<!-- <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"> -->
<chapter id="installing-bugzilla">
<title>Installing Bugzilla</title>
<section id="installation">
<title>Installation</title>
<note>
<para>If you just want to <emphasis>use</emphasis> Bugzilla,
you do not need to install it. None of this chapter is relevant to
you. Ask your Bugzilla administrator for the URL to access it from
your web browser.
</para>
</note>
<para>The Bugzilla server software is usually installed on Linux or
Solaris.
If you are installing on another OS, check <xref linkend="os-specific"/>
before you start your installation to see if there are any special
instructions.
</para>
<para>This guide assumes that you have administrative access to the
Bugzilla machine. It not possible to
install and run Bugzilla itself without administrative access except
in the very unlikely event that every single prerequisite is
already installed.
</para>
<warning>
<para>The installation process may make your machine insecure for
short periods of time. Make sure there is a firewall between you
and the Internet.
</para>
</warning>
<para>
You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system
before installing Bugzilla (and at regular intervals thereafter :-).
</para>
<para>In outline, the installation proceeds as follows:
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para><link linkend="install-perl">Install Perl</link>
(&min-perl-ver; or above)
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para><link linkend="install-database">Install a Database Engine</link>
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para><link linkend="install-webserver">Install a Webserver</link>
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para><link linkend="install-bzfiles">Install Bugzilla</link>
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para><link linkend="install-perlmodules">Install Perl modules</link>
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
<link linkend="install-MTA">Install a Mail Transfer Agent</link>
(Sendmail 8.7 or above, or an MTA that is Sendmail-compatible with at least this version)
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Configure all of the above.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<section id="install-perl">
<title>Perl</title>
<para>Installed Version Test: <programlisting>perl -v</programlisting></para>
<para>Any machine that doesn't have Perl on it is a sad machine indeed.
If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
visit <ulink url="http://www.perl.org"/>.
Although Bugzilla runs with Perl &min-perl-ver;,
it's a good idea to be using the latest stable version.
</para>
</section>
<section id="install-database">
<title>Database Engine</title>
<para>
Bugzilla supports MySQL, PostgreSQL and Oracle as database servers.
You only require one of these systems to make use of Bugzilla.
</para>
<section id="install-mysql">
<title>MySQL</title>
<para>Installed Version Test: <programlisting>mysql -V</programlisting></para>
<para>
If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
visit <ulink url="http://www.mysql.com"/>. You need MySQL version
&min-mysql-ver; or higher.
</para>
<note>
<para> Many of the binary
versions of MySQL store their data files in
<filename class="directory">/var</filename>.
On some Unix systems, this is part of a smaller root partition,
and may not have room for your bug database. To change the data
directory, you have to build MySQL from source yourself, and
set it as an option to <filename>configure</filename>.</para>
</note>
<para>If you install from something other than a packaging/installation
system, such as .rpm (Redhat Package), .deb (Debian Package), .exe
(Windows Executable), or .msi (Microsoft Installer), make sure the MySQL
server is started when the machine boots.
</para>
</section>
<section id="install-pg">
<title>PostgreSQL</title>
<para>Installed Version Test: <programlisting>psql -V</programlisting></para>
<para>
If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
visit <ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/"/>. You need PostgreSQL
version &min-pg-ver; or higher.
</para>
<para>If you install from something other than a packaging/installation
system, such as .rpm (Redhat Package), .deb (Debian Package), .exe
(Windows Executable), or .msi (Microsoft Installer), make sure the
PostgreSQL server is started when the machine boots.
</para>
</section>
<section id="install-oracle">
<title>Oracle</title>
<para>
Installed Version Test: <programlisting>select * from v$version</programlisting>
(you first have to log in into your DB)
</para>
<para>
If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
visit <ulink url="http://www.oracle.com/"/>. You need Oracle
version &min-oracle-ver; or higher.
</para>
<para>
If you install from something other than a packaging/installation
system, such as .rpm (Redhat Package), .deb (Debian Package), .exe
(Windows Executable), or .msi (Microsoft Installer), make sure the
Oracle server is started when the machine boots.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="install-webserver">
<title>Web Server</title>
<para>Installed Version Test: view the default welcome page at
http://<your-machine>/</para>
<para>You have freedom of choice here, pretty much any web server that
is capable of running <glossterm linkend="gloss-cgi">CGI</glossterm>
scripts will work.
However, we strongly recommend using the Apache web server
(either 1.3.x or 2.x), and
the installation instructions usually assume you are
using it. If you have got Bugzilla working using another web server,
please share your experiences with us by filing a bug in &bzg-bugs;.
</para>
<para>
If you don't have Apache and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
visit <ulink url="http://httpd.apache.org/"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="install-bzfiles">
<title>Bugzilla</title>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/download/">Download a Bugzilla tarball</ulink>
(or check it out from CVS) and place
it in a suitable directory, accessible by the default web server user
(probably <quote>apache</quote> or <quote>www</quote>).
Good locations are either directly in the web server's document directories or
in <filename>/usr/local</filename> with a symbolic link to the web server's
document directories or an alias in the web server's configuration.
</para>
<caution>
<para>The default Bugzilla distribution is NOT designed to be placed
in a <filename class="directory">cgi-bin</filename> directory. This
includes any directory which is configured using the
<option>ScriptAlias</option> directive of Apache.
</para>
</caution>
<para>Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that
directory writable by your web server's user. This is a temporary step
until you run the
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename>
script, which locks down your installation.</para>
</section>
<section id="install-perlmodules">
<title>Perl Modules</title>
<para>Bugzilla's installation process is based
on a script called <filename>checksetup.pl</filename>.
The first thing it checks is whether you have appropriate
versions of all the required
Perl modules. The aim of this section is to pass this check.
When it passes, proceed to <xref linkend="configuration"/>.
</para>
<para>
At this point, you need to <filename>su</filename> to root. You should
remain as root until the end of the install. To check you have the
required modules, run:
</para>
<screen><prompt>bash#</prompt> ./checksetup.pl --check-modules</screen>
<para>
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename> will print out a list of the
required and optional Perl modules, together with the versions
(if any) installed on your machine.
The list of required modules is reasonably long; however, you
may already have several of them installed.
</para>
<para>
The preferred way to install missing Perl modules is to use the package
manager provided by your operating system (e.g <quote>rpm</quote> or
<quote>yum</quote> on Linux distros, or <quote>ppm</quote> on Windows
if using ActivePerl, see <xref linkend="win32-perl-modules"/>).
If some Perl modules are still missing or are too old, then we recommend
using the <filename>install-module.pl</filename> script (doesn't work
with ActivePerl on Windows). If for some reason you really need to
install the Perl modules manually, see
<xref linkend="install-perlmodules-manual"/>. For instance, on Unix,
you invoke <filename>install-module.pl</filename> as follows:
</para>
<screen><prompt>bash#</prompt> perl install-module.pl <modulename></screen>
<tip>
<para>Many people complain that Perl modules will not install for
them. Most times, the error messages complain that they are missing a
file in
<quote>@INC</quote>.
Virtually every time, this error is due to permissions being set too
restrictively for you to compile Perl modules or not having the
necessary Perl development libraries installed on your system.
Consult your local UNIX systems administrator for help solving these
permissions issues; if you
<emphasis>are</emphasis>
the local UNIX sysadmin, please consult the newsgroup/mailing list
for further assistance or hire someone to help you out.</para>
</tip>
<note>
<para>If you are using a package-based system, and attempting to install the
Perl modules from CPAN, you may need to install the "development" packages for
MySQL and GD before attempting to install the related Perl modules. The names of
these packages will vary depending on the specific distribution you are using,
but are often called <filename><packagename>-devel</filename>.</para>
</note>
<para>
Here is a complete list of modules and their minimum versions.
Some modules have special installation notes, which follow.
