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<div class="yui-g" id="ref-forms-fields">
<div class="section" id="s-module-django.forms.fields">
<span id="s-form-fields"></span><span id="module-django.forms.fields"></span><span id="form-fields"></span><h1>Form fields<a class="headerlink" href="#module-django.forms.fields" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.Field">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">Field</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>When you create a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form</span></tt> class, the most important part is defining the
fields of the form. Each field has custom validation logic, along with a few
other hooks.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.clean">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">clean</tt>(<em>value</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.clean" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>Although the primary way you’ll use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes is in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form</span></tt> classes,
you can also instantiate them and use them directly to get a better idea of
how they work. Each <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> instance has a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">clean()</span></tt> method, which takes
a single argument and either raises a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.forms.ValidationError</span></tt>
exception or returns the clean value:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">django</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">forms</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EmailField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foo@example.com'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'foo@example.com'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">u'foo@example.com'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'foo@example.com'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'invalid e-mail address'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
<span class="c">...</span>
<span class="nc">ValidationError</span>: <span class="n-Identifier">[u'Enter a valid e-mail address.']</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-core-field-arguments">
<span id="core-field-arguments"></span><h2>Core field arguments<a class="headerlink" href="#core-field-arguments" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Each <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following
should <em>always</em> be accepted:</p>
<div class="section" id="s-required">
<span id="required"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#required" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.required">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">required</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.required" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>By default, each <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> class assumes the value is required, so if you pass
an empty value -- either <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> or the empty string (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">""</span></tt>) -- then
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">clean()</span></tt> will raise a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt> exception:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'foo'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
<span class="c">...</span>
<span class="nc">ValidationError</span>: <span class="n-Identifier">[u'This field is required.']</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
<span class="c">...</span>
<span class="nc">ValidationError</span>: <span class="n-Identifier">[u'This field is required.']</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">' '</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u' '</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'0'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'True'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'False'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To specify that a field is <em>not</em> required, pass <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required=False</span></tt> to the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> constructor:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'foo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'foo'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u''</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u''</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'0'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'True'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'False'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> has <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required=False</span></tt> and you pass <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">clean()</span></tt> an empty value,
then <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">clean()</span></tt> will return a <em>normalized</em> empty value rather than raising
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt>. For <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CharField</span></tt>, this will be a Unicode empty string.
For other <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes, it might be <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>. (This varies from field to
field.)</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-label">
<span id="label"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#label" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.label">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">label</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.label" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label</span></tt> argument lets you specify the "human-friendly" label for this
field. This is used when the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> is displayed in a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form</span></tt>.</p>
<p>As explained in "Outputting forms as HTML" above, the default label for a
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> is generated from the field name by converting all underscores to
spaces and upper-casing the first letter. Specify <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label</span></tt> if that default
behavior doesn't result in an adequate label.</p>
<p>Here's a full example <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form</span></tt> that implements <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label</span></tt> for two of its fields.
