<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Rigging a Hand and a Foot</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+ "><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="Blender Documentation Volume I - User Guide" HREF="book1.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Character Animation" HREF="c6466.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Constraints" HREF="x6875.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Rigging Mechanics" HREF="x7278.html"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="section" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center" >Blender Documentation Volume I - User Guide: Last modified April 29 2004 S68</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="x6875.html" ACCESSKEY="P" ><<< Previous</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="80%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >Character Animation</TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="x7278.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next >>></A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="Lyubomir_tutorial" ></A >Rigging a Hand and a Foot</H1 ><P ><I CLASS="emphasis" >by Lyubomir Kovachev</I ></P ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H2 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="section_rigging_hand" ></A >The Hand</H2 ><P > Setting up a hand for animation is a tricky thing. The gestures, the movements of wrists and fingers are very important, they express emotional states of the character and interact with other characters and objects. That's why it's very important to have an efficient hand set-up, capable of doing all the wrist and fingers motions easily. Here is how to do it: </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.301" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_01.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 26. The Arm model</B ></P ></DIV ><P > We'll use a simple cartoony arm mesh in this tutorial (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.301" >Figure 26</A >). </P ><P > The following set-up uses one IK solver for the movement of the whole arm and four other IK solvers, one for each finger. The rotation of the wrist is achieved by a simple FK bone. </P ><P > OK. Take a look at the arm mesh and let's start making the armature. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.302" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_02.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 27. Drawing the armature</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Position the 3D cursor in the shoulder, go to front view and add an armature. Make a chain of three bones - one in the upper arm, the second one in the lower arm and the third one should fit the palm, ending at the beginning of the middle finger. This is called an chain of bones. (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.302" >Figure 27</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.303" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_03.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 28. Placing the armature in side view.</B ></P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.304" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_04.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 29. Placing the armature in side view.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Now change the view to side view and displace the bones so that they fit in the arm and palm properly (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.303" >Figure 28</A > (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.304" >Figure 29</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.305" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_05.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 30. Wrist IK solver.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Zoom in the hand and position the cursor at the root of the bone, positioned in the palm. Add a new bone, pointing right, with the same length as the palm bone. This will be the IK solver for the arm. (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.305" >Figure 30</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.306" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_06.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 31. Rigging the finger.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Position the 3D cursor at the beginning of the middle finger and in from view start building a new chain, consisting of four bones (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.306" >Figure 31</A >). Three of them will be the actual bones in the finger, and the fourth bone will be a null bone - this is a small bone, pointing to the palm, that will help turning the whole chain to an IK chain later. </P ><P > Again, change to side view and reshape the bones so that they fit the finger well. It could be a tricky part and you may also view the scene using the trackball while reshaping the bones (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.307" >Figure 32</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.307" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_07.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 32. Rigging the finger.</B ></P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.308" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_08.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 33. Adding the finger IK solver.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Now add the IK solver for this finger chain. Position the 3D cursor at the root of the null bone and add bone with the length of the other three bones in the finger (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.308" >Figure 33</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.309" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_09.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 34. Rigging the other fingers.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Repeat the same for the creation of the IK chains for the other three fingers. The only difference with the thumb is that it has two actual bones, instead of three. You can just copy and paste the chain and just reshape, reshape, reshape... (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.309" >Figure 34</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.310" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_10.