</para>
<para>Required Perl modules:
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
CGI (&min-cgi-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Date::Format (&min-date-format-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
DateTime (&min-datetime-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
DateTime::TimeZone (&min-datetime-timezone-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
DBI (&min-dbi-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
DBD::mysql (&min-dbd-mysql-ver;) if using MySQL
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
DBD::Pg (&min-dbd-pg-ver;) if using PostgreSQL
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
DBD::Oracle (&min-dbd-oracle-ver;) if using Oracle
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Digest::SHA (&min-digest-sha-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Email::Send (&min-email-send-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Email::MIME (&min-email-mime-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Email::MIME::Encodings (&min-email-mime-encodings-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Email::MIME::Modifier (&min-email-mime-modifier-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Template (&min-template-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
URI (&min-uri-ver;)
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
Optional Perl modules:
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
GD (&min-gd-ver;) for bug charting
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Template::Plugin::GD::Image
(&min-template-plugin-gd-image-ver;) for Graphical Reports
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Chart::Lines (&min-chart-lines-ver;) for bug charting
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GD::Graph (&min-gd-graph-ver;) for bug charting
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GD::Text (&min-gd-text-ver;) for bug charting
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
XML::Twig (&min-xml-twig-ver;) for bug import/export
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
MIME::Parser (&min-mime-parser-ver;) for bug import/export
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
LWP::UserAgent
(&min-lwp-useragent-ver;) for Automatic Update Notifications
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
PatchReader (&min-patchreader-ver;) for pretty HTML view of patches
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Net::LDAP
(&min-net-ldap-ver;) for LDAP Authentication
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Authen::SASL
(&min-authen-sasl-ver;) for SASL Authentication
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Authen::Radius
(&min-authen-radius-ver;) for RADIUS Authentication
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
SOAP::Lite (&min-soap-lite-ver;) for the web service interface
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
JSON::RPC
(&min-json-rpc-ver;) for the JSON-RPC interface
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Test::Taint
(&min-test-taint-ver;) for the web service interface
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
HTML::Parser
(&min-html-parser-ver;) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
HTML::Scrubber
(&min-html-scrubber-ver;) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Email::MIME::Attachment::Stripper
(&min-email-mime-attachment-stripper-ver;) for Inbound Email
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Email::Reply
(&min-email-reply-ver;) for Inbound Email
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
TheSchwartz
(&min-theschwartz-ver;) for Mail Queueing
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Daemon::Generic
(&min-daemon-generic-ver;) for Mail Queueing
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
mod_perl2
(&min-mod_perl2-ver;) for mod_perl
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</section>
<section id="install-MTA">
<title>Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)</title>
<para>
Bugzilla is dependent on the availability of an e-mail system for its
user authentication and for other tasks.
</para>
<note>
<para>
This is not entirely true. It is possible to completely disable
email sending, or to have Bugzilla store email messages in a
file instead of sending them. However, this is mainly intended
for testing, as disabling or diverting email on a production
machine would mean that users could miss important events (such
as bug changes or the creation of new accounts).
</para>
<para>
For more information, see the <quote>mail_delivery_method</quote> parameter
in <xref linkend="parameters" />.
</para>
</note>
<para>
On Linux, any Sendmail-compatible MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) will
suffice. Sendmail, Postfix, qmail and Exim are examples of common
MTAs. Sendmail is the original Unix MTA, but the others are easier to
configure, and therefore many people replace Sendmail with Postfix or
Exim. They are drop-in replacements, so Bugzilla will not
distinguish between them.
</para>
<para>
If you are using Sendmail, version 8.7 or higher is required.
If you are using a Sendmail-compatible MTA, it must be congruent with
at least version 8.7 of Sendmail.
</para>
<para>
Consult the manual for the specific MTA you choose for detailed
installation instructions. Each of these programs will have their own
configuration files where you must configure certain parameters to
ensure that the mail is delivered properly. They are implemented
as services, and you should ensure that the MTA is in the auto-start
list of services for the machine.
</para>
<para>
If a simple mail sent with the command-line 'mail' program
succeeds, then Bugzilla should also be fine.
</para>
</section>
<section id="using-mod_perl-with-bugzilla">
<title>Installing Bugzilla on mod_perl</title>
<para>It is now possible to run the Bugzilla software under <literal>mod_perl</literal> on
Apache. <literal>mod_perl</literal> has some additional requirements to that of running
Bugzilla under <literal>mod_cgi</literal> (the standard and previous way).</para>
<para>Bugzilla requires <literal>mod_perl</literal> to be installed, which can be
obtained from <ulink url="http://perl.apache.org"/> - Bugzilla requires
version &min-mod_perl2-ver; (AKA 2.0.0-RC5) to be installed.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>
<warning>
<para>
Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have
given attackers full access to systems in the past. Please take the
security parts of these guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla
machines hidden away behind your firewall. Be certain to read
<xref linkend="security"/> for some important security tips.
</para>
</warning>
<section id="localconfig">
<title>localconfig</title>
<para>
You should now run <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> again, this time
without the <literal>--check-modules</literal> switch.
</para>
<screen><prompt>bash#</prompt> ./checksetup.pl</screen>
<para>
This time, <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> should tell you that all
the correct modules are installed and will display a message about, and
write out a file called, <filename>localconfig</filename>. This file
contains the default settings for a number of Bugzilla parameters.
</para>
<para>
Load this file in your editor. The only two values you
<emphasis>need</emphasis> to change are $db_driver and $db_pass,
respectively the type of the database and the password for
the user you will create for your database. Pick a strong
password (for simplicity, it should not contain single quote
characters) and put it here. $db_driver can be either 'mysql',
'Pg' or 'oracle'.
</para>
<note>
<para>
In Oracle, <literal>$db_name</literal> should actually be
the SID name of your database (e.g. "XE" if you are using Oracle XE).
</para>
</note>
<para>
You may need to change the value of
<emphasis>webservergroup</emphasis> if your web server does not
run in the "apache" group. On Debian, for example, Apache runs in
the "www-data" group. If you are going to run Bugzilla on a
machine where you do not have root access (such as on a shared web
hosting account), you will need to leave
<emphasis>webservergroup</emphasis> empty, ignoring the warnings
that <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> will subsequently display
every time it is run.
</para>
<caution>
<para>
If you are using suexec, you should use your own primary group
for <emphasis>webservergroup</emphasis> rather than leaving it
empty, and see the additional directions in the suexec section
<xref linkend="suexec" />.
</para>
</caution>
<para>
The other options in the <filename>localconfig</filename> file
are documented by their accompanying comments. If you have a slightly
non-standard database setup, you may wish to change one or more of
the other "$db_*" parameters.
</para>
</section>
<section id="database-engine">
<title>Database Server</title>
<para>
This section deals with configuring your database server for use
with Bugzilla. Currently, MySQL (<xref linkend="mysql"/>),
PostgreSQL (<xref linkend="postgresql"/>) and Oracle (<xref linkend="oracle"/>)
are available.
</para>
<section id="database-schema">
<title>Bugzilla Database Schema</title>
<para>
The Bugzilla database schema is available at
<ulink url="http://www.ravenbrook.com/project/p4dti/tool/cgi/bugzilla-schema/">Ravenbrook</ulink>.
This very valuable tool can generate a written description of
the Bugzilla database schema for any version of Bugzilla. It
can also generate a diff between two versions to help someone
see what has changed.
</para>
</section>
<section id="mysql">
<title>MySQL</title>
<caution>
<para>
MySQL's default configuration is insecure.
We highly recommend to run <filename>mysql_secure_installation</filename>
on Linux or the MySQL installer on Windows, and follow the instructions.
