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>Blender Documentation Volume I - User Guide: Last modified April 29 2004 S68</TH
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><DIV
CLASS="chapter"
><H1
><A
NAME="chapter_sequence_editor"
></A
>Sequence Editor</H1
><P
>
An often underestimated function of Blender is the Sequence Editor.
It is a
complete video editing system that allows you to combine multiple video
channels and add effects to them. Even though it has a limited number of
operations, you can use these to create powerful video edits (especially
when you combine it with the animation power of Blender!) And, furthermore,
it is extensible via a Plugin system quite alike the Texture plugins.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex1"
></A
>Learning the Sequence Editor</H1
><P
> This section shows you a practical video editing example exhibiting
most of the Sequence Editor built in features. We will put together
several Blender made animations to obtain some stunning effects. One frame
of the resulting edited animation is in <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.101"
>Figure 1</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.101"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/final_result.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 1. Final result.</B
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex2"
></A
>First animation: two cubes</H2
><P
> Let's start with something simple and see where it leads. Start a
clean Blender and remove the default plane. Split the 3D window
and switch one of the views to the camera view with
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>NUM 0</B
>. In the top-view, add a cube and move it just
outside of the dotted square that indicates the camera view.
<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.102"
>Figure 2</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.102"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_1.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 2. Moving the cube out of the camera view.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> We want to create a simple animation of the cube moveing into view,
rotating once, and then disappearing. Set the animation end to 61 (set the
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>End:</TT
> value in the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Anim</TT
>
Panel of the Scene Context, Render Buttons
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F10</B
>) and insert a LocRot KeyFrame on frame 1 with
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>IKEY</B
> and selecting <TT
CLASS="literal"
>LocRot</TT
>
from the menu which appears. This will store both the location and
the rotation of the cube on this frame.
</P
><P
> Go to frame 21 (press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>UPARROW</B
> twice) and move the cube closer
to the camera. Insert another KeyFrame. On Frame 41, keep the cube on the
same location but rotate it 180 degrees and insert another KeyFrame.
</P
><P
> Finally on frame 61 move the cube out of view, to the right and insert
the last KeyFrame.
</P
><P
> We will need two versions of the animation: one with a solid
material and one with a WireFrame. For the material, we can use a
plain white lit by two bright lamps - a white one and a
blue one with an energy value of two (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.104"
>Figure 3</A
>).
</P
><P
> For the WireFrame cube,
set the material type to 'Wire' and change the color to green
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.105"
>Figure 4</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.104"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_3a.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 3. A rendering of the solid cube.</B
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.105"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_3b.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 4. And a rendering of the WireFrame cube.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Enter an appropriate filename (for example 'cube_solid.avi')
in the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Pics</TT
> field (first text button on
top) of the Scene Context Render sub-context
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>Output</TT
> Panel
(<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F10</B
>) (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.106"
>Figure 5</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.106"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_4a.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 5. Set the animation output filename.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Render the animation with the white solid cube. This will save it to your disk.
Save it as an AVI file. Use AVI Raw if possible, because it yelds
an higher quality - compression should be the last thing in the
editing process - otherwise, if short of disk space use
AVI Jpeg or AVI Codec, the first being less compressed and hence often
of higher quality.
</P
><P
> Now change the material to the green
wire frame, render the animation again, saving the result as
cube_wire.avi.
</P
><P
> You now have a 'cube_solid.avi' and 'cube_wire.avi' on your
hard disk. This is enought for our first sequence editing.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex3"
></A
>First Sequence: delayed wireframes</H2
><P
> The first sequence will use only the wireframe animation - twice - to
create an interesting effect. We will create multiple layers
of video, give them a small time offset and add them
together. This will simulate the 'glowing trail' effect that you see on
radar screens.
</P
><P
> Start a clean Blender file and change the 3D window to a Sequence
Editor window by pressing <B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT F8</B
> or by
selecting the Sequence Editor icon <B
CLASS="guiicon"
> <IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/SequenceEditorWindowIcon.png">
</B
> from the window header Window Type Menu.