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 35. Naming overview.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > The time has come for the boring part - naming of the bones. You cannot skip this, because you'll need the bone names in the skinning part later. Bones are named as in <A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.310" >Figure 35</A >. </P ><DIV CLASS="note" ><P ></P ><TABLE CLASS="note" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="25" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" ><IMG SRC="./stylesheet-images/note.gif" HSPACE="5" ALT="Note"></TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" ><P > The names of the bones of finger 1 and finger 2 are not shown here. They are identical to the names of the bones of finger 3, only the number changes. </P ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.311" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_11.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 36. Parenting the Thumb.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Now let's do some parenting. </P ><P > Select the root thumb bone "ThumbA.R" (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.311" >Figure 36</A >) and in the edit menu click in the "child of" field and choose "Hand.R". You've just parented the thumb bone chain to the hand bone. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.312" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_12.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 37. Parenting the other fingers.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > By repeating the same process parent the following bones (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.312" >Figure 37</A >): </P ><P ></P ><UL ><LI ><P >"Fing1A.R" to "Hand.R"</P ></LI ><LI ><P >"Fing2A.R" to "Hand.R"</P ></LI ><LI ><P >"Fing3A.R" to "Hand.R"</P ></LI ><LI ><P >"IK_thumb.R" to "Hand.R"</P ></LI ><LI ><P >"IK_fing1.R" to "Hand.R"</P ></LI ><LI ><P >"IK_fing2.R" to "Hand.R"</P ></LI ><LI ><P >"IK_fing3.R" to "Hand.R"</P ></LI ></UL ><P > Why did we do all this? Why did we parent so much bones to "Hand.R"? Because when you rotate the hand (i.e. "Hand.R") all the fingers will follow the hand. Otherwise the fingers will stay still and only the palm will move and you'll get very weird result. </P ><DIV CLASS="note" ><P ></P ><TABLE CLASS="note" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="25" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" ><IMG SRC="./stylesheet-images/note.gif" HSPACE="5" ALT="Note"></TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" ><P > No IK tool bone is child of any bone of the chain it controls. All of them are children of "Hand.R". </P ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.313" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_13.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 38. Seting the IK solver for the wrist. Selecting the bone.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Time to add constraints. Enter pose mode (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.313" >Figure 38</A >) and go in Object Context (<B CLASS="keycap" >F7</B >). Choose "Hand.R" and add an IK solver constraint to it in the <TT CLASS="literal" >Constraints</TT > Panel. In the <TT CLASS="literal" >OB</TT > field type the object name: "Armature". The bone went to the centre of the armature, but we'll fix this now. In the new <TT CLASS="literal" >BO</TT > field, that appeared in the constraint window, type the bone name "IK_arm.R". This will be the IK solver bone controlling the arm motion (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.314" >Figure 39</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.314" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_14.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 39. Setting the IK solver for the wrist. Setting the Constrain.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Now by repeating the same procedure: </P ><P ></P ><UL ><LI ><P >select "ThumbNull.R" and add IK solver "IK_thumb.R",</P ></LI ><LI ><P >select "Fing1null.R" and add IK solver "IK_fing1.R",</P ></LI ><LI ><P >select "Fing2null.R" and add IK solver "IK_fing2.R",</P ></LI ><LI ><P >select "Fing3null.R" and add IK solver "IK_fing3.R".</P ></LI ></UL ><P > You're finished with the bone part. In pose mode select different IK solvers and move them to test the IK chains. Now you can move the fingers, the thumb, the whole arm and by rotating the "Hand.R" bone you can rotate the whole hand. </P ><P > So let's do the skinning now. It's the part when you tell the mesh how to deform. You'll add vertex groups to the mesh. Each vertex group should be named after the bone that will deform it. If you don't assign vertex groups, the deformation process will need much more CPU power, the animation process will be dramatically slowed down and you'll get weird results. It's highly recommended (almost mandatory) that you use subdivision surfaces meshes for your characters with low vertex count. Otherwise if you use meshes with lots of vertices, the skinning will be much more difficult. Don't sacrifice detail, but model economically, use as less vertices as possible and always use SubSurf. </P ><P > Parent the Mesh to the Armature, int the Pop-Up select <TT CLASS="literal" >Armature</TT > and in the following select <TT CLASS="literal" >Name Groups</TT >. Your Mesh will be enriched by empty Vertex Groups. </P ><P > Select the arm mesh, enter Edit Mode and switch to Editing (<B CLASS="keycap" >F9</B >) Context. In the <TT CLASS="literal" >Mesh Tools 1</TT > of the Edit Buttons Window notice the small group of buttons with the word <TT CLASS="literal" >Group</TT > on top. Thanks to the automatic naming feature you have already all the groups you needed created. (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.316" >Figure 40</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.316" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_16.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 40. Vertex group names.