Important points to note are:
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Be sure that the root account has a secure password set.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Do not create an anonymous account, and if it exists, say "yes"
to remove it.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If your web server and MySQL server are on the same machine,
you should disable the network access.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</para>
</caution>
<section id="mysql-max-allowed-packet">
<title>Allow large attachments and many comments</title>
<para>By default, MySQL will only allow you to insert things
into the database that are smaller than 1MB. Attachments
may be larger than this. Also, Bugzilla combines all comments
on a single bug into one field for full-text searching, and the
combination of all comments on a single bug could in some cases
be larger than 1MB.</para>
<para>To change MySQL's default, you need to edit your MySQL
configuration file, which is usually <filename>/etc/my.cnf</filename>
on Linux. We recommend that you allow at least 4MB packets by
adding the "max_allowed_packet" parameter to your MySQL
configuration in the "[mysqld]" section, like this:</para>
<screen>[mysqld]
# Allow packets up to 4MB
max_allowed_packet=4M
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>Allow small words in full-text indexes</title>
<para>By default, words must be at least four characters in length
in order to be indexed by MySQL's full-text indexes. This causes
a lot of Bugzilla specific words to be missed, including "cc",
"ftp" and "uri".</para>
<para>MySQL can be configured to index those words by setting the
ft_min_word_len param to the minimum size of the words to index.
This can be done by modifying the <filename>/etc/my.cnf</filename>
according to the example below:</para>
<screen> [mysqld]
# Allow small words in full-text indexes
ft_min_word_len=2</screen>
<para>Rebuilding the indexes can be done based on documentation found at
<ulink url="http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Fulltext_Fine-tuning.html"/>.
</para>
</section>
<section id="install-setupdatabase-adduser">
<title>Add a user to MySQL</title>
<para>
You need to add a new MySQL user for Bugzilla to use.
(It's not safe to have Bugzilla use the MySQL root account.)
The following instructions assume the defaults in
<filename>localconfig</filename>; if you changed those,
you need to modify the SQL command appropriately. You will
need the <replaceable>$db_pass</replaceable> password you
set in <filename>localconfig</filename> in
<xref linkend="localconfig"/>.
</para>
<para>
We use an SQL <command>GRANT</command> command to create
a <quote>bugs</quote> user. This also restricts the
<quote>bugs</quote>user to operations within a database
called <quote>bugs</quote>, and only allows the account
to connect from <quote>localhost</quote>. Modify it to
reflect your setup if you will be connecting from another
machine or as a different user.
</para>
<para>
Run the <filename>mysql</filename> command-line client and enter:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>mysql></prompt> GRANT SELECT, INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, LOCK TABLES,
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, DROP, REFERENCES ON bugs.*
TO bugs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '<replaceable>$db_pass</replaceable>';
<prompt>mysql></prompt> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>Permit attachments table to grow beyond 4GB</title>
<para>
By default, MySQL will limit the size of a table to 4GB.
This limit is present even if the underlying filesystem
has no such limit. To set a higher limit, follow these
instructions.
</para>
<para>
After you have completed the rest of the installation (or at least the
database setup parts), you should run the <filename>MySQL</filename>
command-line client and enter the following, replacing <literal>$bugs_db</literal>
with your Bugzilla database name (<emphasis>bugs</emphasis> by default):
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>mysql></prompt> use <replaceable>$bugs_db</replaceable>
<prompt>mysql></prompt> ALTER TABLE attachments
AVG_ROW_LENGTH=1000000, MAX_ROWS=20000;
</screen>
<para>
The above command will change the limit to 20GB. Mysql will have
to make a temporary copy of your entire table to do this. Ideally,
you should do this when your attachments table is still small.
</para>
<note>
<para>
This does not affect Big Files, attachments that are stored directly
on disk instead of in the database.
</para>
</note>
</section>
</section>
<section id="postgresql">
<title>PostgreSQL</title>
<section>
<title>Add a User to PostgreSQL</title>
<para>You need to add a new user to PostgreSQL for the Bugzilla
application to use when accessing the database. The following instructions
assume the defaults in <filename>localconfig</filename>; if you
changed those, you need to modify the commands appropriately. You will
need the <replaceable>$db_pass</replaceable> password you
set in <filename>localconfig</filename> in
<xref linkend="localconfig"/>.</para>
<para>On most systems, to create the user in PostgreSQL, you will need to
login as the root user, and then</para>
<screen> <prompt>bash#</prompt> su - postgres</screen>
<para>As the postgres user, you then need to create a new user: </para>
<screen> <prompt>bash$</prompt> createuser -U postgres -dAP bugs</screen>
<para>When asked for a password, provide the password which will be set as
<replaceable>$db_pass</replaceable> in <filename>localconfig</filename>.
The created user will have the ability to create databases and will not be
able to create new users.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Configure PostgreSQL</title>
<para>Now, you will need to edit <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> which is
usually located in <filename>/var/lib/pgsql/data/</filename>. In this file,
you will need to add a new line to it as follows:</para>
<para>
<computeroutput>host all bugs 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 md5</computeroutput>
</para>
<para>This means that for TCP/IP (host) connections, allow connections from
'127.0.0.1' to 'all' databases on this server from the 'bugs' user, and use
password authentication (md5) for that user.</para>
<para>Now, you will need to restart PostgreSQL, but you will need to fully
stop and start the server rather than just restarting due to the possibility
of a change to <filename>postgresql.conf</filename>. After the server has
restarted, you will need to edit <filename>localconfig</filename>, finding
the <literal>$db_driver</literal> variable and setting it to
<literal>Pg</literal> and changing the password in <literal>$db_pass</literal>
to the one you picked previously, while setting up the account.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="oracle">
<title>Oracle</title>
<section>
<title>Create a New Tablespace</title>
<para>
You can use the existing tablespace or create a new one for Bugzilla.
To create a new tablespace, run the following command:
</para>
<programlisting>
CREATE TABLESPACE bugs
DATAFILE '<replaceable>$path_to_datafile</replaceable>' SIZE 500M
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 30M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
</programlisting>
<para>
Here, the name of the tablespace is 'bugs', but you can
choose another name. <replaceable>$path_to_datafile</replaceable> is
the path to the file containing your database, for instance
<filename>/u01/oradata/bugzilla.dbf</filename>.
The initial size of the database file is set in this example to 500 Mb,
with an increment of 30 Mb everytime we reach the size limit of the file.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Add a User to Oracle</title>
<para>
The user name and password must match what you set in
<filename>localconfig</filename> (<literal>$db_user</literal>
and <literal>$db_pass</literal>, respectively). Here, we assume that
the user name is 'bugs' and the tablespace name is the same
as above.
</para>
<programlisting>
CREATE USER bugs
IDENTIFIED BY "<replaceable>$db_pass</replaceable>"
DEFAULT TABLESPACE bugs
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
PROFILE DEFAULT;
-- GRANT/REVOKE ROLE PRIVILEGES
GRANT CONNECT TO bugs;
GRANT RESOURCE TO bugs;
-- GRANT/REVOKE SYSTEM PRIVILEGES
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO bugs;
GRANT EXECUTE ON CTXSYS.CTX_DDL TO bugs;
</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>Configure the Web Server</title>
<para>
If you use Apache, append these lines to <filename>httpd.conf</filename>
to set ORACLE_HOME and LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For instance:
</para>
<programlisting>
SetEnv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/
SetEnv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/lib/
</programlisting>
<para>
When this is done, restart your web server.
</para>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>checksetup.pl</title>
<para>
Next, rerun <filename>checksetup.pl</filename>. It reconfirms
that all the modules are present, and notices the altered
localconfig file, which it assumes you have edited to your
satisfaction. It compiles the UI templates,
connects to the database using the 'bugs'
user you created and the password you defined, and creates the
'bugs' database and the tables therein.
</para>
<para>
After that, it asks for details of an administrator account. Bugzilla
can have multiple administrators - you can create more later - but
it needs one to start off with.
Enter the email address of an administrator, his or her full name,
and a suitable Bugzilla password.
</para>
<para>
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename> will then finish. You may rerun
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename> at any time if you wish.