</P
><P
> Add a movie to the window by pressing <B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT-A</B
> and
selecting <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Movie</TT
> (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.107"
>Figure 6</A
>)
or by using the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Add>>Movie</TT
> Menu entry.
From the File Select Window wich appears select the wireframe
cube animation that you made before.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.107"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_5.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 6. Adding a video strip</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> After you have selected and loaded the movie file, you will see a blue
strip that represents it. After adding a strip, you are
automatically in grab mode and the strip follows the mouse.
The start and end frame are now
displayed in the bar.
</P
><P
> Take a closer look at the Sequence Editor screen now. Horizontally you
see the time value. Vertically, you see the video 'channels'. Each
channel can contain an image, a movie or an effect. By layering
different channels on top of each other and applying effects, you can
mix different sources together. If you select a video strip, its type,
length and filename will be printed at the bottom of the window.
</P
><P
> Move your video strip and let it start at frame 1. Place it in
channel 1, that is on the bottom row and press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>LMB</B
>
to finalize (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.108"
>Figure 7</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.108"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_6.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 7. Placing the strip.</B
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="./stylesheet-images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Lead-in, Lead-out and stills</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
> </TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> You can add <I
CLASS="emphasis"
>lead-in</I
> and <I
CLASS="emphasis"
>lead-out</I
>
frames by selecting the
triangles at the start and end of the strip (they will turn purple)
and dragging them out. In the same way, you can define the 'length'
in frames of a still image.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> Duplicate the movie strip with <B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT-D</B
>, place
the duplicate in
channel 2 and shift it one frame to the right. We now have two
layers of video on top of each other, but only one will
display. To mix the two layers you need to apply an effect to
them.
</P
><P
> Select both strips and press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT-A</B
>. Select
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>ADD</TT
> from the
menu that pops up (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.109"
>Figure 8</A
>).
Otherwise use the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Add>>Effect>>Add</TT
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.109"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_7.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 8. Mixing two video strips</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> To see what's happening split the sequence editor window and select
the image button in the header (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.110"
>Figure 9</A
>).
This will activate the automatic preview (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.111"
>Figure 10</A
>).
If you select a frame in
the sequence editor window with the strips, the preview will be
automatically updated (with all the effects applied!).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.110"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_7a.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 9. Sequence Editor preview button.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> If you press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>ALT-A</B
> in the preview window, Blender will play
back the animation. (Rendering of effects for the first time takes
a lot of processing time, so don't expect a real-time
preview!).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.111"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_8.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 10. Adding a preview window.</B
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="./stylesheet-images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Windowless preview</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
> </TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>
If you do not like the separate render window, switch to
the Render Buttons (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F10</B
>) and select DispView in the
bottom left.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> Now its time to add some more mayhem to this animation. Duplicate
another movie layer and place it on channel 4. Add it to the existing
ADD effect in video channel 3 with a new ADD effect.
Repeat this once and you will have four WireFrame cubes in the
preview window (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.112"
>Figure 11</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.112"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_9.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 11. Sequence with 4 WireFrame cube strips added together.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> All the cubes have the same brightness now, but I would like to
have a falloff in brightness. This is easily arranged: open an IPO
window somewhere (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F6</B
>) and select the sequence icon in
its IPO Type Menu (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.113"
>Figure 12</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.113"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_9a.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 12. Sequence IPO button.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Select the first add strip (the one in channel 3), hold down
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>CTRL</B
> and click <B
CLASS="keycap"
>LMB</B
> in the IPO window on a
value of
1. This sets the brightness of this add operation to
maximum. Repeat this for the other two add strips, but decrease
the value a bit for each of them, say to around 0.6 and 0.3
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.114"
>Figure 13</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.114"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_10.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 13. Defining the brightness of a layer with an IPO</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Depending on the ADD values that you have just set, your result should look
something like what is shown in <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.115"
>Figure 14</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.115"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_11.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 14. Four WireFrame cubes combined with fading effects.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Now we already have 7 strips and we have only just begun with our
sequencing! You can imagine that the screen can quickly become very
crowded indeed. To make your project more manageable, select all
strips (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>AKEY</B
> and <B
CLASS="keycap"
>BKEY</B
> work here, too!), press
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>MKEY</B
> and press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>ENTER</B
> or click on the
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>Make Meta</TT
> pop up. Otherwise
you can use the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Strip>>Make Meta Strip</TT
>
Menu entry. The
strips will now be combined into a meta-strip, and can be copied
or moved as a whole.
