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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.75.2"/><link rel="home" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="up" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="prev" href="../spine.html" title="The GNU C++ Library"/><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I. Introduction"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../spine.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><div class="book" title="The GNU C++ Library Manual"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual-index"/>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2009, 2010
<a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org" target="">FSF</a>
</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice" title="Legal Notice"><a id="id533702"/><p>
<a class="link" href="license.html" title="License">License</a>
</p></div></div></div><hr/></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="part"><a href="intro.html">I.
Introduction
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.200x">C++ 200x</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="bk01pt02.html">II.
Standard Contents
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="support.html">4.
Support
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5.
Diagnostics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt02ch05s02.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6.
Utilities
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7.
Strings
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#std.strings.string">String Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.simple">Simple Transformations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.case">Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.character_types">Arbitrary Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.token">Tokenizing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink">Shrink to Fit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.Cstring">CString (MFC)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="localization.html">8.
Localization
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9.
Containers
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10.
Iterators
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#std.iterators.predefined">Predefined</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.vs_pointers">Iterators vs. Pointers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.end">One Past the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="algorithms.html">11.
Algorithms
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="numerics.html">12.
Numerics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="io.html">13.
Input and Output
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io.html#std.io.objects">Iostream Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html">Stream Buffers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.derived">Derived streambuf Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.buffering">Buffering</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html">Memory Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html#std.io.memstreams.compat">Compatibility With strstream</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html">File Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.copying_a_file">Copying a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary">Binary Input and Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.FILE">Using FILE* and file descriptors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.sync">Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="atomics.html">14.
Atomics
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="concurrency.html">15.
Concurrency
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="extensions.html">III.
Extensions
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="bk01pt03pr01.html"/></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_compile_checks.html">16. Compile Time Checks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="debug_mode.html">17. Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode.html#manual.ext.debug_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s02.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html#debug_mode.using.mode">Using the Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html#debug_mode.using.specific">Using a Specific Debug Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.methods">Methods</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch17s04.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="parallel_mode.html">18. Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s02.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s04.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch18s05.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="profile_mode.html">19. Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.using">Using the Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.tuning">Tuning the Profile Mode</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.wrapper">Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.instrumentation">Instrumentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.rtlib">Run Time Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.analysis">Analysis and Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.cost-model">Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.reports">Reports</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.testing">Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s03.html">Extensions for Custom Containers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s04.html">Empirical Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html">Implementation Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stack">Stack Traces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.symbols">Symbolization of Instruction Addresses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.concurrency">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stdlib-in-proflib">Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.malloc-hooks">Malloc Hooks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s05.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.construction-destruction">Construction and Destruction of Global Objects</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html">Developer Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic">Big Picture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s06.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.howto">How To Add A Diagnostic</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html">Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.template">Diagnostic Template</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.containers">Containers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms">Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality">Data Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread">Multithreaded Data Access</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.statistics">Statistics</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="profile_mode.html#profile_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_allocators.html">20. Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_allocators.html#manual.ext.allocator.mt">mt_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_allocators.html#allocator.mt.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_allocators.html#allocator.mt.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_allocators.html#allocator.mt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_allocators.html#allocator.mt.example_single">Single Thread Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_allocators.html#allocator.mt.example_multi">Multiple Thread Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html">bitmap_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_containers.html">21. Containers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.pbds">Policy Based Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s02.html">HP/SGI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch21s03.html">Deprecated HP/SGI</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_utilities.html">22. Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_algorithms.html">23. Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_numerics.html">24. Numerics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_iterators.html">25. Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_io.html">26. Input and Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_io.html#manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived">Derived filebufs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_demangling.html">27. Demangling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_concurrency.html">28. Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch28s02.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch28s02.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Builtin Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch28s02.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bk01pt03ch28s03.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="bk01pt04.html">IV.
Appendices
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_contributing.html">A.
Contributing
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_porting.html">B.
Porting and Maintenance
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.map">Overview: What Comes from Where</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Test</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_free.html">C.
Free Software Needs Free Documentation
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gpl.html">D.
<acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gfdl.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><b>List of Figures</b></p><dl><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#id614754">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><b>List of Tables</b></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#id533556">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#id518456">C++ 200x Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#id576790">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#id582361">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#id586478">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#id586707">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#id587011">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#id587217">C++ 200x Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#id587646">C++ 200x Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#id587895">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#id588036">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#id588211">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#id588257">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#id588311">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#id588608">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#id588731">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#id588843">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html#id602987">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="bk01pt03ch17s03.html#id603361">Debugging Containers C++0x</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="bk01pt03ch18s03.html#id604948">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="bk01pt03ch19s02.html#id607071">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="bk01pt03ch19s07.html#id607953">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>20.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator.html#id611395">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#id615654">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#id616157">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#id616319">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#id616796">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#id616997">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#id622712">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#id622942">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../spine.html">Prev</a> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library </td><td align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../spine.html">Home</a></td><td align="right" valign="top"> Part I.
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