<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>else</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="syntax-highlighting.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="dust2.html" title="dust2" /> <link rel="next" href="elseif.html" title="elseif" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">else</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dust2.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="elseif.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry"> <a id="else"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexElse" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">else</span> </h2> <p>else — Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472939957176"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472939955896"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis"> <span class="command"> <strong>else</strong> </span> </pre> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472939954008"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>else</em></span> is used inside of a block of code between the <a class="link" href="if.html" title="if"><em class="citetitle">"if...then"</em></a> and <a class="link" href="endif.html" title="endif"><em class="citetitle">endif</em></a> opcodes. It defines which statements are executed when a "if...then" condition is false. Only one <span class="emphasis"><em>else</em></span> statement may occur and it must be the last conditional statement before the <span class="emphasis"><em>endif</em></span> opcode. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472939949496"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the else opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/else.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">else.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idm281472939947720"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 237. Example of the else opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472772360488"></a> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="nt"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="nt"><CsOptions></span> <span class="c1">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="c1">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="c1">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span> <span class="c1">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="c1">; -o else.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="nt"></CsOptions></span> <span class="nt"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="vg">sr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">44100</span> <span class="vg">ksmps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="vg">nchnls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="vg">0dbfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="kd">instr</span> <span class="nf">1</span> i<span class="n">pch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">cpspch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">p4</span><span class="p">)</span> i<span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">p5</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span>i<span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">then</span> k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">adsr</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.95</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">.7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">.5</span> <span class="k">else</span> k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">linseg</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">p3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">endif</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">vco2</span> <span class="mf">.8</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">pch</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="nb">moogvcf</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> i<span class="n">pch</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span>k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">*</span> i<span class="n">pch</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">.5</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">*</span> k<span class="n">env</span> <span class="nb">outs</span> a<span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span> a<span class="n">out</span> <span class="kd">endin</span> <span class="nt"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="nt"><CsScore></span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">8.00</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="nb">i</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mf">8.00</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">e</span> <span class="nt"></CsScore></span> <span class="nt"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472939943384"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="elseif.html" title="elseif"><em class="citetitle">elseif</em></a>, <a class="link" href="endif.html" title="endif"><em class="citetitle">endif</em></a>, <a class="link" href="goto.html" title="goto"><em class="citetitle">goto</em></a>, <a class="link" href="if.html" title="if"><em class="citetitle">if</em></a>, <a class="link" href="igoto.html" title="igoto"><em class="citetitle">igoto</em></a>, <a class="link" href="kgoto.html" title="kgoto"><em class="citetitle">kgoto</em></a>, <a class="link" href="tigoto.html" title="tigoto"><em class="citetitle">tigoto</em></a>, <a class="link" href="timout.html" title="timout"><em class="citetitle">timout</em></a> </p> <p> More information on this opcode: <a class="ulink" href="http://www.csoundjournal.com/2006spring/controlFlow.html" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">http://www.csoundjournal.com/2006spring/controlFlow.html</em></a> , written by Steven Yi </p> </div> <div class="refsect1"> <a id="idm281472939933288"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p>New in version 4.21</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dust2.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="elseif.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">dust2 </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> elseif</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>