</P
><P
> With the meta strip selected, press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>NKEY</B
> and enter a name, for example
'Wire/Delay', to better remember what it is <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.116"
>Figure 15</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.116"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/cubes_12.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 15. Named META strip</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex4"
></A
>Second animation: A delayed solid cube</H2
><P
> Now it is time to use some masks. We want to create two areas in
which the animation plays back with 1 frame time difference. This
creates a very interesting glass-like visual effect.
</P
><P
> Start by creating a black and white image like the one in
<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.117"
>Figure 16</A
>. You
can use a paint program or do it in Blender. The easiest way to do
this in Blender is to create a white material with an emit value
of 1 or a shadeless white material on some
bevelled Curve Circles.
In this way, you do not need to set up any lamps. Save the
image as mask.tga.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.117"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/mask_1.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 16. Animation mask.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Switch to the sequence editor and move the meta strip that we made
before out of the way (we will reposition it later). Add the
animation of the solid cube (<TT
CLASS="literal"
><B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT-A</B
>>>Movie</TT
>). Next, add the mask
image. By default a still image will get a length of 50 frames in
the sequence editor. Change it to match the length of the cube
animation by <B
CLASS="keycap"
>RMB</B
> and <B
CLASS="keycap"
>GKEY</B
> to dragging out the arrows on the side of the image
strip with the right mouse button.
</P
><P
> Now select both strips (hold down <B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT</B
>), press
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT-A</B
> and add a <TT
CLASS="literal"
>SUB</TT
>
(subtract) effect.
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.118"
>Figure 17</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.118"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/mask_2.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 17. Subtracting the mask from the video.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> In the preview window you will now see the effect; the areas where
the mask is white have been removed from the picture
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.119"
>Figure 18</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.119"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/mask_3.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 18. Mask subtracted.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> This effect is ready now; select all three strips and convert
them into a META strip by pressing <B
CLASS="keycap"
>MKEY</B
>
</P
><P
> Now repeat the previous steps, except that you don't use the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>SUB</TT
>
effect but the
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>MUL</TT
>
(multiply) effect (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.120"
>Figure 19</A
>).
This time you will only see the original
image where the mask image is white. Turn the three strips of this
effect into a meta strip again.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.120"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/mask_4.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 19. Mask multiplied.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> For the final step I have to combine the two effects
together. Move one of the meta strips above the other one and give
it a time offset of one frame. Select both strips and add an ADD
effect (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.121"
>Figure 20</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.121"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/mask_5.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 20. Adding the two effects</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> In the preview window you can now see the result of the
combination of the animation and the mask (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.122"
>Figure 21</A
>).
</P
><P
> When you are ready, select the two meta strips and the
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>ADD</TT
> effect
and convert them into a new meta strip. (That's right! You can have
meta strips in meta strips!)
</P
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="./stylesheet-images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Getting into a Meta Strip</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
> </TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> To edit the contents of a meta strip, select it and
press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>TAB</B
>. The meta strip will 'explode'
to show its components and background will turn yellow/greenish to indicate
that you are working inside a meta strip. Press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>TAB</B
> again to
return to normal editing.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.122"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/mask_6.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 21. Two time-shifted layers.</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex5"
></A
>Third animation: a tunnel</H2
><P
> We want a third 'effect'to further enrich our animation;
a 3D 'tunnel' to be used
as a background effect. This is really simple to create. First
save your current work - you will need it later!
