NAME
dos2unix - DOS/MAC to UNIX and vice versa text file format converter
SYNOPSIS
dos2unix [options] [-c CONVMODE] [-o FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
unix2dos [options] [-c CONVMODE] [-o FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
DESCRIPTION
The Dos2unix package includes utilities "dos2unix" and "unix2dos" to
convert plain text files in DOS or MAC format to UNIX format and vice
versa. Binary files and non-regular files, such as soft links, are
automatically skipped, unless conversion is forced.
Dos2unix has a few conversion modes similar to dos2unix under
SunOS/Solaris.
In DOS/Windows text files line endings exist out of a combination of two
characters: a Carriage Return (CR) followed by a Line Feed (LF). In Unix
text files line endings exists out of a single Newline character which
is equal to a DOS Line Feed (LF) character. In Mac text files, prior to
Mac OS X, line endings exist out of a single Carriage Return character.
Mac OS X is Unix based and has the same line endings as Unix.
OPTIONS
-c, --convmode CONVMODE
Set conversion mode. Where CONVMODE is one of: *ascii*, *7bit*,
*iso*, *mac* with ascii being the default.
-f, --force
Force conversion of all files. Also binary files.
-h, --help
Display online help.
-k, --keepdate
Keep the date stamp of output file same as input file.
-L, --license
Display software license.
-l, --newline
Add additional newline.
dos2unix: Only DOS line endings are changed to two Unix line
endings. In Mac mode only Mac line endings are changed to two Unix
line endings.
unix2dos: Only Unix line endings are changed to two DOS line
endings. In Mac mode Unix line endings are changed to two Mac line
endings.
-n, --newfile INFILE OUTFILE ...
New file mode. Convert the infile and write output to outfile. File
names must be given in pairs and wildcard names should NOT be used
or you WILL lose your files.
-o, --oldfile FILE ...
Old file mode. Convert the file and write output to it. The program
default to run in this mode. Wildcard names may be used.
-q, --quiet
Quiet mode. Suppress all warning and messages.
-V, --version
Display version information.
CONVERSION MODES
Conversion modes *ascii*, *7bit*, and *iso* are similar to those of
dos2unix/unix2dos under SunOS/Solaris.
ascii
dos2unix: In this mode DOS line endings are converted to Unix line
endings. Unix and Mac line endings are not changed.
unix2dos: In this mode Unix line endings are converted to DOS line
endings. DOS and Mac line endings are not changed.
Although the name of this mode is ASCII, which is a 7 bit standard,
the actual mode is 8 bit.
mac dos2unix: In this mode Mac line endings are converted to Unix line
endings. DOS and Unix line endigs are not changed. You can also use
the command "mac2unix" to run dos2unix in Mac mode.
unix2dos: In this mode Unix line endings are converted to Mac line
endings. DOS and Mac line endigs are not changed. You can also use
the command "unix2mac" to run unix2dos in Mac mode.
7bit
In this mode DOS line endings are converted to Unix line endings or
vice versa. All 8 bit non-ASCII characters (with values from 128 to
255) are converted to a space.
iso In this mode DOS line endings are converted to Unix line endings or
vice versa. Characters are converted between the DOS character set
(code page) CP437 and ISO character set ISO-8859-1 on Unix. CP437
characters without ISO-8859-1 equivalent, for which conversion is
not possible, are converted to a dot. The same counts for ISO-8859-1
characters without CP437 counterpart. CP437 is mainly used in the
USA. In Western Europe CP850 is more standard.
Another option to convert text files between different encodings is
to use dos2unix in combination with iconv(1). Iconv can convert
between a long list of character encodings. Some examples:
Convert from DOS DOSLatinUS to Unix Latin-1
iconv -f CP437 -t ISO-8859-1 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
Convert from DOS DOSLatin1 to Unix Latin-1
iconv -f CP850 -t ISO-8859-1 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
Convert from Windows WinLatin1 to Unix Latin-1
iconv -f CP1252 -t ISO-8859-1 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
Convert from Windows WinLatin1 to Unix UTF-8 (Unicode)
iconv -f CP1252 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
Convert from Windows UTF-16 (Unicode) to Unix UTF-8 (Unicode)
iconv -f UTF-16 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS DOSLatinUS
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t CP437 > out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS DOSLatin1
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t CP850 > out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to Windows WinLatin1
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f ISO-8859-1 -t CP1252 > out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) to Windows WinLatin1
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1252 in.txt > out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) to Windows UTF-16 (Unicode)
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 > out.txt
See also <http://czyborra.com/charsets/codepages.html> and
<http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html>.