We've specified <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">auto_id=False</span></tt> to simplify the output:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Your name'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">URLField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Your Web site'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">comment</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">auto_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">f</span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Your name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Your Web site:</th><td><input type="text" name="url" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" /></td></tr></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-initial">
<span id="initial"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#initial" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.initial">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">initial</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.initial" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial</span></tt> argument lets you specify the initial value to use when
rendering this <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> in an unbound <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form</span></tt>.</p>
<p>To specify dynamic initial data, see the <a class="reference internal" href="api.html#django.forms.Form.initial" title="django.forms.Form.initial"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form.initial</span></tt></a> parameter.</p>
<p>The use-case for this is when you want to display an "empty" form in which a
field is initialized to a particular value. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initial</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Your name'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">URLField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initial</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'http://'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">comment</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">auto_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">f</span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="text" name="url" value="http://" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" /></td></tr></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You may be thinking, why not just pass a dictionary of the initial values as
data when displaying the form? Well, if you do that, you'll trigger validation,
and the HTML output will include any validation errors:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">URLField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">comment</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">default_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'Your name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'url'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'http://'</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">default_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">auto_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">f</span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Url:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid URL.</li></ul><input type="text" name="url" value="http://" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Comment:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="comment" /></td></tr></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is why <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial</span></tt> values are only displayed for unbound forms. For bound
forms, the HTML output will use the bound data.</p>
<p>Also note that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial</span></tt> values are <em>not</em> used as "fallback" data in
validation if a particular field's value is not given. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial</span></tt> values are
<em>only</em> intended for initial form display:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initial</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'Your name'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">URLField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initial</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'http://'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">comment</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'name'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'url'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'comment'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'Foo'</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CommentForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_valid</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go">False</span>
<span class="go"># The form does *not* fall back to using the initial values.</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">errors</span>
<span class="go">{'url': [u'This field is required.'], 'name': [u'This field is required.']}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Instead of a constant, you can also pass any callable:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DateForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">day</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">initial</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">today</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">DateForm</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Day:</th><td><input type="text" name="day" value="12/23/2008" /><td></tr></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The callable will be evaluated only when the unbound form is displayed, not when it is defined.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-widget">
<span id="widget"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">widget</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#widget" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.widget">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">widget</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.widget" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">widget</span></tt> argument lets you specify a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Widget</span></tt> class to use when
rendering this <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt>. See <a class="reference internal" href="widgets.html"><em>Widgets</em></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-help-text">
<span id="help-text"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">help_text</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#help-text" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.help_text">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">help_text</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.help_text" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">help_text</span></tt> argument lets you specify descriptive text for this
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt>. If you provide <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">help_text</span></tt>, it will be displayed next to the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> when the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> is rendered by one of the convenience <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form</span></tt>
methods (e.g., <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">as_ul()</span></tt>).</p>
<p>Here's a full example <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Form</span></tt> that implements <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">help_text</span></tt> for two of its
fields. We've specified <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">auto_id=False</span></tt> to simplify the output:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HelpTextContactForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Form</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">subject</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">help_text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'100 characters max.'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">message</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">sender</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EmailField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">help_text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'A valid e-mail address, please.'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">cc_myself</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BooleanField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">HelpTextContactForm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">auto_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_table</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Subject:</th><td><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" /><br />100 characters max.</td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Message:</th><td><input type="text" name="message" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Sender:</th><td><input type="text" name="sender" /><br />A valid e-mail address, please.</td></tr></span>
<span class="go"><tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></td></tr></span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_ul</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go"><li>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" /> 100 characters max.</li></span>
<span class="go"><li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" /></li></span>
<span class="go"><li>Sender: <input type="text" name="sender" /> A valid e-mail address, please.</li></span>
<span class="go"><li>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></li></span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_p</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="go"><p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" /> 100 characters max.</p></span>
