<HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >append_by_ref()</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="Smarty Manual" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Smarty Class Methods()" HREF="api.functions.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="append()" HREF="api.append.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="assign()" HREF="api.assign.html"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="refentry" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center" >Smarty Manual</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="api.append.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="80%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="api.assign.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><H1 ><A NAME="api.append.by.ref" ></A >append_by_ref()</H1 ><DIV CLASS="refnamediv" ><A NAME="AEN5414" ></A >append_by_ref() -- append values by reference</DIV ><DIV CLASS="refsect1" ><A NAME="AEN5417" ></A ><H2 >Description</H2 >void <B CLASS="methodname" >append_by_ref</B > ( string varname, mixed var [, bool merge])<BR ></BR ><P > This is used to <A HREF="api.append.html" ><TT CLASS="varname" >append()</TT ></A > values to the templates by reference. If you append a variable by reference then change its value, the appended value sees the change as well. For <A HREF="advanced.features.html#advanced.features.objects" >objects</A >, <TT CLASS="varname" >append_by_ref()</TT > also avoids an in-memory copy of the appended object. See the PHP manual on variable referencing for an in-depth explanation. If you pass the optional third parameter of <TT CLASS="constant" >TRUE</TT >, the value will be merged with the current array instead of appended. </P ><DIV CLASS="note" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="note" ><P ><B >Technical Note: </B > The <TT CLASS="parameter" ><I >merge</I ></TT > parameter respects array keys, so if you merge two numerically indexed arrays, they may overwrite each other or result in non-sequential keys. This is unlike the PHP <A HREF="http://php.net/array_merge" TARGET="_top" > <TT CLASS="varname" >array_merge()</TT ></A > function which wipes out numerical keys and renumbers them. </P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ><TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" CLASS="EXAMPLE" ><TR ><TD ><DIV CLASS="example" ><A NAME="AEN5443" ></A ><P ><B >Example 13-1. append_by_ref</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0" CELLPADDING="5" ><TR ><TD ><code><span style="color: #000000"> <span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// appending name/value pairs<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$smarty</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">append_by_ref</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Name'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$myname</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$smarty</span><span style="color: #007700">-></span><span style="color: #0000BB">append_by_ref</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Address'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$address</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span> </span> </code></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P > See also <A HREF="api.append.html" ><TT CLASS="varname" >append()</TT ></A >, <A HREF="api.assign.html" ><TT CLASS="varname" >assign()</TT ></A > and <A HREF="api.get.template.vars.html" ><TT CLASS="varname" >get_template_vars()</TT ></A >. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="api.append.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="api.assign.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >append()</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="api.functions.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >assign()</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >