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<a id="Indexalwayson" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">alwayson</span>
</h2>
<p>alwayson —
Activates the indicated instrument in the orchestra header,
without need for an i statement.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472951666760"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Activates the indicated instrument in the orchestra header,
without need for an i statement. Instruments must be
activated in the same order as they are defined.
</p>
<p>
The alwayson opcode is designed to simplify
the definition of re-usable orchestras with
signal processing or effects chains and networks.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472951595384"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"> <span class="command"><strong>alwayson</strong></span> Tinstrument [p4, ..., pn]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472951593224"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Tinstrument</em></span> -- String name of the instrument definition to be turned on.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>[p4, ..., pn]</em></span> -- Optional pfields to be passed to the instrument, in the same
order and type as if this were an i statement.
</p>
<p>
When the instrument is activated, p1 is the insno, p2 is 0, and p3 is -1.
Pfields from p4 on may optionally be sent to the instrument.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472951590072"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the alwayson opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/alwayson.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">alwayson.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472951588216"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 51. Example of the alwayson opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472787344312"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">;-Wfo alwayson.wav </span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="c1">; Initialize the global variables. </span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1">; Connect up instruments and effects to create the signal flow graph. </span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"SimpleSine"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Reverberator"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftin"</span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"SimpleSine"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Reverberator"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightin"</span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"Moogy"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Reverberator"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftin"</span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"Moogy"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Reverberator"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightin"</span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"Reverberator"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Compressor"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftin"</span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"Reverberator"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Compressor"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightin"</span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"Compressor"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Soundfile"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"leftin"</span>
<span class="nb">connect</span> <span class="s">"Compressor"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"Soundfile"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"rightin"</span>
<span class="c1">; Turn on the "effect" units in the signal flow graph. </span>
<span class="nb">alwayson</span> <span class="s">"Reverberator"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.91</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12000</span>
<span class="nb">alwayson</span> <span class="s">"Compressor"</span>
<span class="nb">alwayson</span> <span class="s">"Soundfile"</span>
<span class="c1">; Define instruments and effects in order of signal flow.</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">SimpleSine</span>
<span class="c1">;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;</span>
<span class="c1">; Default values: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10</span>
<span class="nb">pset</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span>
i<span class="n">attack</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.015</span>
i<span class="n">decay</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.07</span>
i<span class="n">sustain</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p3</span>
i<span class="n">release</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span>
<span class="nb">p3</span> <span class="o">=</span> i<span class="n">attack</span> <span class="o">+</span> i<span class="n">decay</span> <span class="o">+</span> i<span class="n">sustain</span> <span class="o">+</span> i<span class="n">release</span>
a<span class="n">damping</span> <span class="nb">linsegr</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">attack</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">decay</span> <span class="o">+</span> i<span class="n">sustain</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">release</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
i<span class="n">Hz</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">cpsmidinn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">; Rescale MIDI velocity range to a musically usable range of dB. </span>
i<span class="n">amplitude</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">ampdb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p5</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">127</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">15.0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">60.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">; Use ftgenonce instead of ftgen, ftgentmp, or f statement. </span>
i<span class="n">cosine</span> <span class="nb">ftgenonce</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">65537</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
a<span class="n">oscili</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> i<span class="n">amplitude</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">Hz</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">cosine</span>
a<span class="n">adsr</span> <span class="nb">madsr</span> i<span class="n">attack</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">decay</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">release</span>
a<span class="n">signal</span> <span class="o">=</span> a<span class="n">oscili</span> <span class="o">*</span> a<span class="n">adsr</span>
a<span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">right</span> <span class="nb">pan2</span> a<span class="n">signal</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p7</span>
<span class="c1">; Stereo audio output to be routed in the orchestra header. </span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">left</span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">right</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">Moogy</span>
<span class="c1">;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;</span>
<span class="c1">; Default values: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10</span>