<span class="go"><p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" /></p></span>
<span class="go"><p>Sender: <input type="text" name="sender" /> A valid e-mail address, please.</p></span>
<span class="go"><p>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></p></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-error-messages">
<span id="error-messages"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_messages</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#error-messages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.0:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../../releases/1.0.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.error_messages">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">error_messages</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.error_messages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_messages</span></tt> argument lets you override the default messages that the
field will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you
want to override. For example, here is the default error message:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">generic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">generic</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
<span class="c">...</span>
<span class="nc">ValidationError</span>: <span class="n-Identifier">[u'This field is required.']</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And here is a custom error message:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">error_messages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'required'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'Please enter your name'</span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
<span class="c">...</span>
<span class="nc">ValidationError</span>: <span class="n-Identifier">[u'Please enter your name']</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the <a class="reference internal" href="#built-in-field-classes">built-in Field classes</a> section below, each <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> defines the
error message keys it uses.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-validators">
<span id="validators"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validators</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#validators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.2:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../../releases/1.2.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.validators">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">validators</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.validators" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validators</span></tt> argument lets you provide a list of validation functions
for this field.</p>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="../validators.html"><em>validators documentation</em></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-localize">
<span id="localize"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">localize</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#localize" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.2:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../../releases/1.2.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.Field.localize">
<tt class="descclassname">Field.</tt><tt class="descname">localize</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.Field.localize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">localize</span></tt> argument enables the localization of form data, input as well
as the rendered output.</p>
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="../../topics/i18n/localization.html#format-localization"><em>format localization</em></a> documentation for
more information.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-built-in-field-classes">
<span id="built-in-field-classes"></span><h2>Built-in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-field-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Naturally, the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">forms</span></tt> library comes with a set of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes that
represent common validation needs. This section documents each built-in field.</p>
<p>For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don't specify
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">widget</span></tt>. We also specify the value returned when you provide an empty value
(see the section on <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt> above to understand what that means).</p>
<div class="section" id="s-booleanfield">
<span id="booleanfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BooleanField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#booleanfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.BooleanField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">BooleanField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.BooleanField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CheckboxInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> or <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> value.</li>
<li>Validates that the value is <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> (e.g. the check box is checked) if
the field has <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required=True</span></tt>.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="versionchanged">
<span class="title">Changed in Django 1.0:</span> The empty value for a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CheckboxInput</span></tt> (and hence the standard
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BooleanField</span></tt>) has changed to return <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> instead of <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> in
the Django 1.0.</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Since all <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> subclasses have <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required=True</span></tt> by default, the
validation condition here is important. If you want to include a boolean
in your form that can be either <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> or <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> (e.g. a checked or
unchecked checkbox), you must remember to pass in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required=False</span></tt> when
creating the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BooleanField</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-charfield">
<span id="charfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CharField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#charfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.CharField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">CharField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.CharField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_length</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_length</span></tt>, if they are provided.
Otherwise, all inputs are valid.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_length</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_length</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Has two optional arguments for validation:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.CharField.max_length">
<tt class="descclassname">CharField.</tt><tt class="descname">max_length</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.CharField.max_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.CharField.min_length">
<tt class="descclassname">CharField.</tt><tt class="descname">min_length</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.CharField.min_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least
the given length.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-choicefield">
<span id="choicefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ChoiceField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#choicefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.ChoiceField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">ChoiceField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ChoiceField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Select</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value exists in the list of choices.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid_choice</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one extra required argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.ChoiceField.choices">
<tt class="descclassname">ChoiceField.</tt><tt class="descname">choices</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ChoiceField.choices" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>An iterable (e.g., a list or tuple) of 2-tuples to use as choices for this
field.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-typedchoicefield">
<span id="typedchoicefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypedChoiceField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#typedchoicefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.TypedChoiceField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">TypedChoiceField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.TypedChoiceField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>Just like a <a class="reference internal" href="#django.forms.ChoiceField" title="django.forms.ChoiceField"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ChoiceField</span></tt></a>, except <a class="reference internal" href="#django.forms.TypedChoiceField" title="django.forms.TypedChoiceField"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypedChoiceField</span></tt></a> takes an