</P
><P
>
Start a new scene (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>CTRL-X</B
>) and delete the default
plane. Switch to front view (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>NUM 1</B
>).
Add a 20-vertex circle about 10 units under the z=0 line (the pink
line in your screen) (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.123"
>Figure 22</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.123"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_1.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 22. Adding a 20-vertex circle.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> While still in Edit Mode, switch to side view (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>NUM 3</B
>) and
snap the cursor to the origin by locating it roughly at the
x,y,z=0 point and pressing <B
CLASS="keycap"
>SHIFT-S</B
>.
Select <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Curs>>Grid</TT
>.
</P
><P
> We want to turn the circle into a circular tube, or torus. For this, we
will use the Spin function. Go to the Editing Context (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F9</B
>)
and enter a value of 180 in the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Degr</TT
> NumButton and
enter '10' in the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Steps</TT
> NumButton in the
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>Mesh Tools</TT
> Panel.
Pressing <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Spin</TT
> will now rotate the selected
vertices around the cursor at 180 degrees and in 10
steps. (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.124"
>Figure 23</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.124"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_2.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 23. Spinning the circle around the cursor</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Leave Edit Mode (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>TAB</B
>).
With the default settings, Blender will always rotate and scale
around the object's center which is displayed as a tiny dot. This dot
is yellow when the object is unselected and pink when it is
selected. With the cursor still in the origin, press the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Center
Cursor</TT
> button in the Edit Buttons window to move the object center
to the current cursor location. Now press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>RKEY</B
> and rotate the
tube 180 degrees around the cursor.
</P
><P
> Now it's time to move the camera into the tunnel. Open another
3D window and switch it to the camera view (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>NUM0</B
>). Position
the camera in the side view window to match <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.125"
>Figure 24</A
>,
the camera view should now match <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.126"
>Figure 25</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="./stylesheet-images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Missing edges</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
> </TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> If not all of the edges of the tunnel are showing, you can force
Blender to draw them by selecting <TT
CLASS="literal"
>All Edges</TT
>
Tog Button in the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Mesh Tools 1</TT
> Panel of
the Editing Context
(<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F9</B
>).
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.125"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_3.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 24. Camera inside the tunnel.</B
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.126"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_4.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 25. Camera view of the tunnel interior.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> To save ourselves some trouble, I want to render this as a looping
animation. I can then add as many copies of it as I like to the
final video compilation.
</P
><P
> There are two things to keep in mind when creating looping
animations. First, make sure that there is no 'jump' in your
animation when it loops. For this, you have to be careful when
creating the KeyFrames and when setting the animation
length. Create two KeyFrames: one with the current rotation of the
tube on frame 1, and one with a rotation of 90 degrees (hold down
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>CTRL</B
> while rotating) on frame 51. In your animation
frame 51 is now the same as frame 1, so when rendering you will
need to leave out frame 51 and render from 1 to 50.
</P
><P
> Please note that the number 90 degrees is not chosen carelessly, but because
the tunnel is periodic with period 18, hence you must rotate it
by a multiple of 18, and 90 is it, to guarantee that
frame 51 is exactly the same than frame 1.
</P
><P
> Second, to get a <I
CLASS="emphasis"
>linear</I
> motion you need to remove the ease-in
and ease-out of the rotation. These can be seen in the IPO Window
of the tube after inserting the rotation KeyFrames. The IPO smoothly
starts and end, much like a cosine function. We want it to be straight.
To do so select the
rotation curve, enter editmode (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>TAB</B
>) and select all
vertices (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>AKEY</B
>) and press
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>VKEY</B
> ('Vector') to change the curve into a linear one
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.127"
>Figure 26</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.127"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_5.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 26. Tunnel rotation IPO without ease-in and ease-out.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> To create a more dramatic effect, select the camera while in
camera view mode (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.128"
>Figure 27</A
>).
