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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">vrandi</span>
</h2>
<p>vrandi —
Generate a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise'
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472870944824"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Generate a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise'
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472870863976"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>vrandi</strong></span> ifn, krange, kcps, ielements [, idstoffset] [, iseed] \
[, isize] [, ioffset]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472870861960"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ifn</em></span> - number of the table where the vectorial signal will be generated
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ielements</em></span> - number of elements to process
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idstoffset</em></span> - (optional, default=0) -- index offset for the destination table
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iseed</em></span> (optional, default=0.5) -- seed value for the recursive pseudo-random formula. A value between 0 and +1 will produce an initial output of <span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span> * <span class="emphasis"><em>iseed</em></span>. A negative value will cause seed re-initialization to be skipped. A value greater than 1 will seed from system time, this is the best option to generate a different random sequence for each run.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>isize</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- if zero, a 16 bit number is generated. If non-zero, a 31-bit random number is generated. Default is 0.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ioffset</em></span> - (optional, default=0) -- a base value added to the random result.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472870854712"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> - range of random elements (from -<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> to <span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span>)
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kcps</em></span> - rate of generated elements in cycles per seconds
</p>
<p>
This opcode is similar to <a class="link" href="randi.html" title="randi"><em class="citetitle">randi</em></a>, but operates on vectors instead of with scalar values.
</p>
<p>
Though argument <span class="emphasis"><em>isize</em></span> defaults to 0, thus using a 16-bit random number generator, using the newer 31-bit algorithm is recommended, as this will produce a random sequence with a longer period (more random numbers before the sequence starts repeating).
</p>
<p>
The output is a vector contained in <span class="emphasis"><em>ifn</em></span> (that must be previously allocated).
</p>
<p>
All these operators are designed to be used together with other opcodes that operate with vector such as <a class="link" href="adsynt.html" title="adsynt"><em class="citetitle">adsynt</em></a>, etc.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472870845560"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the vrandi opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/vrandi.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">vrandi.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472870843736"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1102. Example of the vrandi opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472690786680"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="c1">; Audio out Audio in No messages</span>
-odac -iadc -d <span class="c1">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o vrandi.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">128</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1">;Example by Andres Cabrera</span>
gi<span class="n">tab</span> <span class="nb">ftgen</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
k<span class="n">range</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="nb">p4</span>
k<span class="n">cps</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="nb">p5</span>
i<span class="n">offset</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="nb">p6</span>
<span class="c1">; table krange kcps ielements idstoffset iseed isize ioffset</span>
<span class="nb">vrandi</span> gi<span class="n">tab</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">range</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">cps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">offset</span>
k<span class="n">freq1</span> <span class="nb">table</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> gi<span class="n">tab</span>
k<span class="n">freq2</span> <span class="nb">table</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> gi<span class="n">tab</span>
k<span class="n">freq3</span> <span class="nb">table</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> gi<span class="n">tab</span>
<span class="c1">;Change the frequency of three oscillators according to the random values</span>
a<span class="n">osc1</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mi">4000</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">freq1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
a<span class="n">osc2</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">freq2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
a<span class="n">osc3</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mi">4000</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">freq3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">osc1</span><span class="o">+</span>a<span class="n">osc2</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">osc3</span><span class="o">+</span>a<span class="n">osc2</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">f</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2048</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1">; krange kcps ioffset</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">300</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">400</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1000</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">400</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">1000</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">2000</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">300</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="mi">350</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472870839544"></a>
<h2>See also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="vrandh.html" title="vrandh"><em class="citetitle">vrandh</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="randi.html" title="randi"><em class="citetitle">randi</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472870836536"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Written by Gabriel Maldonado.</p>
<p>New in Csound 5 (Previously available only on CsoundAV)</p>
</div>
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