extra <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">coerce</span></tt> argument.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Select</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: Whatever you've given as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">empty_value</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: the value returned by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">coerce</span></tt> argument.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value exists in the list of choices.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid_choice</span></tt></li>
</ul>
<p>Takes extra arguments:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.TypedChoiceField.coerce">
<tt class="descclassname">TypedChoiceField.</tt><tt class="descname">coerce</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.TypedChoiceField.coerce" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A function that takes one argument and returns a coerced value. Examples
include the built-in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">float</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bool</span></tt> and other types. Defaults
to an identity function.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.TypedChoiceField.empty_value">
<tt class="descclassname">TypedChoiceField.</tt><tt class="descname">empty_value</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.TypedChoiceField.empty_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The value to use to represent "empty." Defaults to the empty string;
<tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> is another common choice here.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-datefield">
<span id="datefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.DateField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">DateField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DateField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.date</span></tt> object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is either a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.date</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt> or string formatted in a particular date format.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one optional argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.DateField.input_formats">
<tt class="descclassname">DateField.</tt><tt class="descname">input_formats</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DateField.input_formats" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.date</span></tt> object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>If no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input_formats</span></tt> argument is provided, the default input formats are:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="s">'%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '2006-10-25', '10/25/2006', '10/25/06'</span>
<span class="s">'%b </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'%b </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">, %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># 'Oct 25 2006', 'Oct 25, 2006'</span>
<span class="s">'</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %b %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %b, %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '25 Oct 2006', '25 Oct, 2006'</span>
<span class="s">'%B </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'%B </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">, %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># 'October 25 2006', 'October 25, 2006'</span>
<span class="s">'</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %B %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %B, %Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '25 October 2006', '25 October, 2006'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<span class="title">Changed in Django 1.1:</span> The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateField</span></tt> previously used a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt> widget by default. It now
uses a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateInput</span></tt> widget.</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-datetimefield">
<span id="datetimefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateTimeField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#datetimefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.DateTimeField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">DateTimeField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DateTimeField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateTimeInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt> object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is either a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.date</span></tt> or string formatted in a particular datetime format.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one optional argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.DateTimeField.input_formats">
<tt class="descclassname">DateTimeField.</tt><tt class="descname">input_formats</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DateTimeField.input_formats" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt> object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>If no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input_formats</span></tt> argument is provided, the default input formats are:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="s">'%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %H:%M:%S'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '2006-10-25 14:30:59'</span>
<span class="s">'%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s"> %H:%M'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '2006-10-25 14:30'</span>
<span class="s">'%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '2006-10-25'</span>
<span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%Y %H:%M:%S'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '10/25/2006 14:30:59'</span>
<span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%Y %H:%M'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '10/25/2006 14:30'</span>
<span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%Y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '10/25/2006'</span>
<span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%y %H:%M:%S'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '10/25/06 14:30:59'</span>
<span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%y %H:%M'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '10/25/06 14:30'</span>
<span class="s">'%m/</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s">/%y'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '10/25/06'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<span class="title">Changed in Django 1.0:</span> The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateTimeField</span></tt> used to use a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt> widget by default. This has now changed.</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-decimalfield">
<span id="decimalfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DecimalField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#decimalfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.0:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../../releases/1.0.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.DecimalField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">DecimalField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DecimalField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">decimal</span></tt>.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is a decimal. Leading and trailing
whitespace is ignored.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_value</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_value</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_digits</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_decimal_places</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_whole_digits</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes four optional arguments:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.DecimalField.max_value">
<tt class="descclassname">DecimalField.</tt><tt class="descname">max_value</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DecimalField.max_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.DecimalField.min_value">
<tt class="descclassname">DecimalField.</tt><tt class="descname">min_value</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DecimalField.min_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>These attributes define the limits for the fields value.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.DecimalField.max_digits">
<tt class="descclassname">DecimalField.</tt><tt class="descname">max_digits</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DecimalField.max_digits" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum number of digits (those before the decimal point plus those
after the decimal point, with leading zeros stripped) permitted in the
value.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.DecimalField.decimal_places">
<tt class="descclassname">DecimalField.</tt><tt class="descname">decimal_places</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.DecimalField.decimal_places" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The maximum number of decimal places permitted.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-emailfield">
<span id="emailfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EmailField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#emailfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.EmailField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">EmailField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.EmailField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is a valid e-mail address, using a
moderately complex regular expression.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Has two optional arguments for validation, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_length</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_length</span></tt>.