The camera itself is displayed as the solid
square. Press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>RKEY</B
> and rotate it a bit. If you now
play back your animation it should loop seamlessly.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.128"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_6.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 27. Figure Rotate the camera to get a more dramatic effect</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> For the final touch, add a blue WireFrame material to the tube and
add a small lamp on the location of the camera. By tweaking the
lamp's <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Dist</TT
>
value (attenuation distance) you can make the end of
the tube disappear in the dark without having to work with mist.
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.129"
>Figure 28</A
>).
</P
><P
> When you are satisfied with the result, render your animation
and save it as 'tunnel.avi'.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.129"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_7.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 28. Figure A groovy tunnel.</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex6"
></A
>Second sequence: Using the tunnel as a backdrop</H2
><P
> Reload your video compilation Blender file. The tunnel that we
made in the last step will be used as a backdrop for the entire
animation. To make it more interesting I will modify an
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>ADD</TT
> effect
to change the tunnel into a pulsating backdrop. Prepare a
completely black picture and call it 'black.tga' (try pressing
<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F12</B
> in an empty Blender file. Save with <B
CLASS="keycap"
>F3</B
>,
but make sure that you have selected the TGA file format in the
Render Buttons window). Add both black.tga and the tunnel
animation and combine them with an ADD effect
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.130"
>Figure 29</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.130"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_8.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 29. Setting up the backdrop effect.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Now with the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>ADD</TT
>
effect selected, open an IPO window and select
the Sequence Editor button in its header. From frame 1-50, draw an
irregular line by holding down <B
CLASS="keycap"
>CTRL</B
> and
left-clicking. Make sure that the values are between 0 and 1
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.131"
>Figure 30</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.131"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/tunnel_9.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 30. Adding randomnes with a irregular Ipo</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> When you are ready, take a look at the result in a preview
screen and change the animation into a meta strip.
</P
><P
> Save your work!
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex7"
></A
>Fourth Animation: a jumping logo</H2
><P
> Let's create some more randomness and chaos! Take a
logo (We can just add a text object) and make it jump
through the screen. Again, the easiest way to do this is to add
vertices directly into the IPO window (select a <TT
CLASS="literal"
>LocX, LocY</TT
>
or <TT
CLASS="literal"
>LocZ</TT
>
channel first), but this time you may need to be a bit more
careful with the minimum and maximum values for each
channel. Don't worry about the looks of this one too much - the
next step will make is hardly recognizable anyway.
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.132"
>Figure 31</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.132"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/logo_1.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 31. Jumping logo</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Save the animation as 'jumpylogo.avi'.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex8"
></A
>Fifth Animation: particle bars</H2
><P
> Our last effect will use an animated mask. By combining this
with the logo of the previous step, I will achieve a streaking
effect that introduces the logo to our animation. This mask is
made by using a particle system. To set one up switch to side
view, add a plane to your scene and while it is still selected
switch to the Object COntext(<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F7</B
>). In the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Effects</TT
>
Tab of the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Constraints</TT
> Panel. Select
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>New effect</TT
> and then change the
default effect <TT
CLASS="literal"
>build</TT
> to
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>Particles</TT
>. Change the system's settings as indicated in
<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.133"
>Figure 32</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.133"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_1a.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 32. Particle system settings.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>TAB</B
> to enter Edit Mode, select all vertices and
subdivide the plane twice by pressing <B
CLASS="keycap"
>WKEY</B
> and selecting
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>Subdivide</TT
> from the pop-up menu.
</P
><P
> Next switch to front view and add another plane. Scale it along
the X-axis to turn it into a rectangle (press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>SKEY</B
> and move
your mouse horizontally. Then click <B
CLASS="keycap"
>XKEY</B
> or <B
CLASS="keycap"
>MMB</B
> to
scale along the indicated axis only). Give the rectangle a white
material with an emit value of one.
