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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">babo</span>
</h2>
<p>babo —
A physical model reverberator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472949978072"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>babo</em></span> stands for <span class="emphasis"><em>ba</em></span>ll-within-the-<span class="emphasis"><em>bo</em></span>x. It is a physical model reverberator based on the paper by Davide Rocchesso "The Ball within the Box: a sound-processing metaphor", Computer Music Journal, Vol 19, N.4, pp.45-47, Winter 1995.
</p>
<p>
The resonator geometry can be defined, along with some response characteristics, the position of the listener within the resonator, and the position of the sound source.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472949974328"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">a1, a2 <span class="command"><strong>babo</strong></span> asig, ksrcx, ksrcy, ksrcz, irx, iry, irz [, idiff] [, ifno]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472949972120"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irx, iry, irz</em></span> -- the coordinates of the geometry of the resonator (length of the edges in meters)
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idiff</em></span> -- is the coefficient of diffusion at the walls, which regulates the amount of diffusion (0-1, where 0 = no diffusion, 1 = maximum diffusion - default: 1)
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ifno</em></span> -- expert values function: a function number that holds all the additional parameters of the resonator. This is typically a GEN2--type function used in non-rescaling mode. They are as follows:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>decay</em></span> -- main decay of the resonator (default: 0.99)</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>hydecay</em></span> -- high frequency decay of the resonator (default: 0.1)</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>rcvx, rcvy, rcvz</em></span> -- the coordinates of the position of the receiver (the listener) (in meters; 0,0,0 is the resonator center)</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>rdistance</em></span> -- the distance in meters between the two pickups (your ears, for example - default: 0.3)</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>direct</em></span> -- the attenuation of the direct signal (0-1, default: 0.5)</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>early_diff</em></span> -- the attenuation coefficient of the early reflections (0-1, default: 0.8)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472949962200"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- the input signal
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ksrcx, ksrcy, ksrcz</em></span> -- the virtual coordinates of the source of sound (the input signal). These are allowed to move at k-rate and provide all the necessary variations in terms of response of the resonator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472949959272"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is a simple example of the babo opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/babo.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">babo.csd</em></a>, and <a class="ulink" href="examples/beats.wav" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">beats.wav</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472949956568"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 76. A simple example of the babo opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472784590840"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o babo.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="cm">/* Written by Nicola Bernardini */</span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1">; minimal babo instrument</span>
<span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
i<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="c1">; x position of source</span>
i<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p5</span> <span class="c1">; y position of source</span>
i<span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p6</span> <span class="c1">; z position of source</span>
i<span class="n">xsize</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p7</span> <span class="c1">; width of the resonator</span>
i<span class="n">ysize</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p8</span> <span class="c1">; depth of the resonator</span>
i<span class="n">zsize</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p9</span> <span class="c1">; height of the resonator</span>
a<span class="n">input</span> <span class="nb">soundin</span> <span class="s">"beats.wav"</span>
a<span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">r</span> <span class="nb">babo</span> a<span class="n">input</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">0.7</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">z</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">xsize</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">ysize</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">zsize</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">r</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="cm">/* Written by Nicola Bernardini */</span>
<span class="c1">; simple babo usage:</span>
<span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="c1">;p4 : x position of source</span>
<span class="c1">;p5 : y position of source</span>
<span class="c1">;p6 : z position of source</span>
<span class="c1">;p7 : width of the resonator</span>
<span class="c1">;p8 : depth of the resonator</span>
<span class="c1">;p9 : height of the resonator</span>
<span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="c1">; ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</span>
<span class="c1">; ||||||| ++++++++++++++: optimal room dims according to</span>
<span class="c1">; ||||||| Milner and Bernard JASA 85(2), 1989</span>
<span class="c1">; +++++++++: source position</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
<p>
Here is an advanced example of the babo opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/babo_expert.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">babo_expert.csd</em></a>, and <a class="ulink" href="examples/beats.wav" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">beats.wav</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472949950376"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 77. An advanced example of the babo opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472784603864"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o babo_expert.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="cm">/* Written by Nicola Bernardini */</span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="c1">; full blown babo instrument with movement</span>
<span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span>
i<span class="n">xstart</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="c1">; start x position of source (left-right)</span>
i<span class="n">xend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p7</span> <span class="c1">; end x position of source</span>
i<span class="n">ystart</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p5</span> <span class="c1">; start y position of source (front-back)</span>