</para>
</section>
<section id="http">
<title>Web server</title>
<para>
Configure your web server according to the instructions in the
appropriate section. (If it makes a difference in your choice,
the Bugzilla Team recommends Apache.) To check whether your web server
is correctly configured, try to access <filename>testagent.cgi</filename>
from your web server. If "OK" is displayed, then your configuration
is successful. Regardless of which web server
you are using, however, ensure that sensitive information is
not remotely available by properly applying the access controls in
<xref linkend="security-webserver-access"/>. You can run
<filename>testserver.pl</filename> to check if your web server serves
Bugzilla files as expected.
</para>
<section id="http-apache">
<title>Bugzilla using Apache</title>
<para>You have two options for running Bugzilla under Apache -
<link linkend="http-apache-mod_cgi">mod_cgi</link> (the default) and
<link linkend="http-apache-mod_perl">mod_perl</link> (new in Bugzilla
2.23)
</para>
<section id="http-apache-mod_cgi">
<title>Apache <productname>httpd</productname> with mod_cgi</title>
<para>
To configure your Apache web server to work with Bugzilla while using
mod_cgi, do the following:
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>
Load <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in your editor.
In Fedora and Red Hat Linux, this file is found in
<filename class="directory">/etc/httpd/conf</filename>.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Apache uses <computeroutput><Directory></computeroutput>
directives to permit fine-grained permission setting. Add the
following lines to a directive that applies to the location
of your Bugzilla installation. (If such a section does not
exist, you'll want to add one.) In this example, Bugzilla has
been installed at
<filename class="directory">/var/www/html/bugzilla</filename>.
</para>
<programlisting>
<Directory /var/www/html/bugzilla>
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
Options +Indexes +ExecCGI
DirectoryIndex index.cgi
AllowOverride Limit
</Directory>
</programlisting>
<para>
These instructions: allow apache to run .cgi files found
within the bugzilla directory; instructs the server to look
for a file called <filename>index.cgi</filename> if someone
only types the directory name into the browser; and allows
Bugzilla's <filename>.htaccess</filename> files to override
global permissions.
</para>
<note>
<para>
It is possible to make these changes globally, or to the
directive controlling Bugzilla's parent directory (e.g.
<computeroutput><Directory /var/www/html/></computeroutput>).
Such changes would also apply to the Bugzilla directory...
but they would also apply to many other places where they
may or may not be appropriate. In most cases, including
this one, it is better to be as restrictive as possible
when granting extra access.
</para>
</note>
<note>
<para>
On Windows, you may have to also add the
<computeroutput>ScriptInterpreterSource Registry-Strict</computeroutput>
line, see <link linkend="win32-http">Windows specific notes</link>.
</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<para>
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename> can set tighter permissions
on Bugzilla's files and directories if it knows what group the
web server runs as. Find the <computeroutput>Group</computeroutput>
line in <filename>httpd.conf</filename>, place the value found
there in the <replaceable>$webservergroup</replaceable> variable
in <filename>localconfig</filename>, then rerun
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename>.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Optional: If Bugzilla does not actually reside in the webspace
directory, but instead has been symbolically linked there, you
will need to add the following to the
<computeroutput>Options</computeroutput> line of the Bugzilla
<computeroutput><Directory></computeroutput> directive
(the same one as in the step above):
</para>
<programlisting>
+FollowSymLinks
</programlisting>
<para>
Without this directive, Apache will not follow symbolic links
to places outside its own directory structure, and you will be
unable to run Bugzilla.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</section>
<section id="http-apache-mod_perl">
<title>Apache <productname>httpd</productname> with mod_perl</title>
<para>Some configuration is required to make Bugzilla work with Apache
and mod_perl</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>
Load <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in your editor.
In Fedora and Red Hat Linux, this file is found in
<filename class="directory">/etc/httpd/conf</filename>.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Add the following information to your httpd.conf file, substituting
where appropriate with your own local paths.</para>
<note>
<para>This should be used instead of the <Directory> block
shown above. This should also be above any other <literal>mod_perl</literal>
directives within the <filename>httpd.conf</filename> and must be specified
in the order as below.</para>
</note>
<warning>
<para>You should also ensure that you have disabled <literal>KeepAlive</literal>
support in your Apache install when utilizing Bugzilla under mod_perl</para>
</warning>
<programlisting>
PerlSwitches -I/var/www/html/bugzilla -I/var/www/html/bugzilla/lib -w -T
PerlConfigRequire /var/www/html/bugzilla/mod_perl.pl
</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename> can set tighter permissions
on Bugzilla's files and directories if it knows what group the
web server runs as. Find the <computeroutput>Group</computeroutput>
line in <filename>httpd.conf</filename>, place the value found
there in the <replaceable>$webservergroup</replaceable> variable
in <filename>localconfig</filename>, then rerun
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename>.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>On restarting Apache, Bugzilla should now be running within the
mod_perl environment. Please ensure you have run checksetup.pl to set
permissions before you restart Apache.</para>
<note>
<para>Please bear the following points in mind when looking at using
Bugzilla under mod_perl:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
mod_perl support in Bugzilla can take up a HUGE amount of RAM. You could be
looking at 30MB per httpd child, easily. Basically, you just need a lot of RAM.
The more RAM you can get, the better. mod_perl is basically trading RAM for
speed. At least 2GB total system RAM is recommended for running Bugzilla under
mod_perl.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Under mod_perl, you have to restart Apache if you make any manual change to
any Bugzilla file. You can't just reload--you have to actually
<emphasis>restart</emphasis> the server (as in make sure it stops and starts
again). You <emphasis>can</emphasis> change localconfig and the params file
manually, if you want, because those are re-read every time you load a page.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You must run in Apache's Prefork MPM (this is the default). The Worker MPM
may not work--we haven't tested Bugzilla's mod_perl support under threads.
(And, in fact, we're fairly sure it <emphasis>won't</emphasis> work.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Bugzilla generally expects to be the only mod_perl application running on
your entire server. It may or may not work if there are other applications also
running under mod_perl. It does try its best to play nice with other mod_perl
applications, but it still may have conflicts.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
It is recommended that you have one Bugzilla instance running under mod_perl
on your server. Bugzilla has not been tested with more than one instance running.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</note>
</section>
</section>
<section id="http-iis">
<title>Microsoft <productname>Internet Information Services</productname></title>
<para>
If you are running Bugzilla on Windows and choose to use
Microsoft's <productname>Internet Information Services</productname>
or <productname>Personal Web Server</productname> you will need
to perform a number of other configuration steps as explained below.
You may also want to refer to the following Microsoft Knowledge
Base articles:
<ulink url="http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;245225">245225</ulink>
<quote>HOW TO: Configure and Test a PERL Script with IIS 4.0,
5.0, and 5.1</quote> (for <productname>Internet Information
Services</productname>) and
<ulink url="http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;231998">231998</ulink>
<quote>HOW TO: FP2000: How to Use Perl with Microsoft Personal Web
Server on Windows 95/98</quote> (for <productname>Personal Web
Server</productname>).
</para>
<para>
You will need to create a virtual directory for the Bugzilla
install. Put the Bugzilla files in a directory that is named
something <emphasis>other</emphasis> than what you want your
end-users accessing. That is, if you want your users to access
your Bugzilla installation through
<quote>http://<yourdomainname>/Bugzilla</quote>, then do
<emphasis>not</emphasis> put your Bugzilla files in a directory
named <quote>Bugzilla</quote>. Instead, place them in a different
location, and then use the IIS Administration tool to create a
Virtual Directory named "Bugzilla" that acts as an alias for the
actual location of the files. When creating that virtual directory,
make sure you add the <quote>Execute (such as ISAPI applications or
CGI)</quote> access permission.
</para>
<para>
You will also need to tell IIS how to handle Bugzilla's
.cgi files. Using the IIS Administration tool again, open up
the properties for the new virtual directory and select the
Configuration option to access the Script Mappings. Create an
entry mapping .cgi to:
</para>
<programlisting>
<full path to perl.exe >\perl.exe -x<full path to Bugzilla> -wT "%s" %s
</programlisting>
<para>
For example:
</para>
<programlisting>
c:\perl\bin\perl.exe -xc:\bugzilla -wT "%s" %s
</programlisting>
<note>
<para>
The ActiveState install may have already created an entry for
.pl files that is limited to <quote>GET,HEAD,POST</quote>. If
so, this mapping should be <emphasis>removed</emphasis> as
Bugzilla's .pl files are not designed to be run via a web server.
