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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">&</span>
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<p>& —
Bitwise AND operator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952390312"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
The bitwise operators perform operations of bitwise AND, bitwise
OR, bitwise NOT and bitwise non-equivalence.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952337352"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">a <span class="command"><strong>&</strong></span> b (bitwise AND)</pre>
<p>
where the arguments <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> may be further expressions. They are
converted to the nearest integer to machine precision and then the
operation is performed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952333816"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
The priority of these operators is less binding that the
arithmetic ones, but more binding that the comparisons.
</p>
<p>
Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952332104"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the bitwise AND and OR operators. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/bitwise.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">bitwise.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472952330232"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 39. Example of the bitwise operators.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472788111128"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
i<span class="n">resultOr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nb">p5</span>
i<span class="n">resultAnd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="nb">p5</span>
<span class="nb">prints</span> <span class="s">"</span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="s"> | </span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="s"> = </span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">n"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p5</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">resultOr</span>
<span class="nb">prints</span> <span class="s">"</span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="s"> & </span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="s"> = </span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">n"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p5</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">resultAnd</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span> <span class="c1">; decimal to binary converter</span>
S<span class="n">binary</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">""</span>
i<span class="n">numbits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
i<span class="n">count</span> <span class="nb">init</span> i<span class="n">numbits</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nl">pass</span><span class="p">:</span>
i<span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">^</span> i<span class="n">count</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="o">&</span> i<span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">>=</span> i<span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">then</span>
S<span class="n">digit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"1"</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
S<span class="n">digit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"0"</span>
<span class="k">endif</span>
S<span class="n">binary</span> <span class="nb">strcat</span> S<span class="n">binary</span><span class="p">,</span> S<span class="n">digit</span>
<span class="k">loop_ge</span> i<span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nl">pass</span>
S<span class="n">text</span> <span class="nb">sprintf</span> <span class="s">"</span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="s"> is %s in binary</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">n"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">,</span> S<span class="n">binary</span>
<span class="nb">prints</span> S<span class="n">text</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">9</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">15</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">49</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952325944"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="opbitor.html" title="|"><em class="citetitle">|</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opnonequiv.html" title="#"><em class="citetitle">#</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opbitnot.html" title="¬"><em class="citetitle">¬</em></a>
</p>
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