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<div style="float: right; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold;">The Apache module for gSOAP</div>
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<div style="float: right; font-size: 10px;">updated Thu Sep 21 2017 by Robert van Engelen</div>
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<div class="title">The Apache module for gSOAP </div> </div>
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<div class="toc"><h3>Table of Contents</h3>
<ul><li class="level1"><a href="#overview">Overview </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#install">Installation </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#deploy">Deploying C services with the Apache module </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#plugins">Initialization and plugins </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#libraries">Dynamic libraries </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#classes">Building C++ services from service classes </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#debug">Troubleshooting </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#limitations">Limitations </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#license">License </a></li>
<li class="level1"><a href="#references">Further reading </a></li>
</ul>
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<div class="textblock"><p>By Christian Aberger, Mick Wall, Robert van Engelen, David Viner, Ryan Troll, and La Cam Chung.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="overview"></a>
Overview </h1>
<p>SOAP/XML and REST Web services can be easily created and deployed as gSOAP standalone services or installed as (Fast)CGI applications. In addition, the <code>mod_gsoap</code> Apache module offers the ability to run gSOAP services directly inside the Apache HTTP server. The <code>mod_gsoap</code> Apache module supports the deployment of multiple gSOAP services that can run together with the usual services on Apache. This approach offers a production-quality Web services deployment scenario.</p>
<p>The <code>mod_gsoap</code> Apache module is designed to keep things simple so that existing gSOAP services can be recompiled for Apache HTTP server deployment without modification of the source code. The Apache <code>apxs</code> command compiles your gSOAP service code and installs it with <code>mod_gsoap</code>. Add your new service to Apache <code>httpd.conf</code> and presto!</p>
<p>The original Apache module for gSOAP home page is at <a href="http://mod-gsoap.sourceforge.net">http://mod-gsoap.sourceforge.net</a>. Newer versions are included in the gSOAP distribution package in the <code>gsoap/mod_gsoap/mod_gsoap-0.9</code> directory.</p>
<p>Apache modules for gSOAP are provided for both Apache 1.3 and 2.x. In the following we will discuss the Apache module for Apache 2.x.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="install"></a>
Installation </h1>
<p>First download the <a href="https://httpd.apache.org">Apache httpd</a> source code and install the httpd server in a new directory, say <code>apachegsoap</code>: </p><pre class="fragment">mkdir apachegsoap
cd apachegsoap
tar -xjf httpd-2.4.27.tar.bz2
cd httpd-2.4.27
./configure --prefix=`pwd`/.. --with-mpm=worker --enable-mods-shared=most
make -j4
make install
</pre><p>If configure fails with "error: APR not found" or "error: APR-util not found", download and install the <a href="http://apr.apache.org">Apache Portable Runtime</a> (APR).</p>
<p>To use the Apache extension mechanism, your platform has to support the DSO feature and your Apache <code>httpd</code> binary has to be built with the <code>mod_so</code> module. The <code>apxs</code> tool automatically complains if this is not the case. You can check this yourself by manually running the <code>httpd -l</code> command (installed locally in <code>apachegsoap/bin</code> with the instructions above): </p><pre class="fragment">cd apachegsoap
bin/httpd -l
</pre><p>The module <code>mod_so</code> should be on the displayed list of modules.</p>
<p>Next, we will build and install <code>mod_gsoap</code> for Apache 2.x and up. The source code files are located under <code>gsoap/mod_gsoap/mod_gsoap-0.9/apache_20</code> and include <code><a class="el" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html">apache_gsoap.h</a></code>, <code><a class="el" href="mod__gsoap_8c.html">mod_gsoap.c</a></code>, and a Visual Studio project file <code>mod_gsoap.vcproj</code>.</p>
<p>To compile <code>mod_gsoap</code>, execute: </p><pre class="fragment">cd /path/to/gsoap/installation/gsoap/mod_gsoap/mod_gsoap-0.9/apache_20
ln -s ../../../stdsoap2.h .
