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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">seed</span>
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<p>seed —
Sets the global seed value.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472892665368"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Sets the global seed value for all <span class="emphasis"><em>x-class noise generators</em></span>, as well as other opcodes that use a random call, such as <a class="link" href="grain.html" title="grain"><em class="citetitle">grain</em></a>.
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<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png" />
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<th align="left">Please Note</th>
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<p><a class="link" href="rand.html" title="rand"><em class="citetitle">rand</em></a>, <a class="link" href="randh.html" title="randh"><em class="citetitle">randh</em></a>, <a class="link" href="randi.html" title="randi"><em class="citetitle">randi</em></a>, <a class="link" href="rnd.html" title="rnd"><em class="citetitle">rnd(x)</em></a> and <a class="link" href="birnd.html" title="birnd"><em class="citetitle">birnd(x)</em></a> are not affected by seed.</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472892591288"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>seed</strong></span> ival</pre>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472892589240"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
Use of <span class="emphasis"><em>seed</em></span> will provide predictable results from an orchestra using with random generators, when required from multiple performances.
</p>
<p>
When specifying a seed value, <span class="emphasis"><em>ival</em></span> should be an integer between 0 and 2<sup>32</sup>. If <span class="emphasis"><em>ival</em></span> = 0, the value of <span class="emphasis"><em>ival</em></span> will be derived from the system clock.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472892585128"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the seed opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/seed.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">seed.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472892583272"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 864. Example of the seed opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472713092376"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o seed.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="c1">;same values every time</span>
<span class="nb">seed</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="nb">randomh</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="nb">printk</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="c1">; look </span>
a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">rnd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; & listen</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span> <span class="c1">;different values every time - value is derived from system clock</span>
<span class="nb">seed</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">; seed from system clock</span>
k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="nb">randomh</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="nb">printk</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">rnd</span> <span class="c1">; look </span>
a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">rnd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; & listen</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">16384</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;sine wave.</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i 1 time 0.00067: 100.00000
i 1 time 0.50000: 175.78677
i 1 time 1.00000: 170.89579
WARNING: Seeding from current time 834128659
i 2 time 2.00067: 100.00000
i 2 time 2.50000: 197.58517
i 2 time 3.00000: 188.69525
</pre>
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