If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the
given length.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<span class="title">Changed in Django 1.2:</span> The EmailField previously did not recognize e-mail addresses as valid that
contained an IDN (Internationalized Domain Name; a domain containing
unicode characters) domain part. This has now been corrected.</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-filefield">
<span id="filefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FileField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#filefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.0:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../../releases/1.0.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.FileField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">FileField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.FileField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: An <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UploadedFile</span></tt> object that wraps the file content
and file name into a single object.</li>
<li>Validates that non-empty file data has been bound to the form.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">missing</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">empty</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>To learn more about the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UploadedFile</span></tt> object, see the <a class="reference internal" href="../../topics/http/file-uploads.html"><em>file uploads
documentation</em></a>.</p>
<p>When you use a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FileField</span></tt> in a form, you must also remember to
<a class="reference internal" href="api.html#binding-uploaded-files"><em>bind the file data to the form</em></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-filepathfield">
<span id="filepathfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FilePathField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#filepathfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.0:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../../releases/1.0.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.FilePathField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">FilePathField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.FilePathField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Select</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A unicode object</li>
<li>Validates that the selected choice exists in the list of choices.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid_choice</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>The field allows choosing from files inside a certain directory. It takes three
extra arguments; only <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">path</span></tt> is required:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.FilePathField.path">
<tt class="descclassname">FilePathField.</tt><tt class="descname">path</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.FilePathField.path" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The absolute path to the directory whose contents you want listed. This
directory must exist.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.FilePathField.recursive">
<tt class="descclassname">FilePathField.</tt><tt class="descname">recursive</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.FilePathField.recursive" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> (the default) only the direct contents of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">path</span></tt> will be
offered as choices. If <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, the directory will be descended into
recursively and all descendants will be listed as choices.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.FilePathField.match">
<tt class="descclassname">FilePathField.</tt><tt class="descname">match</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.FilePathField.match" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A regular expression pattern; only files with names matching this expression
will be allowed as choices.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-floatfield">
<span id="floatfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FloatField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#floatfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python float.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is an float. Leading and trailing
whitespace is allowed, as in Python's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">float()</span></tt> function.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_value</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_value</span></tt></li>
</ul>
<p>Takes two optional arguments for validation, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_value</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_value</span></tt>.
These control the range of values permitted in the field.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-imagefield">
<span id="imagefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImageField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#imagefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
<span class="title">New in Django 1.0:</span> <a class="reference internal" href="../../releases/1.0.html"><em>Please, see the release notes</em></a></div>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.ImageField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">ImageField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ImageField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: An <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UploadedFile</span></tt> object that wraps the file content
and file name into a single object.</li>
<li>Validates that file data has been bound to the form, and that the
file is of an image format understood by PIL.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">missing</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">empty</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid_image</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Using an ImageField requires that the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/">Python Imaging Library</a> is installed.</p>
<p>When you use an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImageField</span></tt> on a form, you must also remember to
<a class="reference internal" href="api.html#binding-uploaded-files"><em>bind the file data to the form</em></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-integerfield">
<span id="integerfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IntegerField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#integerfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.IntegerField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">IntegerField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.IntegerField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python integer or long integer.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is an integer. Leading and trailing
whitespace is allowed, as in Python's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">int()</span></tt> function.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_value</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_value</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes two optional arguments for validation:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.IntegerField.max_value">
<tt class="descclassname">IntegerField.</tt><tt class="descname">max_value</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.IntegerField.max_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.IntegerField.min_value">
<tt class="descclassname">IntegerField.</tt><tt class="descname">min_value</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.IntegerField.min_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>These control the range of values permitted in the field.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-ipaddressfield">