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Actually the automatic Grouping scheme has created vertex groups also for the "IK" and "null" bones <I CLASS="emphasis" >unless</I > you have set them <TT CLASS="literal" >Unskinnable</TT > before. These are useless and you can safely delete. </P ><P > Now let's do the tricky part: Select the vertex group "ArmHi.R" from the edit buttons by clicking on the small button with the white minus sign. Now look at the 3D window. Select all the vertices that you want to be deformed by the "ArmHi.R" bone. (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.317" >Figure 41</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.317" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_17.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 41. ArmHi.R vertex group.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Now press the <TT CLASS="literal" >Assign</TT > button in the edit buttons window (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.318" >Figure 42</A >). You've just added the selected vertices to the "ArmHi.R" vertex group. These vertices will be deformed by the "ArmHi.R" bone. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.318" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_18.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 42. Assigning vertices to a group.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Repeat the same steps for the other vertex groups: select vertices and assign them to the corresponding group. This is a tricky process. Do it carefully. If you've assigned some vertices to a certain group by mistake, don't worry. Just select the unneeded vertices and press the <TT CLASS="literal" >Remove</TT > button. You can add a vertex to more than one vertex group. For example the vertices that build joints (of fingers, wrist, elbow, etc.) could be assigned to the two vertex groups that are situated close to it. You can also assign vertices to deform with different strength. The default strength is 1.000, but you can add vertices with strength 0.500 or less. The lower the strength value, the less deformation for that vertex. You can make a vertex deform 75% by one bone and 25% by another, or 50% by one and 50% by another. It's all a matter of testing the deformation until you achieve the result you want. In general if your arm model has half-flexed joints (as the model in this tutorial you will get good results without using strength values different than 1.000. My own rule of thumb when modelling a character is: always model the arms fingers and legs half-flexed, not straight. This is a guarantee for good deformation. </P ><P > When you're finished adding vertices to vertex groups, if you haven't made any Mistakes, you'll have a well set up arm with a hand. Select the armature, enter pose mode, select the different IK solvers and test the arm and fingers (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.319" >Figure 43</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.319" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/hst_19.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 43. Different Poses.</B ></P ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H2 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="section_rigging_foot" ></A >The Foot</H2 ><P > The set-up of legs and feet is maybe the most important thing in the whole rigging process. Bad foot set-up may lead to the well known "sliding-feet" effect, which is very annoying and usually ruins the whole animation. A well made complex foot set-up must be capable of standing still on the ground while moving the body, and doing other tricky stuff like standing on tiptoe, moving the toes, etc. Now we're going to discuss several different foot set-ups that can be used for different purposes. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.401" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_01.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 44. A (wrong) leg rig.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > First let's see how a bad foot set-up looks like (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.401" >Figure 44</A >). </P ><P > Start building a bone chain of three bones - one for the upper leg, the second one for the lower leg and the third one for foot. Now move the 3D cursor at the heel joint and add another bone - this will be the IK solver. Now add that bone as an IK solver constraint to the foot bone. (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.402" >Figure 45</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.402" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_02.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 45. Assigning the IK constraint.</B ></P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.403" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_03.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 46. The rig in pose mode.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Test the armature: in pose mode grab the IK solver and move it - it's moving OK. Now grab the first bone in the chain (the upper leg) and move it. The foot is moving too and we don't want this to happen! (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.403" >Figure 46</A >). </P ><P > Usually in an animation you'll move the body a lot. The upper leg bone is parented to the body and it will be affected by it. So every time you make your character move or rotate his body, the feet will slide over the ground and go under it and over it. Especially in a walkcycle, this would lead to an awful result. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.404" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_04.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 47. Adding a toe and some more IKA.