i<span class="n">yend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p8</span> <span class="c1">; end y position of source</span>
i<span class="n">zstart</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p6</span> <span class="c1">; start z position of source (up-down)</span>
i<span class="n">zend</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p9</span> <span class="c1">; end z position of source</span>
i<span class="n">xsize</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p10</span> <span class="c1">; width of the resonator</span>
i<span class="n">ysize</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p11</span> <span class="c1">; depth of the resonator</span>
i<span class="n">zsize</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p12</span> <span class="c1">; height of the resonator</span>
i<span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p13</span> <span class="c1">; diffusion coefficient</span>
i<span class="n">expert</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p14</span> <span class="c1">; power user values stored in this function</span>
a<span class="n">input</span> <span class="nb">soundin</span> <span class="s">"beats.wav"</span>
k<span class="n">source_x</span> <span class="nb">line</span> i<span class="n">xstart</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">xend</span>
k<span class="n">source_y</span> <span class="nb">line</span> i<span class="n">ystart</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">yend</span>
k<span class="n">source_z</span> <span class="nb">line</span> i<span class="n">zstart</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">zend</span>
a<span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">r</span> <span class="nb">babo</span> a<span class="n">input</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">0.7</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">source_x</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">source_y</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">source_z</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">xsize</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">ysize</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">zsize</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">diff</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">expert</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span>a<span class="n">r</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="cm">/* Written by Nicola Bernardini */</span>
<span class="c1">; full blown instrument</span>
<span class="c1">;p4 : start x position of source (left-right)</span>
<span class="c1">;p5 : end x position of source</span>
<span class="c1">;p6 : start y position of source (front-back)</span>
<span class="c1">;p7 : end y position of source</span>
<span class="c1">;p8 : start z position of source (up-down)</span>
<span class="c1">;p9 : end z position of source</span>
<span class="c1">;p10 : width of the resonator</span>
<span class="c1">;p11 : depth of the resonator</span>
<span class="c1">;p12 : height of the resonator</span>
<span class="c1">;p13 : diffusion coefficient</span>
<span class="c1">;p14 : power user values stored in this function</span>
<span class="c1">; decay hidecay rx ry rz rdistance direct early_diff</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">0.95</span> <span class="mf">0.95</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span> <span class="c1">; brighter</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">0.95</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span> <span class="c1">; default (to be set as)</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">0.95</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span> <span class="c1">; darker</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">0.95</span> <span class="mf">0.7</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span> <span class="c1">; to hear the effect of diffusion</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span> <span class="mf">0.98</span> <span class="c1">; to hear the movement</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">0.99</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="mf">0.8</span> <span class="c1">; default vals</span>
<span class="c1">; ^</span>
<span class="c1">; ----- gen. number: negative to avoid rescaling</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="c1">; defaults</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; hear brightness 1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">; hear brightness 2</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="c1">; hear brightness 3</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="mf">1.439</span> <span class="mf">1.186</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1">; hear diffusion 1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="mf">1.439</span> <span class="mf">1.186</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1">; hear diffusion 2</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">24.39</span> <span class="mf">21.86</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1">; hear movement</span>
<span class="c1">;</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">; hear brightness 1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">; hear brightness 2</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">14.39</span> <span class="mf">11.86</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="c1">; hear brightness 3</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="mf">1.439</span> <span class="mf">1.186</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1">; hear diffusion 1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.6</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">.4</span> <span class="mf">.3</span> <span class="mf">1.439</span> <span class="mf">1.186</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1">; hear diffusion 2</span>
<span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mf">24.39</span> <span class="mf">21.86</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1">; hear movement</span>
<span class="c1">; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^</span>
<span class="c1">; ||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||| | --: expert values function</span>
<span class="c1">; ||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||| +--: diffusion</span>
<span class="c1">; ||||||||||||||||||| ----------------: optimal room dims according to Milner and Bernard JASA 85(2), 1989</span>
<span class="c1">; |||||||||||||||||||</span>
<span class="c1">; --------------------: source position start and end</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472949948424"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Paolo Filippi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Padova, Italy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1999</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Nicola Bernardini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rome, Italy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2000</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New in Csound version 4.09</p>
</div>
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