sudo $HOME/apachegsoap/bin/apxs -a -i -c mod_gsoap.c
</pre><p>Root permissions are required, so we used <code>sudo apxs</code> here.</p>
<p>The <code>apxs</code> command should be on your path or located in <code>apachegsoap/bin</code> where we installed httpd. Make sure to use <code>$HOME/apachegsoap/bin/apxs</code> if multiple httpd versions are installed.</p>
<p>If a specific C compiler is required, say <code>cc</code>, then try <code>apxs -S CC=cc ...</code>.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="deploy"></a>
Deploying C services with the Apache module </h1>
<p>After building <code>mod_gsoap</code> we are ready to deploy gSOAP services written in C with the Apache module.</p>
<p>The gSOAP package contains a calculator example. We will use this example to walk you through the creation and deployment of an Apache module gSOAP service.</p>
<p>First, copy the calculator example: </p><pre class="fragment">cd apachegsoap
cp /path/to/gsoap/installation/gsoap/samples/calc/* .
cp /path/to/gsoap/installation/gsoap/stdsoap2.* .
cp /path/to/gsoap/installation/gsoap/mod_gsoap/mod_gsoap-0.9/apache_20/apache_gsoap.h .
</pre><p>Next, edit <code>calcserver.c</code> by removing <code>main()</code> and replace it with <code><a class="el" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#a044247a029c4997b5b22bba46d3ef233">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER()</a></code> as follows:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "<a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html">apache_gsoap.h</a>"</span></div><div class="line"><a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#a044247a029c4997b5b22bba46d3ef233">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER</a>() <span class="comment">/* replaces main() { ... } */</span></div></div><!-- fragment --><p>To initialize the engine context with flags and/or plugins, see <a class="el" href="index.html#plugins">Initialization and plugins </a>.</p>
<p>Then compile and build the service: </p><pre class="fragment">soapcpp2 -c -SL -wx calc.h
bin/apxs -a -c calcserver.c soapC.c soapServer.c stdsoap2.c
chmod 755 .libs/calcserver.so
</pre><p>Again, the <code>apxs</code> command should be on your path or located in <code>apachegsoap/bin</code> where we installed httpd. Make sure to use <code>$HOME/apachegsoap/bin/apxs</code> if multiple httpd versions are installed.</p>
<p>This creates <code>.libs/calcserver.so</code> service module that is universally readable. Also make sure that <code>.libs/calcserver.so</code> is readable through the entire path, that is through <code>/home/username/apachegsoap/.libs</code> where <code>username</code> is your user account name.</p>
<p>If you have installed source files in other directories, then you will need to add appropriate <code>-I</code> and <code>-L</code> options with the <code>apxs</code> command shown above.</p>
<p>To deploy the service, we will need to add our module with its properties to <code>httpd.conf</code> (for example we can add it at the end): </p><pre class="fragment"><IfModule mod_gsoap.c>
<Location /soap>
SetHandler gsoap_handler
SOAPLibrary /home/username/apachegsoap/.libs/calcserver.so
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Location>
</IfModule>
</pre><p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> file is usually found under <code>/private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf</code>. However, since we use a locally installed Apache <code>httpd</code> server that searches the <code>/home/username/apachegsoap</code> path, you will find <code>httpd.conf</code> in <code>/home/username/apachegsoap/conf</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>Location</code> property sets part of the URL of the service, which in this case will be <code><a href="http://localhost/soap">http://localhost/soap</a></code> or if you set a port that is different than the standard HTTP port 80, say 9080, the full URL is <code><a href="http://localhost:9080/soap">http://localhost:9080/soap</a></code>. To change the port from 80 to 9080, edit <code>httpd.conf</code> and change <code>Listen</code>: </p><pre class="fragment">Listen 9080
</pre><p>To start the service: </p><pre class="fragment">cd apachegsoap
bin/apachectl start
</pre><p>Point your browser to <code><a href="http://localhost:9080">http://localhost:9080</a></code> and the page should show the message "It works!".</p>
<p>To stop the server: </p><pre class="fragment">bin/apachectl stop
</pre><p>To use the service by client applications, direct the endpoint URL of clients to "http://localhost:9080/soap", for example in the <code>calcclient.c</code> code that came with the gSOAP example:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> server[] = <span class="stringliteral">"http://localhost:9080/soap"</span>;</div></div><!-- fragment --><p>Then we build the client: </p><pre class="fragment">soapcpp2 -c -CL -wx calc.h