</P
><P
> Now you need to change the particles into rectangles by using
the dupliverts function. Select rectangle, then particle emitter
and parent them. Select only the plane and in
the Object Context and <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Anim Settings</TT
> Panel, select the
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>DupliVerts</TT
> Button.
Each particle is now replaced by a rectangle (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.134"
>Figure 33</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.134"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_2.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 33. DupliVerted rectangles</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> I now add some mist as a quick hack to give the rectangles each a
different shade of grey. Go to the World Buttons window with
<B
CLASS="keycap"
><B
CLASS="keycap"
>F5</B
></B
> to change to Shading Context, then click on the <B
CLASS="guiicon"
> <IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/WorldWindowButton.png">
</B
> button and select
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>Add New</TT
> in the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>World</TT
> Panel.
The world settings will now appear.
</P
><P
> By default, the sky will now be rendered as a gradient between
blue and black. Change the horizon colors (HoR, HoG, HoB) to
pure black (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.135"
>Figure 34</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.135"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_3a.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 34. Figure Setting up mist.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> To activate rendering of mist activate the Mist button in the
middle of the screen. When using mist, you have to indicate on
which distance from the camera it works. Select the camera, switch
to the Editing Context enable <TT
CLASS="literal"
>ShowMist</TT
>
in the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Camera</TT
> Panel.
Now switch to
top view and return to the Shading Context (<B
CLASS="keycap"
>F5</B
>) and World Buttons. Tweak the
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>Sta:</TT
>
and <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Di:</TT
> (Start, Distance, respectively)
parameters so that the mist covers the
complete width of the particle stream (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.135"
>Figure 34</A
>
and <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.136"
>Figure 35</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.136"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_4.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 35. Setting the mist parameters</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Set the animation length to 100 frames and render the animation to disk.
Call the file 'particles.avi' (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.137"
>Figure 36</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.137"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_5.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 36. Rendered particle rectangles.</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex9"
></A
>Third sequence: Combining the logo and the particle bars</H2
><P
> By now you know the drill: reload your compilation project file,
switch to the Sequence Editor window and add both 'particles.avi'
and 'logo.avi' to your project. Combine them together with a
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>MUL</TT
>
effect. Since the logo animation is 50 frames and the
particles animation is 100 frames, you'll need to duplicate the
logo animation once and apply a second <TT
CLASS="literal"
>MUL</TT
>
effect to it
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.138"
>Figure 37</A
> and <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.138"
>Figure 37</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.138"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_6.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 37. Use the logo animation twice</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Combine these three strips into one meta strip. If you're feeling
brave you can make a few copies and give them a small time offset
just like with the WireFrame cube.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.139"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_7.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 38. The particles animation combined with the logo animation</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex10"
></A
>Sixth Animation: zooming logo</H2
><P
> If you would combine all your animations so far you would get a
really wild video compilation, but if this was your company's
presentation you would want to present the logo in a more
recognizable way. The final part of our compilation will therefore
be an animation of the logo that zooms in very slowly. Prepare
this one and save it as 'zoomlogo.avi'. Also prepare a white
picture and save it as 'white.tga'.
</P
><P
> We will now use the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>CROSS</TT
> effect to first make a rapid
transition from black to white, then from white to our logo
animation. Finally, a transition to black will conclude the
compilation.
