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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">cent</span>
</h2>
<p>cent —
Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472947952520"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472947951112"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>cent</strong></span>(x) </pre>
<p>
This function works at a-rate, i-rate, and k-rate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472947883928"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span> -- a value expressed in cents.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472947882232"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
The value returned by the <span class="emphasis"><em>cent</em></span> function is a factor. You can multiply a frequency by this factor to raise/lower it by the given amount of cents.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472947880296"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the cent opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/cent.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">cent.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472947878520"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 110. Example of the cent opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472781666968"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="c1">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o cent.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> <span class="c1">; original pitch</span>
i<span class="n">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">440</span> <span class="c1">; root note = A (440 Hz)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> i<span class="n">root</span> <span class="c1">;print out</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">2</span>
i<span class="n">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">440</span> <span class="c1">; root note = A (440 Hz)</span>
i<span class="n">cents</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p4</span> <span class="c1">; change root note by 300 and 1200 cents</span>
i<span class="n">factor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">cent</span><span class="p">(</span>i<span class="n">cents</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">; calculate new note</span>
i<span class="n">new</span> <span class="o">=</span> i<span class="n">root</span> <span class="o">*</span> i<span class="n">factor</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> i<span class="n">root</span> <span class="c1">; Print all</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> i<span class="n">factor</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> i<span class="n">new</span>
a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">oscili</span> <span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="c1">; sine wave</span>
<span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">32768</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">;no change</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">2.5</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">300</span> <span class="c1">;note = C above A</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1200</span> <span class="c1">;1 octave higher </span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
instr 1: iroot = 440.000
instr 2: iroot = 440.000
instr 2: ifactor = 1.189
instr 2: inew = 523.251
instr 2: iroot = 440.000
instr 2: ifactor = 2.000
instr 2: inew = 880.000</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472947873224"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="db.html" title="db"><em class="citetitle">db</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="octave.html" title="octave"><em class="citetitle">octave</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="semitone.html" title="semitone"><em class="citetitle">semitone</em></a>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472947869224"></a>
<p>New in version 4.16</p>
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