<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>vbap8</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="vbap4move.html" title="vbap4move" /> <link rel="next" href="vbap8move.html" title="vbap8move" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">vbap8</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="vbap4move.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="vbap8move.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a id="vbap8"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexVbap8" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">vbap8</span> </h2> <p>vbap8 — Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472875237160"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472875193640"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">ar1, ..., ar8 <span class="command"><strong>vbap8</strong></span> asig, kazim [, kelev] [, kspread]</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472875191000"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- audio signal to be panned </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kazim</em></span> -- azimuth angle of the virtual source </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span> (optional) -- elevation angle of the virtual source </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kspread</em></span> (optional) -- spreading of the virtual source (range 0 - 100). If value is zero, conventional amplitude panning is used. When <span class="emphasis"><em>kspread</em></span> is increased, the number of loudspeakers used in panning increases. If value is 100, the sound is applied to all loudspeakers. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap8</em></span> takes an input signal, <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span>, and distributes it among 8 outputs, according to the controls <span class="emphasis"><em>kazim</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span>, and the configured loudspeaker placement. If <span class="emphasis"><em>idim</em></span> = 2, <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span> is set to zero. The distribution is performed using Vector Base Amplitude Panning (VBAP - See reference). VBAP distributes the signal using loudspeaker data configured with <span class="emphasis"><em>vbaplsinit</em></span>. The signal is applied to, at most, two loudspeakers in 2-D loudspeaker configurations, and three loudspeakers in 3-D loudspeaker configurations. If the virtual source is panned outside the region spanned by loudspeakers, the nearest loudspeakers are used in panning. </p> <div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> <table border="0" summary="Warning"> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"> <img alt="[Warning]" src="images/warning.png" /> </td> <th align="left">Warning</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p>Please note that all <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> panning opcodes require the <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> system to be initialized using <a class="link" href="vbaplsinit.html" title="vbaplsinit"><em class="citetitle">vbaplsinit</em></a>.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472875179496"></a> <h2>Example</h2> <p> Here is a simple example of the <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap8</em></span> opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/vbap8.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">vbap8.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idm281472875177208"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 1057. Example of the vbap8 opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472695447176"></a> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="nt"><CsOptions></span> <span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> <span class="c1">; Audio out Audio in</span> <span class="c1">;-odac -iadc ;;;RT audio I/O</span> <span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> -o vbap8.wav -W <span class="c1">;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="nt"></CsOptions></span> <span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span> <span class="vg">kr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">441</span> <span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="nb">vbaplsinit</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">135</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">245</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">290</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">315</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">oscil</span> <span class="mi">20000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">440</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> a<span class="n">1</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">2</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">3</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">4</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">5</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">6</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">7</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">8</span> <span class="nb">vbap8</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="c1">;p4 = azimuth</span> <span class="c1">;render twice with alternate outq statements</span> <span class="c1">; to obtain two 4 channel .wav files:</span> <span class="nb">outq</span> a<span class="n">1</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">2</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">3</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">4</span> <span class="c1">; outq a5,a6,a7,a8</span> <span class="c1">; or use an 8-channel output for realtime output (set nchnls to 8):</span> <span class="c1">; outo a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="nt"><CsScore></span> <span class="nb">f</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8192</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; Play Instrument #1 for one second.</span> <span class="c1">; azimuth</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">60</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">80</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">120</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">140</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">160</span> <span class="nb">e</span> <span class="nt"></CsScore></span> <span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472875173016"></a> <h2>Reference</h2> <p> Ville Pulkki: <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Virtual Sound Source Positioning Using Vector Base Amplitude Panning</span>”</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>Journal of the Audio Engineering Society</em></span>, 1997 June, Vol. 45/6, p. 456. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472875170904"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="vbap16.html" title="vbap16"><em class="citetitle">vbap16</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap16move.html" title="vbap16move"><em class="citetitle">vbap16move</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap4.html" title="vbap4"><em class="citetitle">vbap4</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap4move.html" title="vbap4move"><em class="citetitle">vbap4move</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap8move.html" title="vbap8move"><em class="citetitle">vbap8move</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbaplsinit.html" title="vbaplsinit"><em class="citetitle">vbaplsinit</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbapz.html" title="vbapz"><em class="citetitle">vbapz</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbapzmove.html" title="vbapzmove"><em class="citetitle">vbapzmove</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472875162072"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p> </p> <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"> <tr> <td>Author: Ville Pulkki</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sibelius Academy Computer Music Studio</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Helsinki University of Technology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Helsinki, Finland</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2000</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p>New in Csound Version 4.07. Input parameters accept k-rate since Csund 5.09.</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="vbap4move.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="vbap8move.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">vbap4move </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> vbap8move</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>