UNICODE
Unicode files can be encoded in different encodings. On Unix/Linux
Unicode files are mostly encoded in UTF-8 encoding. UTF-8 is ASCII
compatible. UTF-8 files can be in DOS, Unix or Mac format. It is safe to
run dos2unix/unix2dos on UTF-8 encoded files. On Windows mostly UTF-16
encoding is used for Unicode files. Dos2unix/unix2dos should not be run
on UTF-16 files. UTF-16 files are automatically skipped, because it are
binary files.
EXAMPLES
Get input from stdin and write output to stdout.
dos2unix
dos2unix -l -c mac
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt.
dos2unix a.txt b.txt
dos2unix -o a.txt b.txt
Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode.
dos2unix a.txt
Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode. Convert and replace
b.txt in 7bit conversion mode.
dos2unix a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
dos2unix -c ascii a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
Convert a.txt from Mac to Unix format.
dos2unix -c mac a.txt
mac2unix a.txt
Convert a.txt from Unix to Mac format.
unix2dos -c mac a.txt
unix2mac a.txt
Convert and replace a.txt while keeping original date stamp.
dos2unix -k a.txt
dos2unix -k -o a.txt
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt.
dos2unix -n a.txt e.txt
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt, keep date stamp of e.txt same as
a.txt.
dos2unix -k -n a.txt e.txt
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert b.txt and write to e.txt.
dos2unix a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
dos2unix -o a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
Convert c.txt and write to e.txt. Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and
replace b.txt. Convert d.txt and write to f.txt.
dos2unix -n c.txt e.txt -o a.txt b.txt -n d.txt f.txt
LOCALIZATION
LANG
The primary language is selected with the environment variable LANG.
The LANG variable consists out of several parts. The first part is
in small letters the language code. The second is optional and is
the country code in capital letters, preceded with an underscore.
There is also an optional third part: character encoding, preceded
with a dot. A few examples for POSIX standard type shells:
export LANG=nl Dutch
export LANG=nl_NL Dutch, The Netherlands
export LANG=nl_BE Dutch, Belgium
export LANG=es_ES Spanish, Spain
export LANG=es_MX Spanish, Mexico
export LANG=en_US.iso88591 English, USA, Latin-1 encoding
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 English, UK, UTF-8 encoding
For a complete list of language and country codes see the gettext
manual:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#Language-Co
des>
On Unix systems you can use to command locale(1) to get locale
specific information.
LANGUAGE
With the LANGUAGE environment variable you can specify a priority
list of languages, separated by colons. Dos2unix gives preference to
LANGUAGE over LANG. For instance, first Dutch and then German:
"LANGUAGE=nl:de". You have to first enable localization, by setting
LANG (or LC_ALL) to a value other than "C", before you can use a
language priority list through the LANGUAGE variable. See also the
gettext manual:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/gettext.html#The-LANGUAG
E-variable>
For Esperanto there is a special language file in x-method format.
X-method can be used on systems that don't support Latin-3 or
Unicode character encoding. Make LANGUAGE equal to "eo-x:eo".
If you select a language which is not available you will get the
standard English messages.
DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR
With the environment variable DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR the LOCALEDIR set
during compilation can be overruled. LOCALEDIR is used to find the
language files. The GNU default value is "/usr/local/share/locale".
Option "-V" will display the LOCALEDIR that is used.
Example (windows cmd):
set DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR=c:/my_prefix/share/locale
AUTHORS
Benjamin Lin - <blin@socs.uts.edu.au>
Bernd Johannes Wuebben (mac2unix mode) - <wuebben@kde.org>
Erwin Waterlander - <waterlan@xs4all.nl>
Project page: <http://www.xs4all.nl/~waterlan/dos2unix.html>
SourceForge page: <http://sourceforge.net/projects/dos2unix/>
Freshmeat: <http://freshmeat.net/projects/dos2unix>
SEE ALSO
iconv(1)