cc -o calcclient calcclient.c soapC.c soapClient.c stdsoap2.c
</pre><p>and run it: </p><pre class="fragment">./calcclient add 2 3
result = 5
</pre><p>To let clients access the WSDL of a service, you can use the query <code>?wsdl</code> as part of the URL such as <code><a href="http://localhost:9080/soap?wsdl">http://localhost:9080/soap?wsdl</a></code> to pull the file <code>calc.wsdl</code> from the current location of the service. To do so, copy the <code>calc.wsdl</code> file there to make it available to the Apache server.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="plugins"></a>
Initialization and plugins </h1>
<p>By replacing <code>main()</code> with <code><a class="el" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#a044247a029c4997b5b22bba46d3ef233">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER()</a></code>, several functions are implemented that are used by the Apache module for gSOAP. These functions include <code><a class="el" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#a09db8c18a5744c942c93ac87876cbff1">apache_default_soap_init()</a></code> to initialize a newly constructed context.</p>
<p>With gSOAP 2.8.54 and greater we can add our own initialization function to initialize the context. By doing so we can set context flags and register plugins. To define our own initialization function we use <code><a class="el" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#aa9f6f697cc5fd4ab9e8692c3a97e4a74">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER_INIT(init_func)</a></code> instead of <code><a class="el" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#a044247a029c4997b5b22bba46d3ef233">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER()</a></code>:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "plugin/logging.h"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "<a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html">apache_gsoap.h</a>"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">void</span> mod_gsoap_init(<span class="keyword">struct</span> soap *soap, request_rec *r)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> FILE *fdi = fopen(<span class="stringliteral">"/tmp/INBOUNDAUDIT.log"</span>, <span class="stringliteral">"a"</span>);</div><div class="line"> FILE *fdo = fopen(<span class="stringliteral">"/tmp/OUTBOUNDAUDIT.log"</span>, <span class="stringliteral">"a"</span>);</div><div class="line"> soap_set_mode(soap, SOAP_XML_INDENT | SOAP_ENC_MTOM);</div><div class="line"> soap_register_plugin(soap, logging);</div><div class="line"> soap_set_logging_inbound(soap, fdi);</div><div class="line"> soap_set_logging_outbound(soap, fdo);</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"><a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#aa9f6f697cc5fd4ab9e8692c3a97e4a74">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER_INIT</a>(mod_gsoap_init) <span class="comment">/* replaces main() { ... } */</span></div></div><!-- fragment --><p>This enables XML indentation, MTOM attachments, and saves the audit logs of inbound and outbound messages (note that messages are not frequently flushed to the log files by the logging plugin, meaning the logs may appear incomplete until you stop httpd to close these files). The gsoap/plugin/logging.h and logging.c files are located in the gSOAP source code tree. Add logging.c to the apxs command to compile the source code files.</p>
<p>Your can include multiple registrations of plugins as needed.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="libraries"></a>
Dynamic libraries </h1>
<p>If you are using dynamic libraries to deploy services with <code>mod_gsoap</code>, then those should be closed propertly to avoid memory leaks. To do so add:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">dlclose(pConfig->m_pLibraries->m_pSOAPLibrary->m_hLibrary);</div></div><!-- fragment --><p>at the end of the <code><a class="el" href="mod__gsoap_8c.html#a169e2de583e9017593f873dcf1f2173b">gsoap_handler()</a></code> function in <code><a class="el" href="mod__gsoap_8c.html">mod_gsoap.c</a></code>.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="classes"></a>
Building C++ services from service classes </h1>
<p>The Apache server is written in C. Building Apache modules in C++ is tricky and cannot be fully guaranteed due to compiler differences. Several online resources exist that can help to implement C++ modules for Apache 2.0. If this fails, the best alternative is to use FastCGI (see gSOAP user guide on "FastCGI
Support").</p>
<p>When using C++ gSOAP service classes generated by <code>soapcpp2</code> options <code>-i</code> or <code>-j</code> we need to implement the C function <code>soap_serve()</code> that dispatches the services.</p>
