<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>randh</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" />
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" />
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" />
<link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" />
<link rel="prev" href="rand.html" title="rand" />
<link rel="next" href="randi.html" title="randi" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="navheader">
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="center">randh</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="rand.html">Prev</a> </td>
<th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th>
<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="randi.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="refentry">
<a id="randh"></a>
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<a id="IndexRandh" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">randh</span>
</h2>
<p>randh —
Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472896865704"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472896795832"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>randh</strong></span> xamp, xcps [, iseed] [, isize] [, ioffset]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>randh</strong></span> kamp, kcps [, iseed] [, isize] [, ioffset]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472896792088"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iseed</em></span> (optional, default=0.5) -- seed value for the recursive pseudo-random formula. A value between 0 and +1 will produce an initial output of <span class="emphasis"><em>kamp * iseed.</em></span> A negative value will cause seed re-initialization to be skipped. A value greater than 1 will seed from system time, this is the best option to generate a different random sequence for each run.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>isize</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- if zero, a 16 bit number is generated. If non-zero, a 31-bit random number is generated. Default is 0.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ioffset</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- a base value added to the random result. New in Csound version 4.03.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472896787304"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp, xamp</em></span> -- range over which random numbers are distributed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kcps, xcps</em></span> -- the frequency which new random numbers are generated.
</p>
<p>
The internal pseudo-random formula produces values which are uniformly distributed over the range -<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span> to +<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span>. <span class="emphasis"><em>rand</em></span> will thus generate uniform white noise with an R.M.S value of <span class="emphasis"><em>kamp / root 2</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
The remaining units produce band-limited noise: the <span class="emphasis"><em>kcps</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>xcps</em></span> parameters permit the user to specify that new random numbers are to be generated at a rate less than the sampling or control frequencies. <span class="emphasis"><em>randh</em></span> will hold each new number for the period of the specified cycle.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472896780200"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the randh opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/randh.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">randh.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472896778344"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 803. Example of the randh opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472718237672"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o randh.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="c1">;same values every time</span>
k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="nb">randh</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="nb">printk2</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="c1">; look </span>
a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">rnd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; & listen</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span> <span class="c1">;different values every time</span>
k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="nb">randh</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="c1">; seed from system clock</span>
<span class="nb">printk2</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="c1">; look </span>
a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">rnd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; & listen</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">16384</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;sine wave.</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
<p>
The example will produce the following output:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i1 50.00000
i1 50.00305
i1 97.68677
i1 -44.25354
i1 -61.56006
i1 -75.91248
i1 67.57202
i1 12.83875
i1 5.39551
i1 -95.18738
WARNING: Seeding from current time 684387922
i2 -13.81226
i2 -16.49475
i2 69.51904
i2 35.04944
i2 47.47925
i2 63.25378
i2 -59.61914
i2 50.93079
i2 -6.46362
i2 5.89294
</pre>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472896772232"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="rand.html" title="rand"><em class="citetitle">rand</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="randi.html" title="randi"><em class="citetitle">randi</em></a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr />
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="rand.html">Prev</a> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="randi.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">rand </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> randi</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
distrib
>
Mageia
>
7
>
armv7hl
>
media
>
core-release
>
by-pkgid
>
5fcfcb7517038d1f44ab4e478e6e61fa
>
files
>
2795
