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<div class="refentry">
<a id="prepiano"></a>
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<a id="IndexPrepiano" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">prepiano</span>
</h2>
<p>prepiano —
Creates a tone similar to a piano string prepared in a Cageian fashion.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902249384"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Audio output is a tone similar to a piano string, prepared with
a number of rubbers and rattles. The method uses a
physical model developed from solving the partial differential
equation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902245736"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>prepiano</strong></span> ifreq, iNS, iD, iK, \
iT30,iB, kbcl, kbcr, imass, ihvfreq, iinit, ipos, ivel, isfreq, \
isspread[, irattles, irubbers]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">al,ar <span class="command"><strong>prepiano</strong></span> ifreq, iNS, iD, iK, \
iT30,iB, kbcl, kbcr, imass, ihvfreq, iinit, ipos, ivel, isfreq, \
isspread[, irattles, irubbers]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902242008"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ifreq</em></span> -- The base frequency of the string.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iNS</em></span> -- the number of strings involved. In a
real piano 1, 2 or 3 strings are found in different frequency regions.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iD</em></span> -- the amount each string other that the
first is detuned from the main frequency, measured in cents.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iK</em></span> -- dimensionless stiffness parameter.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iT30</em></span> -- 30 db decay time in seconds.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ib</em></span> -- high-frequency loss parameter (keep this small).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>imass</em></span> -- the mass of the piano hammer.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ihvfreq</em></span> -- the frequency of the natural
vibrations of the hammer.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iinit</em></span> -- the initial position of the hammer.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ipos</em></span> -- position along the string that the strike occurs.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ivel</em></span> -- normalized strike velocity.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>isfreq</em></span> -- scanning frequency of the reading place.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>isspread</em></span> -- scanning frequency spread.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irattles</em></span> -- table number giving locations of
any rattle(s).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irubbers</em></span> -- table number giving locations of
any rubbers(s).
</p>
<p>
The rattles and rubbers tables are collections of four values,
preceeded by a count.
In the case of a rattle the four are position, mass density
ratio of rattle/string,
frequency of rattle and vertical length of the rattle. For the
rubber the fours are position, mass density ratio of
rubber/string, frequency of rubber and the loss parameter.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902168584"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
A note is played on a piano string, with the arguments as below.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kbcL</em></span> -- Boundary condition at left end of
string (1 is clamped, 2 pivoting and 3 free).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kbcR</em></span> -- Boundary condition at right end of
string (1 is clamped, 2 pivoting and 3 free).
</p>
<p>
Note that changing the boundary conditions during playing may
lead to glitches and is made available as an experiment.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902164952"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the prepiano opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/prepiano.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">prepiano.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472902163096"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 715. Example of the prepiano opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472722893000"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if real audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o prepiano.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
<span class="c1">;; fund NS detune stiffness decay loss (bndry) (hammer) scan prep</span>
a<span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">b</span> <span class="nb">prepiano</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.002</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">a</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">.2</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">b</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">.2</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.6</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="mf">0.001</span> <span class="c1">;; 1 rattle</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.7</span> <span class="mi">50</span> <span class="mi">500</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="c1">;; 1 rubber</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.09</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.09</span> <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="c1">;; 1 -> skip initialisation</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.09</span> <span class="mi">60</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.09</span> <span class="mi">80</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mf">1.8</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">0.09</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472902158808"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Stefan Bilbao </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>University of Edinburgh, UK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Author: John ffitch </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bath, UK</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New in Csound version 5.05</p>
</div>
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