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Now maybe you think this could be avoid by adding a second IK solver at the toes (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.404" >Figure 47</A >). Let's do it. Start a new armature. Add a chain of four bones: upper leg, lower leg, foot and toes. Add two IK solvers - one for the foot and one for the toes. Parent the toe IK solver bone to the foot IK solver bone. </P ><DIV CLASS="note" ><P ></P ><TABLE CLASS="note" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="25" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" ><IMG SRC="./stylesheet-images/note.gif" HSPACE="5" ALT="Note"></TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" ><P > The toe IK solver is parented to the Foot IK solver. This latter must <I CLASS="emphasis" >not</I > be children of any other bone in the armature. Be sure of this and, to delete a parent relationship, remember that you can do so by selecting the empty entry in th<TT CLASS="literal" >Child of:</TT > menu. Remember to check this for all subsequent examples. </P ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.405" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_05.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 48. Moving the leg.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Test this setup - grab the upper leg bome and move it (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.405" >Figure 48</A >). Well, now the sliding isn't so much as in the previous setup, but it's enough to ruin the animation. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.406" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_06.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 49. Rigging with a null bone.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Start a new armature. Make a chain if three bones - upper leg, lower leg and a null bone. The null bone is a small bone, that we'll add the IK solver to. Now position the 3D cursor at the heel and add the foot bone. Now add the foot bone as an IK solver constraint to the null bone (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.406" >Figure 49</A >). (You can also add another bone as an IK solver and add a "copy location" constraint to the foot bone, with the IK solver as target bone.) </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.407" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_07.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 50. Rigging with a null bone.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Test this - now it works. When you move the upper leg the foot stands still (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.407" >Figure 50</A >). That's good. But still not enough. Move the upper leg up a bit more. The leg chain goes up, but the foot stays on the ground. Well, that's a shortcoming of this set-up, but you're not supposed the raise the body so much and not move the IK solver up too during animation... </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.408" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_08.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 51. Adding the toe.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Again, build a chain of three bones - upper leg, lower leg and null bone. Position the 3D cursor at the heel and add a chain of two bones - the foot bone and the toes bone. Now add an IK solver to the foot bone (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.408" >Figure 51</A >). </P ><P > Test it. This is a good set-up with stable, isolated foot and moving toes. But you still cannot make standing on tiptoe with this set-up. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.409a" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_09a.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 52. Full complete leg rig.</B ></P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.409b" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_09b.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 53. Zoom on the foot rig.</B ></P ></DIV ><P > Build a chain of three bones - upper leg, lower leg and null bone (name it LegNull) (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.409a" >Figure 52</A >). Starting at the heel point, make a second chain of two bones only - foot bone (Foot) and a small null bone (FootNull). Position the 3D cursor at the end of the foot bone and add the toes bone (Toes). From the same point create an IK solver bone (IK_toes). Now position the 3D cursor at the heel and add another IK solver there (IK_heel). Finally, starting somewhere near the heel, add a bigger IK solver (IK_foot) (<A HREF="x7002.html#BSG.RIG.F.S68.409b" >Figure 53</A >). </P ><P > Now let's add the constraints. Do the following: </P ><P ></P ><UL ><LI ><P >To the bone "Toes" add a copy location contraint with target bone "IK_toes".</P ></LI ><LI ><P >To "FootNull" - an IK solver constraint (target - "IK_toes")</P ></LI ><LI ><P >To "Foot" - copy location (target - "LegNull").</P ></LI ><LI ><P >To "LegNull" - IK solver (target - "IK_heel")</P ></LI ></UL ><P > Well, that's it. Now test the armature. Grab "IK_foot" and move it up. Now grab "IK_toes" and move it down. The foot changes it's rotation, but it looks like the toes are disconnected from it. But if you animate carefully you'll always manage to keep the toes from going away from the foot. Now return the armature to it's initial pose. grab "IK_heel" and "LegHi" and move them up. Now the character is standing on his tiptoes. The foot may appear disconnected from the toes again, but you can fix the pose by selecting "IK_heel" only and moving it a bit forward or backwards. This setup may not be the most easy one for animation, but gives you more possibilities that the previous set-ups. Usually when you don't need to make your character stand on tiptoe, you've better stick to some of the easier set-ups. You'll never make a perfect set-up. You can just improve, but there will always be shortcomings. </P ><DIV CLASS="figure" ><A NAME="BSG.RIG.F.S68.410" ></A ><DIV CLASS="mediaobject" ><P ><IMG SRC="PartA/character_animation/gfx/fst_10.png"></P ></DIV ><P ><B >Figure 54. Testing the setup.</B ></P ></DIV ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="x6875.html" ACCESSKEY="P" ><<< Previous</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="book1.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="x7278.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next >>></A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Constraints</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="c6466.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Rigging Mechanics</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >
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