</para>
</note>
<para>
IIS will also need to know that the index.cgi should be treated
as a default document. On the Documents tab page of the virtual
directory properties, you need to add index.cgi as a default
document type. If you wish, you may remove the other default
document types for this particular virtual directory, since Bugzilla
doesn't use any of them.
</para>
<para>
Also, and this can't be stressed enough, make sure that files
such as <filename>localconfig</filename> and your
<filename class="directory">data</filename> directory are
secured as described in <xref linkend="security-webserver-access"/>.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="install-config-bugzilla">
<title>Bugzilla</title>
<para>
Your Bugzilla should now be working. Access
<filename>http://<your-bugzilla-server>/</filename> -
you should see the Bugzilla
front page. If not, consult the Troubleshooting section,
<xref linkend="troubleshooting"/>.
</para>
<note>
<para>
The URL above may be incorrect if you installed Bugzilla into a
subdirectory or used a symbolic link from your web site root to
the Bugzilla directory.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Log in with the administrator account you defined in the last
<filename>checksetup.pl</filename> run. You should go through
the Parameters page and see if there are any you wish to change.
They key parameters are documented in <xref linkend="parameters"/>;
you should certainly alter
<command>maintainer</command> and <command>urlbase</command>;
you may also want to alter
<command>cookiepath</command> or <command>requirelogin</command>.
</para>
<para>
Bugzilla has several optional features which require extra
configuration. You can read about those in
<xref linkend="extraconfig"/>.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="extraconfig">
<title>Optional Additional Configuration</title>
<para>
Bugzilla has a number of optional features. This section describes how
to configure or enable them.
</para>
<section>
<title>Bug Graphs</title>
<para>If you have installed the necessary Perl modules you
can start collecting statistics for the nifty Bugzilla
graphs.</para>
<screen><prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>crontab -e</command></screen>
<para>
This should bring up the crontab file in your editor.
Add a cron entry like this to run
<filename>collectstats.pl</filename>
daily at 5 after midnight:
</para>
<programlisting>5 0 * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ; ./collectstats.pl</programlisting>
<para>
After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from
the Reports page.
</para>
<note>
<para>
Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task
Scheduler, which performs the same duties. There are also
third-party tools that can be used to implement cron, such as
<ulink url="http://www.nncron.ru/">nncron</ulink>.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="installation-whining-cron">
<title>The Whining Cron</title>
<para>What good are
bugs if they're not annoying? To help make them more so you
can set up Bugzilla's automatic whining system to complain at engineers
which leave their bugs in the NEW or REOPENED state without triaging them.
</para>
<para>
This can be done by adding the following command as a daily
crontab entry, in the same manner as explained above for bug
graphs. This example runs it at 12.55am.
</para>
<programlisting>55 0 * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ; ./whineatnews.pl</programlisting>
<note>
<para>
Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task
Scheduler, which performs the same duties. There are also
third-party tools that can be used to implement cron, such as
<ulink url="http://www.nncron.ru/">nncron</ulink>.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="installation-whining">
<title>Whining</title>
<para>
As of Bugzilla 2.20, users can configure Bugzilla to regularly annoy
them at regular intervals, by having Bugzilla execute saved searches
at certain times and emailing the results to the user. This is known
as "Whining". The process of configuring Whining is described
in <xref linkend="whining"/>, but for it to work a Perl script must be
executed at regular intervals.
</para>
<para>
This can be done by adding the following command as a daily
crontab entry, in the same manner as explained above for bug
graphs. This example runs it every 15 minutes.
</para>
<programlisting>*/15 * * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ; ./whine.pl</programlisting>
<note>
<para>
Whines can be executed as often as every 15 minutes, so if you specify
longer intervals between executions of whine.pl, some users may not
be whined at as often as they would expect. Depending on the person,
this can either be a very Good Thing or a very Bad Thing.
</para>
</note>
<note>
<para>
Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task
Scheduler, which performs the same duties. There are also
third-party tools that can be used to implement cron, such as
<ulink url="http://www.nncron.ru/">nncron</ulink>.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="apache-addtype">
<title>Serving Alternate Formats with the right MIME type</title>
<para>
Some Bugzilla pages have alternate formats, other than just plain
<acronym>HTML</acronym>. In particular, a few Bugzilla pages can
output their contents as either <acronym>XUL</acronym> (a special
Mozilla format, that looks like a program <acronym>GUI</acronym>)
or <acronym>RDF</acronym> (a type of structured <acronym>XML</acronym>
that can be read by various programs).
</para>
<para>
In order for your users to see these pages correctly, Apache must
send them with the right <acronym>MIME</acronym> type. To do this,
add the following lines to your Apache configuration, either in the
<computeroutput><VirtualHost></computeroutput> section for your
Bugzilla, or in the <computeroutput><Directory></computeroutput>
section for your Bugzilla:
</para>
<para>
<screen>AddType application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml .xul
AddType application/rdf+xml .rdf</screen>
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="multiple-bz-dbs">
<title>Multiple Bugzilla databases with a single installation</title>
<para>The previous instructions referred to a standard installation, with
one unique Bugzilla database. However, you may want to host several
distinct installations, without having several copies of the code. This is
possible by using the PROJECT environment variable. When accessed,
Bugzilla checks for the existence of this variable, and if present, uses
its value to check for an alternative configuration file named
<filename>localconfig.<PROJECT></filename> in the same location as
the default one (<filename>localconfig</filename>). It also checks for
customized templates in a directory named
<filename><PROJECT></filename> in the same location as the
default one (<filename>template/<langcode></filename>). By default
this is <filename>template/en/default</filename> so PROJECT's templates
would be located at <filename>template/en/PROJECT</filename>.</para>
<para>To set up an alternate installation, just export PROJECT=foo before
running <command>checksetup.pl</command> for the first time. It will
result in a file called <filename>localconfig.foo</filename> instead of
<filename>localconfig</filename>. Edit this file as described above, with
reference to a new database, and re-run <command>checksetup.pl</command>
to populate it. That's all.</para>
<para>Now you have to configure the web server to pass this environment
variable when accessed via an alternate URL, such as virtual host for
instance. The following is an example of how you could do it in Apache,
other Webservers may differ.
<programlisting>
<VirtualHost 212.85.153.228:80>
ServerName foo.bar.baz
SetEnv PROJECT foo
Alias /bugzilla /var/www/bugzilla
</VirtualHost>
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>Don't forget to also export this variable before accessing Bugzilla
by other means, such as cron tasks for instance.</para>
</section>
<section id="os-specific">
<title>OS-Specific Installation Notes</title>
<para>Many aspects of the Bugzilla installation can be affected by the
operating system you choose to install it on. Sometimes it can be made
easier and others more difficult. This section will attempt to help you
understand both the difficulties of running on specific operating systems
and the utilities available to make it easier.
</para>
<para>If you have anything to add or notes for an operating system not
covered, please file a bug in &bzg-bugs;.
</para>
<section id="os-win32">
<title>Microsoft Windows</title>
<para>
Making Bugzilla work on Windows is more difficult than making it
work on Unix. For that reason, we still recommend doing so on a Unix
based system such as GNU/Linux. That said, if you do want to get
Bugzilla running on Windows, you will need to make the following
adjustments. A detailed step-by-step
<ulink url="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Bugzilla:Win32Install">
installation guide for Windows</ulink> is also available
if you need more help with your installation.
</para>
<section id="win32-perl">
<title>Win32 Perl</title>
<para>
Perl for Windows can be obtained from
<ulink url="http://www.activestate.com/">ActiveState</ulink>.
You should be able to find a compiled binary at <ulink
url="http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/" />.
The following instructions assume that you are using version
5.8.1 of ActiveState.
