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<a id="tonex"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">tonex</span>
</h2>
<p>tonex —
Emulates a stack of filters using the tone opcode.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472878231960"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>tonex</em></span> is equivalent to a filter consisting of more layers of <a class="link" href="tone.html" title="tone"><em class="citetitle">tone</em></a> with the same arguments, serially connected. Using a stack of a larger number of filters allows a sharper cutoff. They are faster than using a larger number instances in a Csound orchestra of the old opcodes, because only one initialization and k- cycle are needed at time and the audio loop falls entirely inside the cache memory of processor.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472878158056"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>tonex</strong></span> asig, khp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>tonex</strong></span> asig, ahp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472878154408"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>inumlayer</em></span> (optional) -- number of elements in the filter stack. Default value is 4.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iskip</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- initial disposition of internal data space. Since filtering incorporates a feedback loop of previous output, the initial status of the storage space used is significant. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472878151672"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- input signal
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>khp</em></span>/<span class="emphasis"><em>ahp</em></span> -- the
response curve's half-power point. Half power is defined as peak
power / root 2.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472878148760"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the tonex opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/tonex.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">tonex.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472878146904"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1016. Example of the tonex opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472699159992"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o tonex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">diskin2</span> <span class="s">"beats.wav"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span>
k<span class="n">ton</span> <span class="nb">line</span> <span class="mi">10000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">;all the way down to 0 Hz</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">diskin2</span> <span class="s">"beats.wav"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">tonex</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">ton</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="c1">;8 filters</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472878142616"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="atonex.html" title="atonex"><em class="citetitle">atonex</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="resonx.html" title="resonx"><em class="citetitle">resonx</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472878139608"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Gabriel Maldonado (adapted by John ffitch)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Italy</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New in Csound version 3.49</p>
<p>Audio rate parameters introduced in version 6.02</p>
<p>October 2013.</p>
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