<p>We will walk through the implementation of a service using the same calculator example demonstrated above.</p>
<p>First, run <code>soapcpp2</code> with option <code>-j</code> to generate a service class: </p><pre class="fragment">soapcpp2 -j -SL -wx calc.h
</pre><p>Create a new <code>calcerver.cpp</code> file with the following code:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "soapcalcService.h"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "calc.nsmap"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "<a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html">apache_gsoap.h</a>"</span></div><div class="line"><a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#a044247a029c4997b5b22bba46d3ef233">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER</a>()</div><div class="line">extern "C" <span class="keywordtype">int</span> soap_serve(struct soap *soap)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> calcService service(soap);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> err = service.serve();</div><div class="line"> service.destroy();</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> err;</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> calcService::add(<span class="keywordtype">double</span> a, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> b, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> *result)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> *result = a + b;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SOAP_OK;</div><div class="line">} </div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> calcService::sub(<span class="keywordtype">double</span> a, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> b, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> *result)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> *result = a - b;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SOAP_OK;</div><div class="line">} </div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> calcService::mul(<span class="keywordtype">double</span> a, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> b, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> *result)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> *result = a * b;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SOAP_OK;</div><div class="line">} </div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> calcService::div(<span class="keywordtype">double</span> a, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> b, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> *result)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> *result = b != 0 ? a / b : 0.0;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SOAP_OK;</div><div class="line">} </div><div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> calcService::pow(<span class="keywordtype">double</span> a, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> b, <span class="keywordtype">double</span> *result)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> *result = ::pow(a, b);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> SOAP_OK;</div><div class="line">}</div></div><!-- fragment --><p>Here, <code>calcService</code> is the service class defined in the generated <code>soapcalcService.h</code> and <code>soapcalcService.cpp</code> files.</p>
<p>The <code>apxs</code> command is used to compile as follows, with the <code>-S CC=c++</code> option: </p><pre class="fragment">bin/apxs -a -c -S CC=c++ calcserver.cpp soapC.cpp soapcalcService.cpp stdsoap2.cpp
chmod 755 .lib/calcserver.so
</pre><p>This creates <code>.libs/calcserver.so</code> service module that is universally readable. Also make sure that <code>.libs/calcserver.so</code> is readable through the entire path, that is through <code>/home/username/apachegsoap/.libs</code>.</p>
<p>After compilation, the new module should be added to <code>httpd.conf</code> as was explained above.</p>
<p>When multiple service classes are defined, when <code>soapcpp2 -j</code> is applied to multiple <code>.h</code> files, then you have two options:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>create an <code>.so</code> library for each service with the <code>apxs</code> command and add each module to <code>httpd.conf</code> with a new <code>Location</code> property.</li>
<li>create one <code>.so</code> library with the services combined, all listening to the same service URL. Only one module is added to <code>httpd.conf</code> since the <code>Location</code> property is the same. Note that the <code>?wsdl</code> query is not as useful in this case, since we cannot publicize the service WSDLs combined.</li>
</ol>
<p>The second option requires C++ namespaces as explained in section "How to Chain
