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<h2>NAME</h2>
<em><b>ps.map</b></em> - Hardcopy PostScript map output utility.
<h2>KEYWORDS</h2>
postscript, map, printing
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
<b>ps.map</b><br>
<b>ps.map help</b><br>
<b>ps.map</b> [-<b>rpe</b>] [<b>input</b>=<em>string</em>] [<b>output</b>=<em>string</em>] [<b>scale</b>=<em>mapscale</em>] [<b>copies</b>=<em>integer</em>] [--<b>verbose</b>] [--<b>quiet</b>]
<h3>Flags:</h3>
<DL>
<DT><b>-r</b></DT>
<DD>Rotate plot 90 degrees</DD>
<DT><b>-p</b></DT>
<DD>List paper formats ( name width height left right top bottom(margin) )</DD>
<DT><b>-e</b></DT>
<DD>Create EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) instead of PostScript file</DD>
<DT><b>--verbose</b></DT>
<DD>Verbose module output</DD>
<DT><b>--quiet</b></DT>
<DD>Quiet module output</DD>
</DL>
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<DL>
<DT><b>input</b>=<em>string</em></DT>
<DD>File containing mapping instructions (or use input=- to enter from keyboard)</DD>
<DT><b>output</b>=<em>string</em></DT>
<DD>PostScript output file</DD>
<DT><b>scale</b>=<em>mapscale</em></DT>
<DD>Scale of the output map, e.g. 1:25000 (default: Auto-sized to fit page)</DD>
<DT><b>copies</b>=<em>integer</em></DT>
<DD>Number of copies to print</DD>
<DD>Options: <em>1-20</em></DD>
</DL>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
<EM>ps.map</EM> is a cartographic mapping program for producing high quality
hardcopy maps in PostScript format. Output can include a raster map, any
number of vector overlays, text labels, decorations, and other spatial data.
<P>
A file of mapping instructions that describes the various spatial and textual
information to be printed must be prepared prior to running <EM>ps.map</EM>.
<H2>NOTES</H2>
<P>
The order of commands is generally unimportant but may affect how some layers
are drawn. For example to plot <B>vpoints</B> above <B>vareas</B> list the
<B>vpoints</B> entry first. Raster maps are always drawn first, and only a
single raster map (or 3 if part of a RGB group) may be used.
<P>
The hash character ('<tt>#</tt>') may be used at the beginning of a line
to indicate that the line is a comment. Blank lines will also be ignored.
<P>
Be aware that some mapping instructions require the <i>end</i> command
and some do not. Any instruction that allows subcommands will require
it, any instruction that does not allow subcommands will not.
<P>
The resolution and extent of raster maps plotted with <EM>ps.map</EM> are
controlled by the current region settings via the
<a href="g.region.html">g.region</a> module. The output filesize is largely
a function of the region resolution, so special care should be taken
if working with large raster datasets. For example if the desired output is
US-Letter sized paper at 300dpi, with 1" margins and the raster filling the
entire page, the usable area on the page will be 6.5" x 9", which at 300
dots/inch is equivalent to a region of 1950 columns x 2700 rows (see
"<tt>g.region -p</tt>"). Any higher resolution settings will make the
output file larger, but with a consumer printer you probably won't be able
to resolve any better detail in the hardcopy.
<P>
The user can specify negative or greater than 100 percentage values for
positioning several map decorations and embedded EPS-files, to move them
outside the current map box region (for example to position a caption,
barscale, or legend above or below the map box).
<P>
One "pixel" is 1/72 of an inch.
<P>
For users wanting to use special characters (such as accented characters) it
is important to note that <em>ps.map</em> uses <tt>ISO-8859-1</tt> encoding.
This means that your instructions file will have to be encoded in this
encoding. If you normally work in a different encoding environment (such as
<tt>UTF-8</tt>), you have to transform your file to the <tt>ISO-8859-1</tt>
encoding, for example by using the <tt>iconv</tt> utility:
</P>
<DIV class="code"><PRE>
iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO_8859-1 utf_file > iso_file
</PRE></DIV>
<P><P>
<H2>MAPPING INSTRUCTIONS</H2>
The mapping instructions allow the user to specify various spatial data
to be plotted. These instructions are normally prepared in a regular
text file using a system editor. Some instructions are single line
instructions while others are multiple line. Multiple line instructions
consist of the main instruction followed by a subsection of one or more
additional instructions and are terminated with an <i>end</i> instruction.