<span id="ipaddressfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IPAddressField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#ipaddressfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.IPAddressField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">IPAddressField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.IPAddressField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is a valid IPv4 address, using a regular
expression.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-multiplechoicefield">
<span id="multiplechoicefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultipleChoiceField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#multiplechoicefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.MultipleChoiceField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">MultipleChoiceField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.MultipleChoiceField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SelectMultiple</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[]</span></tt> (an empty list)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A list of Unicode objects.</li>
<li>Validates that every value in the given list of values exists in the list
of choices.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid_choice</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid_list</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one extra argument, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">choices</span></tt>, as for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ChoiceField</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-nullbooleanfield">
<span id="nullbooleanfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NullBooleanField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#nullbooleanfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.NullBooleanField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">NullBooleanField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.NullBooleanField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NullBooleanSelect</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> or <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> value.</li>
<li>Validates nothing (i.e., it never raises a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt>).</li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-regexfield">
<span id="regexfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#regexfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.RegexField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">RegexField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.RegexField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value matches against a certain regular
expression.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one required argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.RegexField.regex">
<tt class="descclassname">RegexField.</tt><tt class="descname">regex</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.RegexField.regex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A regular expression specified either as a string or a compiled regular
expression object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Also takes <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_length</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">min_length</span></tt>, which work just as they do for
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CharField</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The optional argument <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_message</span></tt> is also accepted for backwards
compatibility. The preferred way to provide an error message is to use the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_messages</span></tt> argument, passing a dictionary with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'invalid'</span></tt> as a key
and the error message as the value.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-slugfield">
<span id="slugfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SlugField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#slugfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.SlugField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">SlugField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.SlugField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value contains only letters, numbers and
hyphens.</li>
<li>Error messages: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>This field is intended for use in representing a model
<a class="reference internal" href="../models/fields.html#django.db.models.SlugField" title="django.db.models.SlugField"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SlugField</span></tt></a> in forms.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-timefield">
<span id="timefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimeField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#timefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.TimeField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">TimeField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.TimeField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.time</span></tt> object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is either a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.time</span></tt> or string
formatted in a particular time format.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one optional argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.TimeField.input_formats">
<tt class="descclassname">TimeField.</tt><tt class="descname">input_formats</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.TimeField.input_formats" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.time</span></tt> object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>If no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input_formats</span></tt> argument is provided, the default input formats are:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="s">'%H:%M:%S'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '14:30:59'</span>
<span class="s">'%H:%M'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># '14:30'</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-urlfield">
<span id="urlfield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">URLField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#urlfield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.URLField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">URLField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.URLField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is a valid URL.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid_link</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes the following optional arguments:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.URLField.max_length">
<tt class="descclassname">URLField.</tt><tt class="descname">max_length</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.URLField.max_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.URLField.min_length">
<tt class="descclassname">URLField.</tt><tt class="descname">min_length</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.URLField.min_length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CharField.max_length</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CharField.min_length</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.URLField.verify_exists">
<tt class="descclassname">URLField.</tt><tt class="descname">verify_exists</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.URLField.verify_exists" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>, the validator will attempt to load the given URL, raising
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ValidationError</span></tt> if the page gives a 404. Defaults to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.URLField.validator_user_agent">
<tt class="descclassname">URLField.</tt><tt class="descname">validator_user_agent</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.URLField.validator_user_agent" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>String used as the user-agent used when checking for a URL's existence.
