig, xcutoff, xresonance [, inumlayer] [, iskip]</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472918025928"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>inumlayer</em></span> -- number of elements in a <span class="emphasis"><em>lowresx</em></span> stack. Default value is 4. There is no maximum. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>iskip</em></span> -- initial disposition of internal data space. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472917951448"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- input signal </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>xcutoff</em></span> -- filter cutoff frequency point </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>xresonance</em></span> -- resonance amount </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>lowresx</em></span> is equivalent to more layer of <a class="link" href="lowres.html" title="lowres"><em class="citetitle">lowres</em></a> with the same arguments serially connected. Using a stack of a larger number of filters allows a sharper cutoff. This is faster than using a larger number of instances of <span class="emphasis"><em>lowres</em></span> in a Csound orchestra because only one initialization and k cycle are needed at time and the audio loop falls entirely inside the cache memory of processor. Based on an orchestra by Hans Mikelson </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472917944552"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the lowresx opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/lowresx.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">lowresx.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idm281472917942776"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 496. Example of the lowresx opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472743929944"></a> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="nt"><CsOptions></span> <span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span> <span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="c1">; -o lowresx.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="nt"></CsOptions></span> <span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span> <span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> k<span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> i<span class="n">numlayer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span> k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">linseg</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">;envelope</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">vco</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="o">*</span> k<span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">220</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;sawtooth</span> k<span class="n">cut</span> <span class="nb">line</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="c1">;note: kcut is not in Hz</span> a<span class="n">lx</span> <span class="nb">lowresx</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">cut</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">numlayer</span> <span class="c1">;note: kres is not in dB</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">balance</span> a<span class="n">lx</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="c1">;avoid very loud sounds</span> <span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="nt"><CsScore></span> <span class="c1">;sine wave</span> <span class="nb">f</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">16384</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="nb">e</span> <span class="nt"></CsScore></span> <span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472917938584"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="lowres.html" title="lowres"><em class="citetitle">lowres</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472917936472"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p> </p> <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"> <tr> <td>Author: Gabriel Maldonado (adapted by John ffitch)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p>New in Csound version 3.49</p> <p>Audio rate parameters introduced in version 6.02</p> <p>November 2013.</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="lowres.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="lpf18.html">Next</a></td> 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