</P
><P
> Start off by placing black.tga in channel 1 and white.tga in
channel 2. Make them both 20 frames long. Select them both and
apply a cross effect. The cross will gradually change the
resulting image from layer 1 to layer 2. In this case, the result
will be a transition from black to white
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.140"
>Figure 39</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.140"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_8.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 39. Black-white transition.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Next, add a duplicate of white.tga to layer 1 and place it
directly to the right of black.tga. Make it about half as long as
the original. Place the logo zoom animation in layer 2 and add a
cross effect between the two. At this point, the animation looks
like a white flash followed by the logo zoom animation
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.141"
>Figure 40</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.141"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_9.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 40. Figure White-video transition</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> The last thing that you need to do is to make sure that the
animation will have a nice transition to black at the very
end. Add a duplicate of black.tga and apply another cross
effect. When you are ready, transform everything into a meta
strip (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.142"
>Figure 41</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.142"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/particles_10.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 41. Video-black transition</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex11"
></A
>Assembling everything so far</H2
><P
> We're at the end of our work! It's time
add some of the compilations that we have made so far
and see how our work looks. The most important thing to remember
while creating your final compilation is that when rendering your
animation, the sequence editor only 'sees' the top layer of
video. This means that you have to make sure that it is either a
strip that is ready to be used, or it should be an effect like
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>ADD</TT
> that combines several underlying strips.
</P
><P
> The foundation of the compilation will be the fluctuating
tunnel. Add a some duplicates of the tunnel meta strip and place
them in channel one. Combine them into one meta strip. Do not
worry about the exact length of the animation yet; you can always
duplicate more tunnel strips.
</P
><P
> On top of that, place the delayed wireframe cube in channel 2. Add
channel 1 to channel two and place the add effect in channel 3
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.143"
>Figure 42</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.143"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/composition_1.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 42. Combining the tunnel and the WireFrame cube</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Now we also want to add the solid cube animation. Place it in
channel 4, overlapping with the WireFrame animation in channel
2. Add it to the tunnel animation in layer one. This is where
things are starting to get a little tricky; if you would leave it
like this, the animation in channel 5 (the solid cube together
with the tube) would override the animation in channel 2 (the
wireframe cube) and the wireframe cube would become invisible as
soon as the solid cube shows up. To solve this, add channel 3 to
channel 5 (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.144"
>Figure 43</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.144"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/composition_2.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 43. Combining the tunnel, WireFrame and solid cube.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> You will often need to apply some extra add operations to fix
missing parts of video. This will most likely become apparent
after you have rendered the final sequence.
</P
><P
> Slide the Sequence Editor window a bit to the left and add the
meta strip with the particle/logo animation in it. Place this
strip in layer 2 and place an add effect in layer 3. For some
variation, duplicate the WireFrame animation and combine it with
the add in layer 3 (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.145"
>Figure 44</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.145"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/composition_3.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 44. Adding the particle/logo animation</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> Now go to the end of the tunnel animation strip. There should be
enough place to put the logo zoom animation at the end and still
have some space left before it (<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.145a"
>Figure 45</A
>).
If not, select the tunnel strip,
press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>TAB</B
> and add a duplicate of the animation to the
end. Press <B
CLASS="keycap"
>TAB</B
> again to leave meta edit mode.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.145a"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/composition_4.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 45. Adding the logo zoom animation.</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> If there is still some space left, we can add a copy of the solid cube
animation. To get it to display correctly, you will have to apply
two add channels to it: one to combine it with the particle logo
animation and one to combine it with the logo zoom animation
(<A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.146"
>Figure 46</A
>).
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.146"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/composition_5.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 46. Adding one last detail</B
></P
></DIV
><P
> <A
HREF="c9832.html#BSG.SEQ.F.S68.147"
>Figure 47</A
> shows the complete sequence.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="BSG.SEQ.F.S68.147"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="PartAT/sequence/gfx/composition_6.png"></P
></DIV
><P
><B
>Figure 47. The complete sequence</B
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="section_sequence_ex12"
></A
>Conclusion</H2
><P
> We are now ready to render our final video composition! To tell
Blender to use the Sequence Editor information while rendering,
select the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>Do Sequence</TT
> button in the Render Buttons
window. After that, rendering and saving your animation works like
before (be sure not to overwrite any of your AVI of the sequence!).
</P
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