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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">adsr</span>
</h2>
<p>adsr —
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952071672"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952028568"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>adsr</strong></span> iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>adsr</strong></span> iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952024856"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iatt</em></span> -- duration of attack phase
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> -- duration of decay
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>islev</em></span> -- level for sustain phase
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irel</em></span> -- duration of release phase
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idel</em></span> -- period of zero before the envelope starts
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952019480"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
The envelope generated is the range 0 to 1 and may need to be scaled
further, depending on the amplitude required. If using
<a class="link" href="Zerodbfs.html" title="0dbfs"><em class="citetitle">0dbfs</em></a> = 1, scaling down
will probably be required since playing more than one note might result in clipping.
If not using <a class="link" href="Zerodbfs.html" title="0dbfs"><em class="citetitle">0dbfs</em></a>, scaling
to a large amplitude (e.g. 32000) might be required.
</p>
<p>
The envelope may be described as:
</p>
<div class="mediaobject">
<img src="images/adsr.png" alt="Picture of an ADSR envelope." />
<div class="caption">
<p>Picture of an ADSR envelope.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The length of the sustain is calculated from the length of the note. This means <span class="emphasis"><em>adsr</em></span> is not suitable for use with MIDI events. The opcode <a class="link" href="madsr.html" title="madsr"><em class="citetitle">madsr</em></a> uses the <a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a> mechanism, and so can be used in MIDI applications.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>adsr</em></span> is new in Csound version 3.49.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952008408"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the adsr opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/adsr.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">adsr.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472952006632"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 45. Example of the adsr opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472787594312"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o adsr.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
i<span class="n">att</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p5</span>
i<span class="n">dec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p6</span>
i<span class="n">slev</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p7</span>
i<span class="n">rel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p8</span>
k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">adsr</span> i<span class="n">att</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">slev</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">rel</span>
k<span class="n">cps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">cpspch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">;frequency</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">vco2</span> k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">cps</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">7.00</span> <span class="mf">.0001</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">.5</span> <span class="mf">.001</span> <span class="c1">; short attack</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">7.02</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">.5</span> <span class="mf">.5</span> <span class="mf">.001</span> <span class="c1">; long attack</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">6.09</span> <span class="mf">.0001</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mf">.5</span> <span class="mf">.7</span> <span class="c1">; long release</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
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</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472952002312"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="madsr.html" title="madsr"><em class="citetitle">madsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="mxadsr.html" title="mxadsr"><em class="citetitle">mxadsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="xadsr.html" title="xadsr"><em class="citetitle">xadsr</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472951998280"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: John ffitch</p>
<p>New in version 3.49</p>
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