<span class="nb">pset</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span>
i<span class="n">attack</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.003</span>
i<span class="n">sustain</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p3</span>
i<span class="n">release</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.05</span>
<span class="nb">p3</span> <span class="o">=</span> i<span class="n">attack</span> <span class="o">+</span> i<span class="n">sustain</span> <span class="o">+</span> i<span class="n">release</span>
a<span class="n">damping</span> <span class="nb">linsegr</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">attack</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">sustain</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">release</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
i<span class="n">Hz</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">cpsmidinn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">; Rescale MIDI velocity range to a musically usable range of dB. </span>
i<span class="n">amplitude</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">ampdb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p5</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">127</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">20.0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">60.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> i<span class="n">Hz</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">amplitude</span>
<span class="c1">; Use ftgenonce instead of ftgen, ftgentmp, or f statement. </span>
i<span class="n">sine</span> <span class="nb">ftgenonce</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">65537</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
a<span class="n">signal</span> <span class="nb">vco</span> i<span class="n">amplitude</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">Hz</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">sine</span>
k<span class="n">fco</span> <span class="nb">line</span> <span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span>
k<span class="n">rez</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span>
a<span class="n">signal</span> <span class="nb">moogvcf</span> a<span class="n">signal</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">fco</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">rez</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100000</span>
a<span class="n">signal</span> <span class="o">=</span> a<span class="n">signal</span> <span class="o">*</span> a<span class="n">damping</span>
a<span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">right</span> <span class="nb">pan2</span> a<span class="n">signal</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p7</span>
<span class="c1">; Stereo audio output to be routed in the orchestra header. </span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">left</span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">right</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">Reverberator</span>
<span class="c1">;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;</span>
<span class="c1">; Stereo input. </span>
a<span class="n">leftin</span> <span class="nb">inleta</span> <span class="s">"leftin"</span>
a<span class="n">rightin</span> <span class="nb">inleta</span> <span class="s">"rightin"</span>
i<span class="n">delay</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span>
i<span class="n">cutoff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p5</span>
a<span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">right</span> <span class="nb">reverbsc</span> a<span class="n">leftin</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">rightin</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">delay</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">cutoff</span>
<span class="c1">; Stereo output. </span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">left</span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">right</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">Compressor</span>
<span class="c1">;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;</span>
<span class="c1">; Stereo input. </span>
a<span class="n">leftin</span> <span class="nb">inleta</span> <span class="s">"leftin"</span>
a<span class="n">rightin</span> <span class="nb">inleta</span> <span class="s">"rightin"</span>
k<span class="n">threshold</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">25000</span>
i<span class="n">comp1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span>
i<span class="n">comp2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.763</span>
i<span class="n">rtime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span>
i<span class="n">ftime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span>
a<span class="n">leftout</span> <span class="nb">dam</span> a<span class="n">leftin</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">threshold</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">comp1</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">comp2</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">rtime</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">ftime</span>
a<span class="n">rightout</span> <span class="nb">dam</span> a<span class="n">rightin</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">threshold</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">comp1</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">comp2</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">rtime</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">ftime</span>
<span class="c1">; Stereo output. </span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"leftout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">leftout</span>
<span class="nb">outleta</span> <span class="s">"rightout"</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">rightout</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">Soundfile</span>
<span class="c1">;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;</span>
<span class="c1">; Stereo input. </span>
a<span class="n">leftin</span> <span class="nb">inleta</span> <span class="s">"leftin"</span>
a<span class="n">rightin</span> <span class="nb">inleta</span> <span class="s">"rightin"</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">leftin</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">rightin</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="c1">; It is not necessary to activate "effects" or create f-tables in the score! </span>
<span class="c1">; Overlapping notes create new instances of instruments with proper connections. </span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="s">"SimpleSine"</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">60</span> <span class="mi">85</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="s">"SimpleSine"</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">64</span> <span class="mi">80</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="s">"Moogy"</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">67</span> <span class="mi">75</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="s">"Moogy"</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">71</span> <span class="mi">70</span>
<span class="c1">; 1 extra second after the performance</span>
<span class="nb">e</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472951586344"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>By: Michael Gogins 2009</p>
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