C++ Server Classes to Accept Messages on the Same Port" in the gSOAP user guide. Basically, you should chain the services as follows:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include "<a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html">apache_gsoap.h</a>"</span></div><div class="line"><a class="code" href="apache__gsoap_8h.html#a044247a029c4997b5b22bba46d3ef233">IMPLEMENT_GSOAP_SERVER</a>()</div><div class="line">extern "C" <span class="keywordtype">int</span> soap_serve(struct soap *soap)</div><div class="line">{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> err;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> ((err = soap_begin_serve(soap)) == SOAP_OK)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> X::Service service_x(soap);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> ((err = service_x.dispatch()) == SOAP_NO_METHOD)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> Y::Service service_y(soap);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> ((err = service_y.dispatch()) == SOAP_NO_METHOD)</div><div class="line"> {</div><div class="line"> Z::Service service_z(soap);</div><div class="line"> err = service_z.dispatch();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> } </div><div class="line"> soap_destroy(soap);</div><div class="line"> soap_end(soap);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> err;</div><div class="line">}</div></div><!-- fragment --><h1><a class="anchor" id="debug"></a>
Troubleshooting </h1>
<p>It is recommended to test the service first as a stand-alone server over a port using <code>soap_bind()</code> and <code>soap_accept()</code>. Debugging is much easier this way.</p>
<p>After testing as a stand-alone server, to debug the service with the Apache module, compile your service application with compiler option <code>-g</code> (apxs option <code>-Wc,-g</code>to control debug information output. For example: </p><pre class="fragment">bin/apxs -Wc,-g -a -c calcserver.c soapC.c soapServer.c stdsoap2.c
</pre><p>Debug the service as it is deployed while <code>httpd</code> is running. To do so, we first stop the service and start it up in single threaded mode so we can attach to it to a debugger such as <code>gdb</code> or <code>lldb</code>: </p><pre class="fragment">cd apachegsoap
bin/apachectl stop
bin/httpd -X -f /home/username/apachegsoap/conf/httpd.conf &
</pre><p>You will get a process ID, say 12345, which we will attach to a debugger: </p><pre class="fragment">gdb -p 12345
</pre><p>You will see a load of symbols loading, including <code>mod_gsoap.so</code>.</p>
<p>Next, we set a breakpoint on the <code>soap_serve</code> call (the main entry point), let <code>gdb</code> know that we accept the pending breakpoint, and then continue the process: </p><pre class="fragment">(gdb) b soap_serve
Function "soap_serve" not defined.
Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y
Breakpoint 1 (soap_serve) pending.
(gdb) c
Continuing.
</pre><p>We execute our <code>calcclient</code> from another window, which triggers the breakpoint. </p><pre class="fragment">[Switching to Thread 0x7f3fbd209950 (LWP 25493)]
Breakpoint 1, 0x00007f3fb059e398 in soap_serve () from /home/username/apachegsoap/gsoap-2.8/gsoap/samples/calc/.libs/calcserver.so
Current language: auto; currently asm
(gdb) n
Single stepping until exit from function soap_serve,
which has no line number information.
0x00007f3fb05a5eec in apache_default_soap_serve () from /home/username/apachegsoap/gsoap-2.8/gsoap/samples/calc/.libs/calcserver.so
(gdb)
</pre><p>Note that when Apache <code>httpd</code> runs as user <code>wwwrun</code> (or another user) then you will have to run the debugger as that same user. To do so, execute: </p><pre class="fragment">sudo -u wwwrun gdb /usr/sbin/httpd2-worker 25487
</pre><p>When failures occur, see also the error logs that are saved by httpd to <code>/home/username/apachegsoap/logs/error_log</code>.</p>
<p>Thanks to Jon Scobie for suggestions to improve this section.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="limitations"></a>
Limitations </h1>
<p>The gSOAP Apache module does not support receiving DIME protocol messages with attachments. MIME and MTOM attachments are supported.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="license"></a>
License </h1>
<p>The Apache modules for gSOAP are released under the gSOAP open source public license (compatible with commercial licensing) and GPLv2.</p>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="references"></a>
Further reading </h1>
<p><a href="http://techiebitsandpieces.blogspot.com/2011/03/all-things-modgsoap.html">All things <code>mod_gsoap</code></a> by Jon Scobie</p>
<p><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi">Apache HTTP server project</a>. </p>
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