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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">urd</span>
</h2>
<p>urd —
A discrete user-defined-distribution random generator that can be used as a function.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472876705192"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
A discrete user-defined-distribution random generator that can be used as a function.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472876703896"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">aout = <span class="command"><strong>urd</strong></span>(ktableNum)</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">iout = <span class="command"><strong>urd</strong></span>(itableNum)</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kout = <span class="command"><strong>urd</strong></span>(ktableNum)</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472876632136"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>itableNum</em></span> -- number of table containing the random-distribution function. Such table is generated by the user. See <a class="link" href="GEN40.html" title="GEN40">GEN40</a>, <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>, and <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a>. The table length does not need to be a power of 2
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472876627976"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktableNum</em></span> -- number of table containing the random-distribution function. Such table is generated by the user. See <a class="link" href="GEN40.html" title="GEN40">GEN40</a>, <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>, and <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a>. The table length does not need to be a power of 2
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>urd</em></span> is the same opcode as <a class="link" href="duserrnd.html" title="duserrnd"><em class="citetitle">duserrnd</em></a>, but can be used in function fashion.
</p>
<p>
For a tutorial about random distribution histograms and functions see:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
D. Lorrain. "A panoply of stochastic cannons". In C. Roads, ed. 1989. Music machine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press, pp. 351 - 379.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472876620232"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the urd opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/urd.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">urd.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472876618376"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1042. Example of the urd opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472696699288"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o urd.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
k<span class="n">tab</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;ftable 1</span>
k<span class="n">urd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">urd</span><span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">tab</span><span class="p">)</span>
k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="nb">metro</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1">;triggers 5 times per second</span>
k<span class="n">res</span> <span class="nb">samphold</span> k<span class="n">urd</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="c1">;sample and hold value of kurd</span>
<span class="nb">printk2</span> k<span class="n">res</span> <span class="c1">;print it</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">poscil</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">220</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span>
<span class="nb">seed</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">;every run new values</span>
k<span class="n">tab</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;ftable 1</span>
k<span class="n">urd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">urd</span><span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">tab</span><span class="p">)</span>
k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="nb">metro</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1">;triggers 5 times per second</span>
k<span class="n">res</span> <span class="nb">samphold</span> k<span class="n">urd</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="c1">;sample and hold value of kurd</span>
<span class="nb">printk2</span> k<span class="n">res</span> <span class="c1">;print it</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">poscil</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">220</span><span class="o">+</span>k<span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">42</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="mi">200</span> <span class="mf">.7</span> <span class="c1">;30% choose between 10 and 20 and 70% between 100 and 200</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8192</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;sine wave</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like these:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i1 184.61538
i1 130.76923
i1 169.23077
i1 12.00000
.......
WARNING: Seeding from current time 3751086165
i2 138.46154
i2 12.00000
i2 123.07692
i2 161.53846
i2 123.07692
i2 153.84615
......
</pre>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472876613144"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="cuserrnd.html" title="cuserrnd"><em class="citetitle">cuserrnd</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="duserrnd.html" title="duserrnd"><em class="citetitle">duserrnd</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472876610104"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: Gabriel Maldonado</p>
<p>New in Version 4.16</p>
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