<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>duserrnd</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="dumpk4.html" title="dumpk4" /> <link rel="next" href="dust.html" title="dust" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">duserrnd</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dumpk4.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dust.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a id="duserrnd"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexDuserrnd" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">duserrnd</span> </h2> <p>duserrnd — Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472940185368"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472940144104"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">aout <span class="command"><strong>duserrnd</strong></span> ktableNum</pre> <pre class="synopsis">iout <span class="command"><strong>duserrnd</strong></span> itableNum</pre> <pre class="synopsis">kout <span class="command"><strong>duserrnd</strong></span> ktableNum</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472940139112"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>itableNum</em></span> -- number of table containing the random-distribution function. Such table is generated by the user. See <a class="link" href="GEN40.html" title="GEN40">GEN40</a>, <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>, and <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a>. The table length does not need to be a power of 2 </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472940134872"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ktableNum</em></span> -- number of table containing the random-distribution function. Such table is generated by the user. See <a class="link" href="GEN40.html" title="GEN40">GEN40</a>, <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>, and <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a>. The table length does not need to be a power of 2 </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> (discrete user-defined-distribution random generator) generates random values according to a discrete random distribution created by the user. The user can create the discrete distribution histogram by using <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>. In order to create that table, the user has to define an arbitrary amount of number pairs, the first number of each pair representing a value and the second representing its probability (see <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a> for more details). </p> <p> When used as a function, the rate of generation depends by the rate type of input variable XtableNum. In this case it can be embedded into any formula. Table number can be varied at k-rate, allowing to change the distribution histogram during the performance of a single note. <span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> is designed be used in algorithmic music generation. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> can also be used to generate values following a set of ranges of probabilities by using distribution functions generated by GEN42 (See <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a> for more details). In this case, in order to simulate continuous ranges, the length of table XtableNum should be reasonably big, as <span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> does not interpolate between table elements. </p> <p> For a tutorial about random distribution histograms and functions see: </p> <div class="itemizedlist"> <ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> <li class="listitem"> <p> D. Lorrain. "A panoply of stochastic cannons". In C. Roads, ed. 1989. Music machine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press, pp. 351 - 379. </p> </li> </ul> </div> <p> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472940122472"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the duserrnd opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/duserrnd.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">duserrnd.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idm281472940120616"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 234. Example of the duserrnd opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472786747416"></a> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="nt"><CsOptions></span> <span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span> <span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="c1">; -o duserrnd.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="nt"></CsOptions></span> <span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span> <span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> k<span class="n">1</span> <span class="nb">duserrnd</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">printk</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> k<span class="n">1</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="nb">poscil</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">220</span><span class="o">*</span>k<span class="n">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">;multiply frequency with random value</span> <span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">sig</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">sig</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="nt"><CsScore></span> <span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">41</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">.1</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mf">.9</span> <span class="c1">;choose 2 at 10% probability, and 8 at 90%</span> <span class="nb">f</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">8192</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">i</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="nb">e</span> <span class="nt"></CsScore></span> <span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> Its output should include lines like these: </p> <pre class="screen"> i 1 time 0.00067: 8.00000 i 1 time 0.00133: 8.00000 i 1 time 0.00200: 8.00000 i 1 time 0.00267: 8.00000 i 1 time 0.00333: 2.00000 i 1 time 0.00400: 8.00000 i 1 time 0.00533: 8.00000 i 1 time 0.00600: 8.00000 .......... </pre> <p> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472940115304"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="cuserrnd.html" title="cuserrnd"><em class="citetitle">cuserrnd</em></a>, <a class="link" href="urd.html" title="urd"><em class="citetitle">urd</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472940112296"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p>Author: Gabriel Maldonado</p> <p>New in Version 4.16</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dumpk4.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dust.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">dumpk4 </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> dust</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>