<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>GRASS GIS: i.maxlik</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="grassdocs.css" type="text/css"> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <img src="grass_logo.png" alt="GRASS logo"><hr align=center size=6 noshade> <h2>NAME</h2> <em><b>i.maxlik</b></em> - Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.<BR> Classification is based on the spectral signature information generated by either i.cluster, i.class, or i.gensig. <h2>KEYWORDS</h2> imagery <h2>SYNOPSIS</h2> <b>i.maxlik</b><br> <b>i.maxlik help</b><br> <b>i.maxlik</b> [-<b>q</b>] <b>group</b>=<em>name</em> <b>subgroup</b>=<em>string</em> <b>sigfile</b>=<em>string</em> <b>class</b>=<em>string</em> [<b>reject</b>=<em>string</em>] [--<b>verbose</b>] [--<b>quiet</b>] <h3>Flags:</h3> <DL> <DT><b>-q</b></DT> <DD>Run quietly</DD> <DT><b>--verbose</b></DT> <DD>Verbose module output</DD> <DT><b>--quiet</b></DT> <DD>Quiet module output</DD> </DL> <h3>Parameters:</h3> <DL> <DT><b>group</b>=<em>name</em></DT> <DD>Imagery group to be classified</DD> <DT><b>subgroup</b>=<em>string</em></DT> <DD>Subgroup containing image files to be classified</DD> <DT><b>sigfile</b>=<em>string</em></DT> <DD>Signatures to use for classification</DD> <DT><b>class</b>=<em>string</em></DT> <DD>Raster map to hold classification results</DD> <DT><b>reject</b>=<em>string</em></DT> <DD>Raster map to hold reject threshold results</DD> </DL> <H2>DESCRIPTION</H2> <EM>i.maxlik</EM> is a maximum-likelihood discriminant analysis classifier. It can be used to perform the second step in either an unsupervised or a supervised image classification. <P> Either image classification methods are performed in two steps. The first step in an unsupervised image classification is performed by <EM><A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></EM>; the first step in a supervised classification is executed by the GRASS program <EM> <A HREF="i.class.html">i.class</A></EM>. In both cases, the second step in the image classification procedure is performed by <EM>i.maxlik</EM>. <P> In an unsupervised classification, the maximum-likelihood classifier uses the cluster means and covariance matrices from the <EM><A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></EM> signature file to determine to which category (spectral class) each cell in the image has the highest probability of belonging. In a supervised image classification, the maximum-likelihood classifier uses the region means and covariance matrices from the spectral signature file generated by <EM> <A HREF="i.class.html">i.class</A></EM>, based on regions (groups of image pixels) chosen by the user, to determine to which category each cell in the image has the highest probability of belonging. <P> In either case, the raster map layer output by <EM>i.maxlik</EM> is a classified image in which each cell has been assigned to a spectral class (i.e., a category). The spectral classes (categories) can be related to specific land cover types on the ground. <P> The program will run non-interactively if the user specifies the names of raster map layers, i.e., group and subgroup names, seed signature file name, result classification file name, and any combination of non-required options in the command line, using the form <DL> <DD> <B>i.maxlik</B>[<B>-q</B>] <B>group=</B><EM>name</EM> <B>subgroup=</B><EM>name</EM> <B>sigfile=</B><EM>name</EM> <B>class=</B><EM>name</EM> [<B>reject=</B><EM>name</EM>] </DL> where each flag and options have the meanings stated below. <P> Alternatively, the user can simply type <EM>i.maxlik</EM> in the command line without program arguments. In this case the user will be prompted for the program parameter settings; the program will run foreground. <H2>OPTIONS</H2> <H3>Flags:</H3> <DL> <DT><B>-q</B> <DD>Run quietly, without printing program messages to standard output. </DL> <H3>Parameters:</H3> <DL> <DT><B>group=</B><EM>name</EM> <DD>The <A HREF="i.group.html">imagery</A> group contains the subgroup to be classified. <DT><B>subgroup=</B><EM>name</EM> <DD>The subgroup contains image files, which were used to create the signature file in the program <EM><A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></EM>, <EM><A HREF="i.class.html">i.class</A></EM>, or <EM><A HREF="i.gensig.html">i.gensig</A></EM> to be classified. <DT><B>sigfile=</B><EM>name</EM> <DD>The name of the signatures to be used for the classification. The signature file contains the cluster and covariance matrices that were calculated by the GRASS program <EM><A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></EM> (or the region means and covariance matrices generated by <EM><A HREF="i.class.html">i.class</A></EM>, if the user runs a supervised classification). These spectral signatures are what determine the categories (classes) to which image pixels will be assigned during the classification process. <DT><B>class=</B><EM>name</EM> <DD>The name of a raster map holds the classification results. This new raster map layer will contain categories that can be related to land cover categories on the ground. <DT><B>reject=</B><EM>name</EM> <DD>The optional name of a raster map holds the reject threshold results. This is the result of a chi square test on each discriminant result at various threshold levels of confidence to determine at what confidence level each cell classified (categorized). It is the reject threshold map layer, and contains one calculated confidence level for each classified cell in the classified image. One of the possible uses for this map layer is as a mask, to identify cells in the classified image that have the lowest probability of being assigned to the correct class. </DL> <H2>NOTES</H2> The maximum-likelihood classifier assumes that the spectral signatures for each class (category) in each band file are normally distributed (i.e., Gaussian in nature). Algorithms, such as <EM><A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A></EM>, <EM><A HREF="i.class.html">i.class</A></EM>, or <EM><A HREF="i.gensig.html">i.gensig</A></EM>, however, can create signatures that are not valid distributed (more likely with <EM><A HREF="i.class.html">i.class</A>).</EM> If this occurs, <EM>i.maxlik</EM> will reject them and display a warning message. <P> This program runs interactively if the user types <EM>i.maxlik</EM> only. If the user types <EM>i.maxlik</EM> along with all required options, it will overwrite the classified raster map without prompting if this map existed. <H2>SEE ALSO</H2> The GRASS 4 <em> <A HREF="http://grass.itc.it/gdp/imagery/grass4_image_processing.pdf">Image Processing manual</A></EM> <P> <EM> <A HREF="i.class.html">i.class</A><br> <A HREF="i.cluster.html">i.cluster</A><br> <A HREF="i.gensig.html">i.gensig</A><br> <A HREF="i.group.html">i.group</A> </EM> <H2>AUTHORS</H2> Michael Shapiro, U.S.Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory <BR> Tao Wen, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois <p> <i>Last changed: $Date: 2007-06-14 14:18:14 +0200 (Thu, 14 Jun 2007) $</i> <HR> <P><a href="index.html">Main index</a> - <a href="imagery.html">imagery index</a> - <a href="full_index.html">Full index</a></P> <P>© 2003-2008 <a href="http://grass.osgeo.org">GRASS Development Team</a></p> </body> </html>
