<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>until</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="unirand.html" title="unirand" /> <link rel="next" href="unwrap.html" title="unwrap" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">until</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="unirand.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="unwrap.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a id="until"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexUntil" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">until</span> </h2> <p>until — A syntactic looping construction. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472876885640"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> A syntactic looping construction. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472876843016"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>until</strong></span> condition <span class="command"><strong>do</strong></span> ... <span class="command"><strong>od</strong></span></pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472876839816"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> The statements between the <span class="emphasis"><em>do</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>od</em></span> form the body of a loop which is obeyed until the conditional becomes true. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472876837784"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the until construction. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/until.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">until.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idm281472876836008"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 1037. Example of the until opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472697496696"></a> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="nt"><CsOptions></span> <span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> <span class="c1">; Audio out Audio in</span> -odac -iadc <span class="c1">;;;RT audio I/O</span> <span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="c1">; -o ifthen.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="nt"></CsOptions></span> <span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span> <span class="vg">kr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4410</span> <span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="nl">lab99</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">goto</span> <span class="nl">lab100</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="k">goto</span> <span class="nl">lab99</span> <span class="nl">lab100</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span> <span class="k">until</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="k">od</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="nt"><CsScore></span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="nb">e</span> <span class="nt"></CsScore></span> <span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> Its output should include lines like this: </p> <pre class="screen"> B 0.000 .. 1.000 T 1.000 TT 1.000 M: 0.0 new alloc for instr 1: instr 1: p4 = 3.000 instr 1: p4 = 2.000 instr 1: p4 = 1.000 instr 1: p4 = 0.000 instr 1: p4 = -1.000 B 1.000 .. 2.000 T 2.000 TT 2.000 M: 0.0 new alloc for instr 2: instr 2: p4 = 3.000 instr 2: p4 = 2.000 instr 2: p4 = 1.000 instr 2: p4 = 0.000 instr 2: p4 = -1.000 B 2.000 .. 3.000 T 3.000 TT 3.000 M: 0.0 </pre> <p> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472876830584"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="loop_ge.html" title="loop_ge"><em class="citetitle">loop_ge</em></a>, <a class="link" href="loop_gt.html" title="loop_gt"><em class="citetitle">loop_gt</em></a> and <a class="link" href="loop_le.html" title="loop_le"><em class="citetitle">loop_le</em></a>. <a class="link" href="loop_lt.html" title="loop_lt"><em class="citetitle">loop_lt</em></a>. <a class="link" href="while.html" title="while"><em class="citetitle">while</em></a>. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472876824632"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p>John ffitch.</p> <p>New in Csound version 5.14 with new parser</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="unirand.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="unwrap.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">unirand </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> unwrap</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>