<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>random</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="randi.html" title="randi" /> <link rel="next" href="randomh.html" title="randomh" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">random</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="randi.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="randomh.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a id="random"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexRandom" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">random</span> </h2> <p>random — Generates a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472896735896"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Generates is a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472896734472"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>random</strong></span> kmin, kmax</pre> <pre class="synopsis">ires <span class="command"><strong>random</strong></span> imin, imax</pre> <pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>random</strong></span> kmin, kmax</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472896659384"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>imin</em></span> -- minimum range limit </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>imax</em></span> -- maximum range limit </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472896656760"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kmin</em></span> -- minimum range limit </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kmax</em></span> -- maximum range limit </p> <p> The <span class="emphasis"><em>random</em></span> opcode is similar to <a class="link" href="linrand.html" title="linrand"><em class="citetitle">linrand</em></a> and <a class="link" href="trirand.html" title="trirand"><em class="citetitle">trirand</em></a> but sometimes I [Gabriel Maldonado] find it more convenient because allows the user to set arbitrary minimum and maximum values. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472896651032"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the random opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/random.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">random.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idm281472896649288"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 805. Example of the random opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472717985144"></a> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="nt"><CsOptions></span> <span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span> <span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="c1">; -o random.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="nt"></CsOptions></span> <span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span> <span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="c1">;same values every time</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="nb">random</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="nb">printk</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="c1">; look </span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">rnd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; & listen</span> <span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span> <span class="c1">;different values every time</span> <span class="nb">seed</span> <span class="mi">0</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="nb">random</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="c1">; seed from system clock</span> <span class="nb">printk</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="c1">; look </span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">rnd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; & listen</span> <span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="nt"><CsScore></span> <span class="nb">f</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">16384</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;sine wave.</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">e</span> <span class="nt"></CsScore></span> <span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> Its output should include lines like: </p> <pre class="screen"> i 1 time 0.00067: 894.58566 i 1 time 0.50000: 748.44281 i 1 time 1.00000: 328.29916 WARNING: Seeding from current time 1656666052 i 2 time 2.00067: 690.71466 i 2 time 2.50000: 459.42445 i 2 time 3.00000: 100.85594 </pre> <p> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472896643736"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="linrand.html" title="linrand"><em class="citetitle">linrand</em></a>, <a class="link" href="randomh.html" title="randomh"><em class="citetitle">randomh</em></a>, <a class="link" href="randomi.html" title="randomi"><em class="citetitle">randomi</em></a>, <a class="link" href="trirand.html" title="trirand"><em class="citetitle">trirand</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472896638712"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p>Author: Gabriel Maldonado</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="randi.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="randomh.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">randi </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> randomh</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>