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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">t Statement (Tempo Statement)</span>
</h2>
<p>t —
Sets the tempo.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472821206968"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
This statement sets the tempo and specifies the accelerations and decelerations for the current section. This is done by converting beats into seconds.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472821205608"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>t</strong></span> p1 p2 p3 p4 ... (unlimited)</pre>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472821203576"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>p1</em></span> -- Must be zero.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>p2</em></span> -- Initial tempo on beats per minute.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>p3, p5, p7,...</em></span> -- Times in beats (in non-decreasing order).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>p4, p6, p8,...</em></span> -- Tempi for the referenced beat times.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472821138680"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
Time and Tempo-for-that-time are given as ordered couples that define points on a "tempo vs. time" graph. (The time-axis here is in beats so is not necessarily linear.) The beat-rate of a Section can be thought of as a movement from point to point on that graph: motion between two points of equal height signifies constant tempo, while motion between two points of unequal height will cause an accelarando or ritardando accordingly. The graph can contain discontinuities: two points given equal times but different tempi will cause an immediate tempo change.
</p>
<p>
Motion between different tempos over non-zero time is inverse linear. That is, an accelerando between two tempos M1 and M2 proceeds by linear interpolation of the single-beat durations from 60/M1 to 60/M2.
</p>
<p>
The first tempo given must be for beat 0.
</p>
<p>
A tempo, once assigned, will remain in effect from that time-point unless influenced by a succeeding tempo, i.e. the last specified tempo will be held to the end of the section.
</p>
<p>
A <span class="emphasis"><em>t statement</em></span> applies only to the score section in which it appears. Only one <span class="emphasis"><em>t statement</em></span> is meaningful in a section; it can be placed anywhere within that section. If a score section contains no <span class="emphasis"><em>t statement</em></span>, then beats are interpreted as seconds (i.e. with an implicit <span class="emphasis"><em>t 0 60</em></span> statement).
</p>
<p>
N.B. If the CSound command includes a <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html#FlagsMinusLowerT"><em class="citetitle">-t flag</em></a>, the interpreted tempo of all score <span class="emphasis"><em>t statements</em></span> will be overridden by the command-line tempo.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472821130296"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the t statement. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/t.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">t.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472821128440"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1175. Example of the t statement.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472683808008"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o t.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
a<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">expseg</span> <span class="mf">.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">0.75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">poscil3</span> <span class="mf">.8</span><span class="o">*</span>a<span class="n">env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">16384</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;sine wave</span>
<span class="nb">t</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">240</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">240</span> <span class="c1">;start tempo = 240 </span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">110</span> <span class="c1">;tempo = 240</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">220</span> <span class="c1">;slow down &</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">440</span> <span class="c1">;slow down &</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">880</span> <span class="c1">;slow down & </span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">110</span> <span class="c1">;slow down to 30 at 12 seconds</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">220</span> <span class="c1">;speed up to 240 again</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">18</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">440</span> <span class="c1">;stay at tempo 240</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">21</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">880</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
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