<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>wrap</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="window.html" title="window" /> <link rel="next" href="writescratch.html" title="writescratch" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">wrap</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="window.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="writescratch.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a id="wrap"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexWrap" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">wrap</span> </h2> <p>wrap — Wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472868343048"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472868271208"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>wrap</strong></span> asig, klow, khigh</pre> <pre class="synopsis">ires <span class="command"><strong>wrap</strong></span> isig, ilow, ihigh</pre> <pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>wrap</strong></span> ksig, klow, khigh</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472868266312"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>isig</em></span> -- input signal </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ilow</em></span> -- low threshold </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ihigh</em></span> -- high threshold </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472868263016"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>xsig</em></span> -- input signal </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>klow</em></span> -- low threshold </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>khigh</em></span> -- high threshold </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>wrap</em></span> wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds. </p> <p> This opcode is useful in several situations, such as table indexing or for clipping and modeling a-rate, i-rate or k-rate signals. <span class="emphasis"><em>wrap</em></span> is also useful for wrap-around of table data when the maximum index is not a power of two (see <a class="link" href="table.html" title="table"><em class="citetitle">table</em></a> and <a class="link" href="tablei.html" title="tablei"><em class="citetitle">tablei</em></a>). Another use of <span class="emphasis"><em>wrap</em></span> is in cyclical event repeating, with arbitrary cycle length. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472868255432"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the wrap opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/wrap.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">wrap.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idm281472868253576"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 1134. Example of the wrap opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472688342120"></a> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="nt"><CsOptions></span> <span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span> <span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="c1">; -o wrap.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="nt"></CsOptions></span> <span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span> <span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="c1">; Limit / Mirror / Wrap</span> i<span class="n">gain</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="c1">;gain</span> i<span class="n">levl1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p5</span> <span class="c1">; + level</span> i<span class="n">levl2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p6</span> <span class="c1">; - level</span> i<span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p7</span> <span class="c1">;1 = limit, 2 = mirror, 3 = wrap</span> a<span class="n">in</span> <span class="nb">soundin</span> <span class="s">"fox.wav"</span> a<span class="n">in</span> <span class="o">=</span> a<span class="n">in</span><span class="o">*</span>i<span class="n">gain</span> <span class="k">if</span> i<span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">goto</span> <span class="nl">limit</span> <span class="k">if</span> i<span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">goto</span> <span class="nl">mirror</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">wrap</span> a<span class="n">in</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">levl2</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">levl1</span> <span class="k">goto</span> <span class="nl">outsignal</span> <span class="nl">limit</span><span class="p">:</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">limit</span> a<span class="n">in</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">levl2</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">levl1</span> <span class="k">goto</span> <span class="nl">outsignal</span> <span class="nl">mirror</span><span class="p">:</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">mirror</span> a<span class="n">in</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">levl2</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">levl1</span> <span class="nl">outsignal</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">.5</span> <span class="c1">;mind your speakers</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="nt"><CsScore></span> <span class="c1">; Gain +Levl -Levl Mode</span> <span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">4.00</span> <span class="mf">.25</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.00</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">;limit</span> <span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">4.00</span> <span class="mf">.25</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.00</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">;mirror</span> <span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">4.00</span> <span class="mf">.25</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.00</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="c1">;wrap</span> <span class="nb">e</span> <span class="nt"></CsScore></span> <span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472868249288"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="limit.html" title="limit"><em class="citetitle">limit</em></a>, <a class="link" href="mirror.html" title="mirror"><em class="citetitle">mirror</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472868246280"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p> </p> <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"> <tr> <td>Author: Gabriel Maldonado</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p>New in Csound version 3.49</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="window.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="writescratch.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">window </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> writescratch</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>