</para>
<note>
<para>
These instructions are for 32-bit versions of Windows. If you are
using a 64-bit version of Windows, you will need to install 32-bit
Perl in order to install the 32-bit modules as described below.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="win32-perl-modules">
<title>Perl Modules on Win32</title>
<para>
Bugzilla on Windows requires the same perl modules found in
<xref linkend="install-perlmodules"/>. The main difference is that
windows uses <glossterm linkend="gloss-ppm">PPM</glossterm> instead
of CPAN. ActiveState provides a GUI to manage Perl modules. We highly
recommend that you use it. If you prefer to use ppm from the
command-line, type:
</para>
<programlisting>
C:\perl> <command>ppm install <module name></command>
</programlisting>
<para>
The best source for the Windows PPM modules needed for Bugzilla
is probably the theory58S website, which you can add to your list
of repositories as follows (for Perl 5.8.x):
</para>
<programlisting>
<command>ppm repo add theory58S http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/</command>
</programlisting>
<para>
If you are using Perl 5.10.x, you cannot use the same PPM modules as Perl
5.8.x as they are incompatible. In this case, you should add the following
repository:
</para>
<programlisting>
<command>ppm repo add theory58S http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/PPMPackages/10xx/</command>
</programlisting>
<note>
<para>
In versions prior to 5.8.8 build 819 of PPM the command is
<programlisting>
<command>ppm repository add theory58S http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/</command>
</programlisting>
</para>
</note>
<note>
<para>
The PPM repository stores modules in 'packages' that may have
a slightly different name than the module. If retrieving these
modules from there, you will need to pay attention to the information
provided when you run <command>checksetup.pl</command> as it will
tell you what package you'll need to install.
</para>
</note>
<tip>
<para>
If you are behind a corporate firewall, you will need to let the
ActiveState PPM utility know how to get through it to access
the repositories by setting the HTTP_proxy system environmental
variable. For more information on setting that variable, see
the ActiveState documentation.
</para>
</tip>
</section>
<section id="win32-http">
<title>Serving the web pages</title>
<para>
As is the case on Unix based systems, any web server should
be able to handle Bugzilla; however, the Bugzilla Team still
recommends Apache whenever asked. No matter what web server
you choose, be sure to pay attention to the security notes
in <xref linkend="security-webserver-access"/>. More
information on configuring specific web servers can be found
in <xref linkend="http"/>.
</para>
<note>
<para>
The web server looks at <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename> to
call Perl. If you are using Apache on windows, you can set the
<ulink url="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#scriptinterpretersource">ScriptInterpreterSource</ulink>
directive in your Apache config file to make it look at the
right place: insert the line
<programlisting>ScriptInterpreterSource Registry-Strict</programlisting>
into your <filename>httpd.conf</filename> file, and create the key
<programlisting>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.cgi\Shell\ExecCGI\Command</programlisting>
with <option>C:\Perl\bin\perl.exe -T</option> as value (adapt to your
path if needed) in the registry. When this is done, restart Apache.
</para>
</note>
</section>
<section id="win32-email">
<title>Sending Email</title>
<para>
To enable Bugzilla to send email on Windows, the server running the
Bugzilla code must be able to connect to, or act as, an SMTP server.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="os-macosx">
<title><productname>Mac OS X</productname></title>
<para>Making Bugzilla work on Mac OS X requires the following
adjustments.</para>
<section id="macosx-sendmail">
<title>Sendmail</title>
<para>In Mac OS X 10.3 and later,
<ulink url="http://www.postfix.org/">Postfix</ulink>
is used as the built-in email server. Postfix provides an executable
that mimics sendmail enough to fool Bugzilla, as long as Bugzilla can
find it.</para>
<para>As of version 2.20, Bugzilla will be able to find the fake
sendmail executable without any assistance. However, you will have
to turn on the sendmailnow parameter before you do anything that would
result in email being sent. For more information, see the description
of the sendmailnow parameter in <xref linkend="parameters"/>.</para>
</section>
<section id="macosx-libraries">
<title>Libraries & Perl Modules on Mac OS X</title>
<para>Apple does not include the GD library with Mac OS X. Bugzilla
needs this for bug graphs.</para>
<para>You can use DarwinPorts (<ulink url="http://darwinports.com/"/>)
or Fink (<ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/fink/"/>), both
of which are similar in nature to the CPAN installer, but install
common unix programs.</para>
<para>Follow the instructions for setting up DarwinPorts or Fink.
Once you have one installed, you'll want to use it to install the
<filename>gd2</filename> package.
</para>
<para>Fink will prompt you for a number of dependencies, type 'y' and hit
enter to install all of the dependencies and then watch it work. You will
then be able to use <glossterm linkend="gloss-cpan">CPAN</glossterm> to
install the GD Perl module.
</para>
<note>
<para>To prevent creating conflicts with the software that Apple
installs by default, Fink creates its own directory tree at
<filename class="directory">/sw</filename> where it installs most of
the software that it installs. This means your libraries and headers
will be at <filename class="directory">/sw/lib</filename> and
<filename class="directory">/sw/include</filename> instead of
<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> and
<filename class="directory">/usr/include</filename>. When the
Perl module config script asks where your <filename>libgd</filename>
is, be sure to tell it
<filename class="directory">/sw/lib</filename>.
</para>
</note>
<para>Also available via DarwinPorts and Fink is
<filename>expat</filename>. After installing the expat package, you
will be able to install XML::Parser using CPAN. If you use fink, there
is one caveat. Unlike recent versions of
the GD module, XML::Parser doesn't prompt for the location of the
required libraries. When using CPAN, you will need to use the following
command sequence:
</para>
<screen>
# perl -MCPAN -e'look XML::Parser' <co id="macosx-look"/>
# perl Makefile.PL EXPATLIBPATH=/sw/lib EXPATINCPATH=/sw/include
# make; make test; make install <co id="macosx-make"/>
# exit <co id="macosx-exit"/>
</screen>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="macosx-look macosx-exit">
<para>The look command will download the module and spawn a
new shell with the extracted files as the current working directory.
The exit command will return you to your original shell.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="macosx-make">
<para>You should watch the output from these make commands,
especially <quote>make test</quote> as errors may prevent
XML::Parser from functioning correctly with Bugzilla.
</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="os-linux">
<title>Linux Distributions</title>
<para>Many Linux distributions include Bugzilla and its
dependencies in their native package management systems.
Installing Bugzilla with root access on any Linux system
should be as simple as finding the Bugzilla package in the
package management application and installing it using the
normal command syntax. Several distributions also perform
the proper web server configuration automatically on installation.
</para>
<para>Please consult the documentation of your Linux
distribution for instructions on how to install packages,
or for specific instructions on installing Bugzilla with
native package management tools. There is also a
<ulink url="http://wiki.mozilla.org/Bugzilla:Linux_Distro_Installation">
Bugzilla Wiki Page</ulink> for distro-specific installation
notes.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="nonroot">
<title>UNIX (non-root) Installation Notes</title>
<section>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>If you are running a *NIX OS as non-root, either due
to lack of access (web hosts, for example) or for security
reasons, this will detail how to install Bugzilla on such
a setup. It is recommended that you read through the
<xref linkend="installation" />
first to get an idea on the installation steps required.
(These notes will reference to steps in that guide.)</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>MySQL</title>
<para>You may have MySQL installed as root. If you're
setting up an account with a web host, a MySQL account
needs to be set up for you. From there, you can create
the bugs account, or use the account given to you.</para>
<warning>
<para>You may have problems trying to set up
<command>GRANT</command> permissions to the database.
