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<a id="opnot"></a>
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<a id="IndexLogNot" class="indexterm"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">!</span>
</h2>
<p>! —
Logical NOT operator.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952707528"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Arithmetic operators perform operations of change-sign (negate), don't-change-sign, logical AND logical OR, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Note that a value or an expression may fall between two of these operators, either of which could take it as its left or right argument, as in
</p>
<div class="literallayout">
<p>a + b * c.</p>
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<p>
</p>
<p>
In such cases three rules apply:
</p>
<p>
1. * and <span class="emphasis"><em>/</em></span> bind to their neighbors more strongly than + and −. Thus the above expression is taken as
</p>
<div class="literallayout">
<p>a + (b * c)</p>
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<p>
with * taking b and c and then + taking a and b * c.
</p>
<p>
2. <span class="emphasis"><em>+</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>−</em></span> bind more strongly than &&, which in turn is stronger than ||:
</p>
<div class="literallayout">
<p>a && b - c || d</p>
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<p>
is taken as
</p>
<div class="literallayout">
<p>(a && (b - c)) || d</p>
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<p>
</p>
<p>
3. When both operators bind equally strongly, the operations are done left to right:
</p>
<div class="literallayout">
<p>a - b - c</p>
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<p>
is taken as
</p>
<div class="literallayout">
<p>(a - b) - c</p>
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<p>
</p>
<p>
Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952625912"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>!</strong></span> a (logical NOT; not audio-rate)</pre>
<p>
where the argument <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> may be further expressions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952623016"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the Logical NOT operator. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/opnot.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">opnot.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472952621144"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 36. Example of the opnot opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472788293336"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o opand.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="nb">randomh</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="c1">;choose between 0 and 1.2</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">></span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">&&</span> k<span class="n">val</span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">then</span> <span class="c1">;3 possible outcomes</span>
k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">></span><span class="mf">.5</span> <span class="o">&&</span> k<span class="n">val</span><span class="o"><=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">then</span>
k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">></span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">then</span>
k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">endif</span>
<span class="nb">printk2</span> k<span class="n">val</span> <span class="c1">;print value when it changes</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">poscil</span> <span class="mf">.7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="o">*</span>k<span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">16384</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like these:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i1 1.00000
i1 2.00000
i1 1.00000
i1 2.00000
i1 1.00000
i1 2.00000
i1 1.00000
.....
</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952616152"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="subtracts.html" title="-"><em class="citetitle">-</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="adds.html" title="+"><em class="citetitle">+</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opor.html" title="||"><em class="citetitle">||</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opand.html" title="&&"><em class="citetitle">&&</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="multiplies.html" title="*"><em class="citetitle">*</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="divides.html" title="/"><em class="citetitle">/</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="raises.html" title="ˆ"><em class="citetitle">ˆ</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="modulus.html" title="%"><em class="citetitle">%</em></a>
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