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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">pow</span>
</h2>
<p>pow —
Computes one argument to the power of another argument.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902491208"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Computes <span class="emphasis"><em>xarg</em></span> to the power of <span class="emphasis"><em>kpow</em></span> (or <span class="emphasis"><em>ipow</em></span>) and scales the result by <span class="emphasis"><em>inorm</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902445576"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> aarg, kpow [, inorm]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">ires <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> iarg, ipow [, inorm]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> karg, kpow [,
inorm]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">ires[] <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> iarg[], ipow[] </pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres[] <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> karg[], kpow[]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">ires[] <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> iarg[], ipow </pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres[] <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> karg[], kpow </pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902434856"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>inorm</em></span> (optional, default=1) -- The number to divide the result (default to 1). This is especially useful if you are doing powers of a- or k- signals where samples out of range are extremely common!
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902432808"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>aarg</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>iarg</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>karg</em></span> -- the base.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ipow</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>kpow</em></span> -- the exponent.
</p>
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<th align="left">Note</th>
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<p>
Use <span class="emphasis"><em>ˆ</em></span> with caution in arithmetical statements, as the precedence may not be correct. New in Csound version 3.493.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902427496"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the pow opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/pow.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">pow.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472902425720"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 711. Example of the pow opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472723186168"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">;-o pow.wav ; output to audio file</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="c1">; Lo-Fi sound</span>
k<span class="n">pow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="c1">;exponent</span>
k<span class="n">base</span> <span class="nb">line</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.4</span> <span class="c1">;vary the base</span>
k<span class="n">Quantize</span> <span class="nb">pow</span> k<span class="n">base</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">pow</span>
k<span class="n">Quantize</span> <span class="o">=</span> k<span class="n">Quantize</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="c1">;half the number of steps for each side of a bipolar signal</span>
<span class="nb">printk2</span> k<span class="n">Quantize</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">diskin2</span> <span class="s">"fox.wav"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;loop the fox</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">round</span><span class="p">(</span>a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="o">*</span> k<span class="n">Quantize</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> k<span class="n">Quantize</span> <span class="c1">;quantize and scale audio signal</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">19.2</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like these:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i1 0.50000
i1 0.50007
i1 0.50014
.......
i1 14.45986
i1 14.46130
</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902420600"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
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<tr>
<td>Author: Paris Smaragdis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MIT, Cambridge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1995</td>
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