<P>
<h3>Instruction keywords:</h3>
[
<a href="#border">border</a> |
<a href="#colortable">colortable</a> |
<a href="#comments">comments</a> |
<a href="#copies">copies</a> |
<a href="#eps">eps</a> |
<a href="#geogrid">geogrid</a> |
<a href="#greyrast">greyrast</a> |
<a href="#grid">grid</a> |
<a href="#group">group</a> |
<a href="#header">header</a> |
<a href="#labels">labels</a> |
<a href="#line">line</a> |
<a href="#mapinfo">mapinfo</a> |
<a href="#maploc">maploc</a> |
<a href="#maskcolor">maskcolor</a> |
<a href="#outline">outline</a> |
<a href="#paper">paper</a> |
<a href="#point">point</a> |
<a href="#psfile">psfile</a> |
<a href="#raster">raster</a> |
<a href="#read">read</a> |
<a href="#rectangle">rectangle</a> |
<a href="#region">region</a> |
<a href="#rgb">rgb</a> |
<a href="#scale">scale</a> |
<a href="#scalebar">scalebar</a> |
<a href="#setcolor">setcolor</a> |
<a href="#text">text</a> |
<a href="#vareas">vareas</a> |
<a href="#vlines">vlines</a> |
<a href="#vpoints">vpoints</a> |
<a href="#vlegend">vlegend</a> |
<a href="#end">end</a>
]
<h3>Common instructions</h3>
Instructions that may be included in the subsection under several
different main instructions are:
<DL>
<DT><B>where</B> <EM>x y</EM>
<DD>The top left corner of the bounding box of the item to be plotted
is located <EM>x</EM> inches from the left edge of the paper and
<EM>y</EM> inches from the top edge of the paper. If <EM>x</EM> is less than
or equal to zero, the default horizontal location is used. If <EM>y</EM>
is less than or equal to zero, the default vertical location is used.
<DT><B>font</B> <EM>font name</EM>
<DD>The name of the PostScript font.
Fonts present in all PostScript implementations are:
<tt>
Times-Roman,
Times-Italic,
Times-Bold,
Times-BoldItalic,
Helvetica,
Helvetica-Oblique,
Helvetica-Bold,
Helvetica-BoldOblique,
Courier,
Courier-Oblique,
Courier-Bold,
and
Courier-BoldOblique</tt>.
<BR>
The default is Helvetica.
</DD>
<DT><B>fontsize</B> <EM>font size</EM>
<DD>The size of the PostScript font (in 1/72nds of an inch).
The default is 10.
</DD>
<a name="NAMED_COLORS"></a>
<DT><B>color</B> <EM>name</EM>
<DD>The following colors names are accepted by <EM>ps.map</EM>:
<tt>
aqua,
black,
blue,
brown,
cyan,
gray,
grey,
green,
indigo,
magenta,
orange,
purple,
red,
violet,
white,
yellow
</tt>.
<BR><BR>
For vectors and some plotting commands you can also specify
'<tt>none</tt>' or '<tt>R:G:B</tt>' (e.g '<tt>255:0:0</tt>').
</DD>
</DL>
<P>
<BR>
<h3>Command usage</h3>
<a name="border"></a>
<H2>border</H2>
Controls the border which is drawn around the map area.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>border</B> [y|n]
<B>color</B> color
<B>width</B> #
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The <B>color</B> may be either a standard GRASS color, a R:G:B triplet,
or "none". The width is specified in points, unless followed by an "i"
in which case it is measured in inches.
The default is a black border box of width 1 point.
<P>
The border can be turned off completely with the
"<tt>border n</tt>" instruction. In this case
the <B>end</B> command should not be given as the
main command will be treated as a single line instruction.
<P>
This example would create a grey border 0.1" wide.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>border</B>
<B>color</B> grey
<B>width</B> 0.1i
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="colortable"></a>
<H2>colortable</H2>
Prints the color table for the raster map layer anywhere on the page.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>colortable</B> [y|n]
<B>where</B> x y
<B>raster</B> raster map
<B>range</B> minimum maximum
<B>width</B> table width
<B>height</B> table height (FP legend only)
<B>cols</B> table columns
<B>font</B> font name
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>color</B> text color
<B>nodata</B> [Y|n]
<B>tickbar</B> [y|N]
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The color table will display the colors for each raster map layer
category value and the category label.
If <B>raster</B> is omitted, the colortable defaults to a previously registered raster layer.
The legend's <B>range</B> can be adjusted for floating point rasters, but if
set beyond the extent of the map's range be sure that you have set up color
rules with <em>r.colors</em> which cover this range.
The default location for the colortable is immediately below any other
map legend information, starting at the left margin.
The default text color is black.
Omitting the <B>colortable</B> instruction would result in
no color table. For floating point legends <B>width</B> is width of color
band only. <B>height</B> is used only for floating point legend.
Adding the <B>nodata n</B> instruction will prevent the "no data" box
from being drawn (category based legends only).