If you're using a web host, chances are that you have a
separate database which is already locked down (or one big
database with limited/no access to the other areas), but you
may want to ask your system administrator what the security
settings are set to, and/or run the <command>GRANT</command>
command for you.</para>
<para>Also, you will probably not be able to change the MySQL
root user password (for obvious reasons), so skip that
step.</para>
</warning>
<section>
<title>Running MySQL as Non-Root</title>
<section>
<title>The Custom Configuration Method</title>
<para>Create a file .my.cnf in your
home directory (using /home/foo in this example)
as follows....</para>
<programlisting>
[mysqld]
datadir=/home/foo/mymysql
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081
[mysql]
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081
[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib
[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/home/foo/mymysql/the.log
pid-file=/home/foo/mymysql/the.pid
</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>The Custom Built Method</title>
<para>You can install MySQL as a not-root, if you really need to.
Build it with PREFIX set to <filename class="directory">/home/foo/mysql</filename>,
or use pre-installed executables, specifying that you want
to put all of the data files in <filename class="directory">/home/foo/mysql/data</filename>.
If there is another MySQL server running on the system that you
do not own, use the -P option to specify a TCP port that is not
in use.</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Starting the Server</title>
<para>After your mysqld program is built and any .my.cnf file is
in place, you must initialize the databases (ONCE).</para>
<screen>
<prompt>bash$</prompt>
<command>mysql_install_db</command>
</screen>
<para>Then start the daemon with</para>
<screen>
<prompt>bash$</prompt>
<command>safe_mysql &</command>
</screen>
<para>After you start mysqld the first time, you then connect to
it as "root" and <command>GRANT</command> permissions to other
users. (Again, the MySQL root account has nothing to do with
the *NIX root account.)</para>
<note>
<para>You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either
ask your system administrator to add them to system startup files, or
add a crontab entry that runs a script to check on these daemons
and restart them if needed.</para>
</note>
<warning>
<para>Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first
consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources
and running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any
machine on which you are a user!</para>
</warning>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Perl</title>
<para>
On the extremely rare chance that you don't have Perl on
the machine, you will have to build the sources
yourself. The following commands should get your system
installed with your own personal version of Perl:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>bash$</prompt>
<command>wget http://perl.org/CPAN/src/stable.tar.gz</command>
<prompt>bash$</prompt>
<command>tar zvxf stable.tar.gz</command>
<prompt>bash$</prompt>
<command>cd perl-5.8.1</command> (or whatever the version of Perl is called)
<prompt>bash$</prompt>
<command>sh Configure -de -Dprefix=/home/foo/perl</command>
<prompt>bash$</prompt>
<command>make && make test && make install</command>
</screen>
<para>
Once you have Perl installed into a directory (probably
in <filename class="directory">~/perl/bin</filename>), you will need to
install the Perl Modules, described below.
</para>
</section>
<section id="install-perlmodules-nonroot">
<title>Perl Modules</title>
<para>
Installing the Perl modules as a non-root user is accomplished by
running the <filename>install-module.pl</filename>
script. For more details on this script, see
<ulink url="api/install-module.html"><filename>install-module.pl</filename>
documentation</ulink>
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>HTTP Server</title>
<para>Ideally, this also needs to be installed as root and
run under a special web server account. As long as
the web server will allow the running of *.cgi files outside of a
cgi-bin, and a way of denying web access to certain files (such as a
.htaccess file), you should be good in this department.</para>
<section>
<title>Running Apache as Non-Root</title>
<para>You can run Apache as a non-root user, but the port will need
to be set to one above 1024. If you type <command>httpd -V</command>,
you will get a list of the variables that your system copy of httpd
uses. One of those, namely HTTPD_ROOT, tells you where that
installation looks for its config information.</para>
<para>From there, you can copy the config files to your own home
directory to start editing. When you edit those and then use the -d
option to override the HTTPD_ROOT compiled into the web server, you
get control of your own customized web server.</para>
<note>
<para>You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either
ask your system administrator to add them to system startup files, or
add a crontab entry that runs a script to check on these daemons
and restart them if needed.</para>
</note>
<warning>
<para>Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first
consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources
and running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any
machine on which you are a user!</para>
</warning>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Bugzilla</title>
<para>
When you run <command>./checksetup.pl</command> to create
the <filename>localconfig</filename> file, it will list the Perl
modules it finds. If one is missing, go back and double-check the
module installation from <xref linkend="install-perlmodules-nonroot"/>,
then delete the <filename>localconfig</filename> file and try again.
</para>
<warning>
<para>One option in <filename>localconfig</filename> you
might have problems with is the web server group. If you can't
successfully browse to the <filename>index.cgi</filename> (like
a Forbidden error), you may have to relax your permissions,
and blank out the web server group. Of course, this may pose
as a security risk. Having a properly jailed shell and/or
limited access to shell accounts may lessen the security risk,
but use at your own risk.</para>
</warning>
<section id="suexec">
<title>suexec or shared hosting</title>
<para>If you are running on a system that uses suexec (most shared
hosting environments do this), you will need to set the
<emphasis>webservergroup</emphasis> value in <filename>localconfig</filename>
to match <emphasis>your</emphasis> primary group, rather than the one
the web server runs under. You will need to run the following
shell commands after running <command>./checksetup.pl</command>,
every time you run it (or modify <filename>checksetup.pl</filename>
to do them for you via the system() command).
<programlisting> for i in docs graphs images js skins; do find $i -type d -exec chmod o+rx {} \; ; done
for i in jpg gif css js png html rdf xul; do find . -name \*.$i -exec chmod o+r {} \; ; done
find . -name .htaccess -exec chmod o+r {} \;
chmod o+x . data data/webdot</programlisting>
Pay particular attention to the number of semicolons and dots.
They are all important. A future version of Bugzilla will
hopefully be able to do this for you out of the box.</para>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="upgrade">
<title>Upgrading to New Releases</title>
<para>Upgrading to new Bugzilla releases is very simple. There is
a script included with Bugzilla that will automatically
do all of the database migration for you.</para>
<para>The following sections explain how to upgrade from one
version of Bugzilla to another. Whether you are upgrading
from one bug-fix version to another (such as 3.0.1 to 3.0.2)
or from one major version to another (such as from 3.0 to 3.2),
the instructions are always the same.</para>
<note>
<para>
Any examples in the following sections are written as though the
user were updating to version 2.22.1, but the procedures are the
same no matter what version you're updating to. Also, in the
examples, the user's Bugzilla installation is found at
<filename>/var/www/html/bugzilla</filename>. If that is not the
same as the location of your Bugzilla installation, simply
substitute the proper paths where appropriate.
</para>
</note>
<section id="upgrade-before">
<title>Before You Upgrade</title>
<para>Before you start your upgrade, there are a few important
steps to take:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Read the <ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/releases/">Release
Notes</ulink> of the version you're upgrading to,
particularly the "Notes for Upgraders" section.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
View the Sanity Check (<xref linkend="sanitycheck"/>) page
on your installation before upgrading. Attempt to fix all warnings
that the page produces before you go any further, or you may
experience problems during your upgrade.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Shut down your Bugzilla installation by putting some HTML or
text in the shutdownhtml parameter
(see <xref linkend="parameters"/>).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make a backup of the Bugzilla database.
<emphasis>THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT</emphasis>. If
anything goes wrong during the upgrade, your installation
can be corrupted beyond recovery. Having a backup keeps you safe.
</para>
<warning>
<para>
Upgrading is a one-way process. You cannot "downgrade" an
upgraded Bugzilla. If you wish to revert to the old Bugzilla
version for any reason, you will have to restore your database
from this backup.
</para>
</warning>
<para>Here are some sample commands you could use to backup
your database, depending on what database system you're
using. You may have to modify these commands for your
particular setup.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>MySQL:</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>mysqldump --opt -u bugs -p bugs > bugs.sql</command>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>PostgreSQL:</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>pg_dump --no-privileges --no-owner -h localhost -U bugs
> bugs.sql</command>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="upgrade-files">
<title>Getting The New Bugzilla</title>
<para>There are three ways to get the new version of Bugzilla.