Defaults to the value of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">URL_VALIDATOR_USER_AGENT</span></tt> setting.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="versionchanged">
<span class="title">Changed in Django 1.2:</span> The URLField previously did not recognize URLs as valid that contained an IDN
(Internationalized Domain Name; a domain name containing unicode characters)
domain name. This has now been corrected.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-slightly-complex-built-in-field-classes">
<span id="slightly-complex-built-in-field-classes"></span><h2>Slightly complex built-in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes<a class="headerlink" href="#slightly-complex-built-in-field-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="s-combofield">
<span id="combofield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ComboField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#combofield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.ComboField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">ComboField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ComboField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Unicode object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value against each of the fields specified
as an argument to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ComboField</span></tt>.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one extra required argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.ComboField.fields">
<tt class="descclassname">ComboField.</tt><tt class="descname">fields</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ComboField.fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The list of fields that should be used to validate the field's value (in
the order in which they are provided).</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ComboField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fields</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">CharField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_length</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">EmailField</span><span class="p">()])</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'test@example.com'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">u'test@example.com'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'longemailaddress@example.com'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gt">Traceback (most recent call last):</span>
<span class="c">...</span>
<span class="nc">ValidationError</span>: <span class="n-Identifier">[u'Ensure this value has at most 20 characters (it has 28).']</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-multivaluefield">
<span id="multivaluefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultiValuefield</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#multivaluefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.MultiValueField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">MultiValueField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.MultiValueField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">''</span></tt> (an empty string)</li>
<li>Normalizes to: the type returned by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compress</span></tt> method of the subclass.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value against each of the fields specified
as an argument to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultiValueField</span></tt>.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
<p>This abstract field (must be subclassed) aggregates the logic of multiple
fields. Subclasses should not have to implement clean(). Instead, they must
implement compress(), which takes a list of valid values and returns a
"compressed" version of those values -- a single value. For example,
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.forms.SplitDateTimeField" title="django.forms.SplitDateTimeField"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">SplitDateTimeField</span></tt></a> is a subclass which combines a time field and
a date field into a datetime object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes one extra required argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.MultiValueField.fields">
<tt class="descclassname">MultiValueField.</tt><tt class="descname">fields</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.MultiValueField.fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A list of fields which are cleaned into a single field. Each value in
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">clean</span></tt> is cleaned by the corresponding field in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fields</span></tt> -- the first
value is cleaned by the first field, the second value is cleaned by
the second field, etc. Once all fields are cleaned, the list of clean
values is "compressed" into a single value.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-splitdatetimefield">
<span id="splitdatetimefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SplitDateTimeField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#splitdatetimefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.SplitDateTimeField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">SplitDateTimeField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.SplitDateTimeField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><ul class="simple">
<li>Default widget: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SplitDateTimeWidget</span></tt></li>
<li>Empty value: <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt></li>
<li>Normalizes to: A Python <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt> object.</li>
<li>Validates that the given value is a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></tt> or string
formatted in a particular datetime format.</li>
<li>Error message keys: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">invalid</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<p>Takes two optional arguments:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.SplitDateTimeField.input_date_formats">
<tt class="descclassname">SplitDateTimeField.</tt><tt class="descname">input_date_formats</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.SplitDateTimeField.input_date_formats" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.date</span></tt> object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>If no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input_date_formats</span></tt> argument is provided, the default input formats
for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateField</span></tt> are used.</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.SplitDateTimeField.input_time_formats">
<tt class="descclassname">SplitDateTimeField.</tt><tt class="descname">input_time_formats</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.SplitDateTimeField.input_time_formats" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime.time</span></tt> object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>If no <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input_time_formats</span></tt> argument is provided, the default input formats
for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimeField</span></tt> are used.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<span class="title">Changed in Django 1.1:</span> The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SplitDateTimeField</span></tt> previously used two <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TextInput</span></tt> widgets by
default. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input_date_formats</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input_time_formats</span></tt> arguments
are also new.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-fields-which-handle-relationships">
<span id="fields-which-handle-relationships"></span><h2>Fields which handle relationships<a class="headerlink" href="#fields-which-handle-relationships" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Two fields are available for representing relationships between
models: <a class="reference internal" href="#django.forms.ModelChoiceField" title="django.forms.ModelChoiceField"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField" title="django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></tt></a>. Both of these fields require a
single <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">queryset</span></tt> parameter that is used to create the choices for
the field. Upon form validation, these fields will place either one
model object (in the case of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt>) or multiple model
objects (in the case of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></tt>) into the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cleaned_data</span></tt> dictionary of the form.</p>
<div class="section" id="s-modelchoicefield">
<span id="modelchoicefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#modelchoicefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.ModelChoiceField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">ModelChoiceField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ModelChoiceField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>Allows the selection of a single model object, suitable for
representing a foreign key. A single argument is required:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.ModelChoiceField.queryset">
<tt class="descclassname">ModelChoiceField.</tt><tt class="descname">queryset</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ModelChoiceField.queryset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QuerySet</span></tt> of model objects from which the choices for the
field will be derived, and which will be used to validate the
user's selection.</p>
