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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">cpstun</span>
</h2>
<p>cpstun —
Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472944280712"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472944279384"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">kcps <span class="command"><strong>cpstun</strong></span> ktrig, kindex, kfn</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472944277144"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kcps</em></span> -- Return value in cycles per second.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> -- A trigger signal used to trigger the evaluation.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kindex</em></span> -- An integer number denoting an index of scale.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kfn</em></span> -- Function table containing the parameters (numgrades, interval, basefreq, basekeymidi) and the tuning ratios.
</p>
<p>
These opcodes are similar to <a class="link" href="cpstmid.html" title="cpstmid"><em class="citetitle">cpstmid</em></a>, but work without necessity of MIDI.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>cpstun</em></span> works at k-rate. It allows fully customized micro-tuning scales. It requires a function table number containing the tuning ratios, and some other parameters stored in the function table itself.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kindex</em></span> arguments should be filled with integer numbers expressing the grade of given scale to be converted in cps. In <span class="emphasis"><em>cpstun</em></span>, a new value is evaluated only when <span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> contains a non-zero value. The function table <span class="emphasis"><em>kfn</em></span> should be generated by <a class="link" href="GEN02.html" title="GEN02"><em class="citetitle">GEN02</em></a> and the first four values stored in this function are parameters that express:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>numgrades -- The number of grades of the micro-tuning scale.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>interval -- The frequency range covered before repeating the grade ratios, for example 2 for one octave, 1.5 for a fifth etcetera.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>basefreq -- The base frequency of the scale in cycles per second.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>basekey -- The integer index of the scale to which to assign basefreq unmodified.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
After these four values, the user can begin to insert the tuning ratios. For example, for a standard 12-grade scale with the base-frequency of 261 cps assigned to the key-number 60, the corresponding f-statement in the score to generate the table should be:
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">; numgrades basefreq tuning-ratios (eq.temp) .......</span>
<span class="comment">; interval basekey</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 64 -2 12 2 261 60 1 1.059463 1.12246 1.18920 ..etc...</pre>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Another example with a 24-grade scale with a base frequency of 440 assigned
to the key-number 48, and a repetition interval of 1.5:
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">; numgrades basefreq tuning-ratios .......</span>
<span class="comment">; interval basekey</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 64 -2 24 1.5 440 48 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 ..etc...</pre>
</div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472944255288"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the cpstun opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/cpstun.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">cpstun.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idm281472944253432"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 165. Example of the cpstun opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472777356376"></a>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="nt"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="c1">; Audio out Audio in</span>
-odac -iadc <span class="c1">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="c1">; -o cpstun.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="nt"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="c1">; Initialize the global variables.</span>
<span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span>
<span class="vg">kr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4410</span>
<span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1">; Table #1, a normal 12-tone equal temperament scale.</span>
<span class="c1">; numgrades = 12 (twelve tones)</span>
<span class="c1">; interval = 2 (one octave)</span>
<span class="c1">; basefreq = 261.659 (Middle C)</span>
<span class="c1">; basekeymidi = 60 (Middle C)</span>
gi<span class="n">temp</span> <span class="nb">ftgen</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">261.659</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.00</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="mf">1.059</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.122</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.189</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.260</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.335</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.414</span><span class="p">,</span> \
<span class="mf">1.498</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.588</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.682</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.782</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.888</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.000</span>
<span class="c1">; Instrument #1.</span>
<span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span>
<span class="c1">; Set the trigger.</span>
k<span class="n">trig</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1">; Use Table #1.</span>
k<span class="n">fn</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1">; If the base key (note #60) is C, then 9 notes </span>
<span class="c1">; above it (note #60 + 9 = note #69) should be A.</span>
k<span class="n">index</span> <span class="nb">init</span> <span class="mi">69</span>
k<span class="n">1</span> <span class="nb">cpstun</span> k<span class="n">trig</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">fn</span>
<span class="nb">printk2</span> k<span class="n">1</span>
<span class="kd">endin</span>
<span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="nt"><CsScore></span>
<span class="c1">; Play Instrument #1 for one second.</span>
<span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="nb">e</span>
<span class="nt"></CsScore></span>
<span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like this:
</p>
<pre class="screen">i1 440.11044</pre>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472944248376"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="cpstmid.html" title="cpstmid"><em class="citetitle">cpstmid</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="cpstuni.html" title="cpstuni"><em class="citetitle">cpstuni</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="GEN02.html" title="GEN02"><em class="citetitle">GEN02</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idm281472944244312"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Example written by Kevin Conder.</p>
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