Adding the <B>tickbar y</B> instruction will change the tick mark style
so that ticks are drawn across the color table instead of protruding out
to the right (floating point legends only).
<P>
<B>Note</B>: Be careful about asking for color tables for
raster map layers which have many categories, such as elevation.
This could result in the printing of an extremely long color table!
<P>
Another issue is that the color table only includes categories which
have a label. If there are only a few categories, you can use
r.support to manually add labels. If there are too many categories to
do this, you could write a script to add dummy labels to the cats file<br>
(<gisdbase>/<location>/<mapset>/cats/<mapname>).
<P>
If the colortable is turned off with a "<tt>colortable n</tt>"
instruction the <B>end</B> command should not be given as the
main command will be treated as a single line instruction.
<P>
This example would print a color table immediately below any other map legend
information, starting at the left margin, with 4 columns:
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>colortable</B> y
<B>cols</B> 4
<B>width</B> 4
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="comments"></a>
<H2>comments</H2>
Prints comments anywhere on the page.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>comments</B> commentfile
<B>where</B> x y
<B>font</B> font name
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>color</B> text color
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The default location is immediately below the last item item printed,
starting at the left margin. The default text color is black.
<P>
If you wish to use parentheses spanning multiple lines you will need to
quote them with a backslash to prevent the PostScript interpreter from
getting confused. e.g. '<B><TT>\(</TT></B>' and '<B><TT>\)</TT></B>'
<P>
This example prints in blue
whatever is in the file <EM>veg.comments</EM> starting at
1.5 inches from the left edge of the page and 7.25 inches from the top of
the page, using a 15/72 inch Helvetica Bold font.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>raster</B> vegetation
<B>comments</B> veg.comments
<B>where</B> 1.5 7.25
<B>font</B> Helvetica Bold
<B>fontsize</B> 15
<B>color</B> blue
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
Presumably, the file
<EM>veg.comments</EM>
contain comments
pertaining to the raster map layer <EM>vegetation</EM>,
such as "This map was created by classifying a LANDSAT TM image".
<P>
<a name="copies"></a>
<H2>copies</H2>
Specifies the number of copies to be printed.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>copies</B> n
</PRE>
Each page will be printed n times.
<P>
This instruction is identical to the <EM>copies</EM> command line parameter.
<P>
<a name="eps"></a>
<H2>eps</H2>
Places EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) pictures on the output map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>eps</B> east north
<B>eps</B> x% y%
<B>epsfile</B> EPS file
<B>scale</B> #
<B>rotate</B> #
<B>masked</B> [y|n]
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The EPS picture location is entered in the main
instruction line by giving either the map
coordinates or by using percentages of the geographic region.
The EPS picture will be <i>centered</i> at the given position.
The user must specify full EPS file path <B>epsfile</B>.
The user may also specify the <B>scale</B> of the icon
(default is 1.0), the <B>rotate</B> i.e. rotation in degrees
(default is 0)
and whether the point is to be <B>masked</B>
by the current mask.
(See manual entry for <EM><A HREF="r.mask.html">r.mask</A></EM>
for more information on the mask.)
<P>
This example would place a EPS file ./epsf/logo.eps
at the point (E456000 N7890000). This picture would be
rotated 20 degrees clockwise, 3 times bigger than
in original file and would not be masked by the current mask.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>eps</B> 456000 7890000
<B>epsfile</B> ./epsf/logo.eps
<B>scale</B> 3
<B>rotate</B> 20
<B>masked</B> n
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
Of course, multiple EPS pictures may be drawn with multiple
<EM>eps</EM>
instructions.
<P>
<a name="geogrid"></a>
<H2>geogrid</H2>
Overlays a geographic grid onto the output map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>geogrid</B> spacing unit
<B>color</B> color
<B>numbers</B> # [color]
<B>font</B> font name
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>width</B> #
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The <B>spacing</B> and spacing unit of the geographic grid is given
on the main instruction line. The <B>spacing</B> unit is given as one of <B>d</B> for
degrees, <B>m</B> for minutes, and <B>s</B> for seconds.
The subsection instructions allow the user to specify
the <B>color</B> of the geographic grid lines,
whether coordinate <B>numbers</B> should appear
on the geographic grid lines, the <B>width</B>
of the lines (accepts decimal points [floating points]
as well as integers), and
if they should appear every grid line (1), every other grid line
(2), etc., and what color the numbers should be. The defaults are
black grid lines, unnumbered.
<P>
NOTE: The <B>geogrid</B> draws grid numbers on the east and south borders of the map.