</dd></dl>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt> also takes one optional argument:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.ModelChoiceField.empty_label">
<tt class="descclassname">ModelChoiceField.</tt><tt class="descname">empty_label</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ModelChoiceField.empty_label" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>By default the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><select></span></tt> widget used by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt> will have a
an empty choice at the top of the list. You can change the text of this
label (which is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"---------"</span></tt> by default) with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">empty_label</span></tt>
attribute, or you can disable the empty label entirely by setting
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">empty_label</span></tt> to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c"># A custom empty label</span>
<span class="n">field1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ModelChoiceField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queryset</span><span class="o">=...</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">empty_label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"(Nothing)"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c"># No empty label</span>
<span class="n">field2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">forms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ModelChoiceField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queryset</span><span class="o">=...</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">empty_label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that if a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt> is required and has a default
initial value, no empty choice is created (regardless of the value
of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">empty_label</span></tt>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__unicode__</span></tt> method of the model will be called to generate
string representations of the objects for use in the field's choices;
to provide customized representations, subclass <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt>
and override <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label_from_instance</span></tt>. This method will receive a model
object, and should return a string suitable for representing it. For
example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyModelChoiceField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ModelChoiceField</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">label_from_instance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">"My Object #</span><span class="si">%i</span><span class="s">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-modelmultiplechoicefield">
<span id="modelmultiplechoicefield"></span><h3><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#modelmultiplechoicefield" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">ModelMultipleChoiceField</tt>(<em>**kwargs</em>)<a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>Allows the selection of one or more model objects, suitable for
representing a many-to-many relation. As with <a class="reference internal" href="#django.forms.ModelChoiceField" title="django.forms.ModelChoiceField"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt></a>,
you can use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label_from_instance</span></tt> to customize the object
representations, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">queryset</span></tt> is a required parameter:</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField.queryset">
<tt class="descclassname">ModelMultipleChoiceField.</tt><tt class="descname">queryset</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField.queryset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QuerySet</span></tt> of model objects from which the choices for the
field will be derived, and which will be used to validate the
user's selection.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="s-creating-custom-fields">
<span id="creating-custom-fields"></span><h2>Creating custom fields<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-custom-fields" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If the built-in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes don't meet your needs, you can easily create
custom <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes. To do this, just create a subclass of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">django.forms.Field</span></tt>. Its only requirements are that it implement a
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">clean()</span></tt> method and that its <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__init__()</span></tt> method accept the core arguments
mentioned above (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">widget</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">help_text</span></tt>).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yui-b" id="sidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><a href="../../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Form fields</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#core-field-arguments">Core field arguments</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#required"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">required</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#label"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">label</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initial"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#widget"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">widget</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#help-text"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">help_text</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#error-messages"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_messages</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#validators"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validators</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#localize"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">localize</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#built-in-field-classes">Built-in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#booleanfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BooleanField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#charfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CharField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#choicefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ChoiceField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#typedchoicefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypedChoiceField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#datefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#datetimefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DateTimeField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#decimalfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DecimalField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#emailfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EmailField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FileField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filepathfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FilePathField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#floatfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">FloatField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#imagefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ImageField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#integerfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IntegerField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ipaddressfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">IPAddressField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#multiplechoicefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultipleChoiceField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#nullbooleanfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NullBooleanField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#regexfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RegexField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#slugfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SlugField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#timefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TimeField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#urlfield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">URLField</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#slightly-complex-built-in-field-classes">Slightly complex built-in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Field</span></tt> classes</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#combofield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ComboField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#multivaluefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultiValuefield</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#splitdatetimefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SplitDateTimeField</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fields-which-handle-relationships">Fields which handle relationships</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#modelchoicefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelChoiceField</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#modelmultiplechoicefield"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ModelMultipleChoiceField</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-custom-fields">Creating custom fields</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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