We'll list them here briefly and then explain them
more later.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>CVS (<xref linkend="upgrade-cvs"/>)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
If have <command>cvs</command> installed on your machine
and you have Internet access, this is the easiest way to
upgrade, particularly if you have made modifications
to the code or templates of Bugzilla.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Download the tarball (<xref linkend="upgrade-tarball"/>)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This is a very simple way to upgrade, and good if you
haven't made many (or any) modifications to the code or
templates of your Bugzilla.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Patches (<xref linkend="upgrade-patches"/>)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
If you have made modifications to your Bugzilla, and
you don't have Internet access or you don't want to use
cvs, then this is the best way to upgrade.
</para>
<para>
You can only do minor upgrades (such as 3.0 to 3.0.1 or
3.0.1 to 3.0.2) with patches.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<section id="upgrade-modified">
<title>If you have modified your Bugzilla</title>
<para>
If you have modified the code or templates of your Bugzilla,
then upgrading requires a bit more thought and effort.
A discussion of the various methods of updating compared with
degree and methods of local customization can be found in
<xref linkend="template-method"/>.
</para>
<para>
The larger the jump you are trying to make, the more difficult it
is going to be to upgrade if you have made local customizations.
Upgrading from 3.0 to 3.0.1 should be fairly painless even if
you are heavily customized, but going from 2.18 to 3.0 is going
to mean a fair bit of work re-writing your local changes to use
the new files, logic, templates, etc. If you have done no local
changes at all, however, then upgrading should be approximately
the same amount of work regardless of how long it has been since
your version was released.
</para>
</section>
<section id="upgrade-cvs">
<title>Upgrading using CVS</title>
<para>
This requires that you have cvs installed (most Unix machines do),
and requires that you are able to access cvs-mirror.mozilla.org
on port 2401, which may not be an option if you are behind a
highly restrictive firewall or don't have Internet access.
</para>
<para>
The following shows the sequence of commands needed to update a
Bugzilla installation via CVS, and a typical series of results.
</para>
<programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd /var/www/html/bugzilla</command>
bash$ <command>cvs login</command>
Logging in to :pserver:anonymous@cvs-mirror.mozilla.org:2401/cvsroot
CVS password: <emphasis>('anonymous', or just leave it blank)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>cvs -q update -r BUGZILLA-2_22_1 -dP</command>
P checksetup.pl
P collectstats.pl
P docs/rel_notes.txt
P template/en/default/list/quips.html.tmpl
<emphasis>(etc.)</emphasis>
</programlisting>
<caution>
<para>
If a line in the output from <command>cvs update</command> begins
with a <computeroutput>C</computeroutput>, then that represents a
file with local changes that CVS was unable to properly merge. You
need to resolve these conflicts manually before Bugzilla (or at
least the portion using that file) will be usable.
</para>
</caution>
</section>
<section id="upgrade-tarball">
<title>Upgrading using the tarball</title>
<para>
If you are unable (or unwilling) to use CVS, another option that's
always available is to obtain the latest tarball from the <ulink
url="http://www.bugzilla.org/download/">Download Page</ulink> and
create a new Bugzilla installation from that.
</para>
<para>
This sequence of commands shows how to get the tarball from the
command-line; it is also possible to download it from the site
directly in a web browser. If you go that route, save the file
to the <filename class="directory">/var/www/html</filename>
directory (or its equivalent, if you use something else) and
omit the first three lines of the example.
</para>
<programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd /var/www/html</command>
bash$ <command>wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.gz</command>
<emphasis>(Output omitted)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>tar xzvf bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.gz</command>
bugzilla-2.22.1/
bugzilla-2.22.1/.cvsignore
<emphasis>(Output truncated)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>cd bugzilla-2.22.1</command>
bash$ <command>cp ../bugzilla/localconfig* .</command>
bash$ <command>cp -r ../bugzilla/data .</command>
bash$ <command>cd ..</command>
bash$ <command>mv bugzilla bugzilla.old</command>
bash$ <command>mv bugzilla-2.22.1 bugzilla</command>
</programlisting>
<warning>
<para>
The <command>cp</command> commands both end with periods which
is a very important detail--it means that the destination
directory is the current working directory.
</para>
</warning>
<para>
This upgrade method will give you a clean install of Bugzilla.
That's fine if you don't have any local customizations that you
want to maintain. If you do have customizations, then you will
need to reapply them by hand to the appropriate files.
</para>
</section>
<section id="upgrade-patches">
<title>Upgrading using patches</title>
<para>
A patch is a collection of all the bug fixes that have been made
since the last bug-fix release.
</para>
<para>
If you are doing a bug-fix upgrade—that is, one where only the
last number of the revision changes, such as from 2.22 to
2.22.1—then you have the option of obtaining and applying a
patch file from the <ulink
url="http://www.bugzilla.org/download/">Download Page</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
As above, this example starts with obtaining the file via the
command line. If you have already downloaded it, you can omit the
first two commands.
</para>
<programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd /var/www/html/bugzilla</command>
bash$ <command>wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff.gz</command>
<emphasis>(Output omitted)</emphasis>
bash$ <command>gunzip bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff.gz</command>
bash$ <command>patch -p1 < bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff</command>
patching file checksetup.pl
patching file collectstats.pl
<emphasis>(etc.)</emphasis>
</programlisting>
<warning>
<para>
Be aware that upgrading from a patch file does not change the
entries in your <filename class="directory">CVS</filename> directory.
This could make it more difficult to upgrade using CVS
(<xref linkend="upgrade-cvs"/>) in the future.
</para>
</warning>
</section>
</section>
<section id="upgrade-completion">
<title>Completing Your Upgrade</title>
<para>
Now that you have the new Bugzilla code, there are a few final
steps to complete your upgrade.
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
If your new Bugzilla installation is in a different
directory or on a different machine than your old Bugzilla
installation, make sure that you have copied the
<filename>data</filename> directory and the
<filename>localconfig</filename> file from your old Bugzilla
installation. (If you followed the tarball instructions
above, this has already happened.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If this is a major update, check that the configuration
(<xref linkend="configuration"/>) for your new Bugzilla is
up-to-date. Sometimes the configuration requirements change
between major versions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you didn't do it as part of the above configuration step,
now you need to run <command>checksetup.pl</command>, which
will do everything required to convert your existing database
and settings for the new version:
</para>
<programlisting>
bash$ <command>cd /var/www/html/bugzilla</command>
bash$ <command>./checksetup.pl</command>
</programlisting>
<warning>
<para>
The period at the beginning of the command
<command>./checksetup.pl</command> is important and can not
be omitted.
</para>
</warning>
<caution>
<para>
If this is a major upgrade (say, 2.22 to 3.0 or similar),
running <command>checksetup.pl</command> on a large
installation (75,000 or more bugs) can take a long time,
possibly several hours.
</para>
</caution>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Clear any HTML or text that you put into the shutdownhtml
parameter, to re-activate Bugzilla.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
View the Sanity Check (<xref linkend="sanitycheck"/>) page in your
upgraded Bugzilla.
</para>
<para>
It is recommended that, if possible, you fix any problems
you see, immediately. Failure to do this may mean that Bugzilla
will not work correctly. Be aware that if the sanity check page
contains more errors after an upgrade, it doesn't necessarily
mean there are more errors in your database than there were
before, as additional tests are added to the sanity check over
time, and it is possible that those errors weren't being
checked for in the old version.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section>
<section id="upgrade-notifications">
<title>Automatic Notifications of New Releases</title>
<para>
Bugzilla 3.0 introduced the ability to automatically notify
administrators when new releases are available, based on the
<literal>upgrade_notification</literal> parameter, see
<xref linkend="parameters"/>. Administrators will see these
notifications when they access the <filename>index.cgi</filename>
page, i.e. generally when logging in. Bugzilla will check once per
day for new releases, unless the parameter is set to
<quote>disabled</quote>. If you are behind a proxy, you may have to set
the <literal>proxy_url</literal> parameter accordingly. If the proxy
requires authentication, use the
<literal>http://user:pass@proxy_url/</literal> syntax.
</para>
</section>
</section>
</chapter>
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