<P>
This example would overlay a blue geographic grid with a spacing of 30 minutes
onto the output map. Alternate grid
lines would be numbered with yellow numbers.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>geogrid</B> 30 m
<B>color</B> blue
<B>numbers</B> 2 yellow
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="greyrast"></a>
<H2>greyrast</H2>
Selects a raster map layer for output in shades of grey.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>greyrast</B> mapname
</PRE>
For each
<EM>ps.map</EM>
run, only one raster map layer can be requested (using either the
<EM>greyrast</EM> or the <EM>raster</EM> instruction).
<P>
<a name="grid"></a>
<H2>grid</H2>
Overlays a coordinate grid onto the output map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>grid</B> spacing
<B>color</B> color
<B>numbers</B> # [color]
<B>cross</B> cross size
<B>font</B> font name
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>width</B> #
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The <B>spacing</B> of the grid is given (in the geographic coordinate
system units) on the main instruction line. The subsection instructions
allow the user to specify
the <B>color</B> of the grid lines,
whether coordinate <B>numbers</B> should appear
on the grid lines, and if they
should appear every grid line (1), every other grid line
(2), etc., and what color the numbers should be.
The <B>cross</B> argument draws grid intersection crosses instead of grid lines,
with cross size given in geographic coordinate system units.
The defaults are black grid lines, unnumbered.
<P>
This example would overlay a green grid with a spacing of 10000 meters
(for a metered database, like UTM) onto the output map. Alternate grid
lines would be numbered with red numbers.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>grid</B> 10000
<B>color</B> green
<B>numbers</B> 2 red
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="group"></a>
<H2>group</H2>
Selects an RGB imagery group for output.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>group</B> <EM>groupname</EM>
</PRE>
This is similar to <EM>raster</EM>, except that it uses an imagery group
instead of a raster map layer. The group must contain three raster map
layers, comprising the red, green and blue bands of the image.
<P>
<a name="header"></a>
<H2>header</H2>
Prints the map header above the map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>header</B>
<B>file</B> header file
<B>font</B> font name
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>color</B> text color
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
If the <EM>file</EM> sub-instruction is absent the header will consist
of the map's title <!-- from hist file -->
and the location's description.<!-- PERMANENT/MYNAME -->
The text will be centered on the page above the map.
The default text color is black.
<P>
This example prints (in red) whatever is in the file <EM>soils.hdr</EM> above
the map, using a 20/72 inch <tt>Courier</tt> font.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>header</B>
<B>file</B> soils.hdr
<B>font</B> Courier
<B>fontsize</B> 20
<B>color</B> red
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="labels"></a>
<H2>labels</H2>
Selects a labels file for output (see manual entry for
<EM>
<A HREF="v.label.html">v.label</A>
).</EM>
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>labels</B> labelfile
<B>font</B> font name
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
NOTE: ps.map can read new option 'ROTATE:' from labels file, which
specifies counter clockwise rotation in degrees.
<P>
This example would paint labels from the labels file called
<EM>town.names</EM>. Presumably, these labels would indicate the names of
towns on the map.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>labels</B> town.names
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="line"></a>
<H2>line</H2>
Draws lines on the output map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>line</B> east north east north
<B>line</B> x% y% x% y%
<B>color</B> color
<B>width</B> #
<B>masked</B> [y|n]
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The beginning and ending points of the line are entered on the main
instruction. These points can be defined either by map coordinates or
by using percentages of the geographic region.
The user may also specify line
<B>color</B>,
<B>width</B>
in pixels (accepts decimal points [floating points] as well as integers),
and if the line is to be <B>masked</B> by the current mask.
(See manual entry for <EM><A HREF="r.mask.html">r.mask</A>
</EM> for more information on the mask.)
<P>
This example would draw a yellow line from the point x=10% y=80%
to the point x=30% y=70%. This line
would be 2 pixels wide and would appear even if there is a mask.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>line</B> 10% 80% 30% 70%
<B>color</B> yellow
<B>width</B> 2
<B>masked</B> n
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
Of course, multiple lines may be drawn with multiple
<EM>line</EM>
instructions.
<P>
<a name="mapinfo"></a>
<H2>mapinfo</H2>
Prints the portion of the map legend containing the scale, grid and
region information, on or below the map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>mapinfo</B>
<B>where</B> x y
<B>font</B> font name
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>color</B> text color
<B>background</B> box color|none
<B>border</B> color|none
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The default location is immediately below the map,
starting at the left edge of the map.
The default text color is black.
The default background box color is white.
<P>
<EM>border</EM> will draw a border around the legend using the specified color.
(see <a href="#NAMED_COLORS">NAMED COLORS</a>)
<P>
This example prints (in brown) the scale, grid and region information
immediately below the map and starting 1.5 inches from the left edge
of the page, using a 12/72 inch <tt>Courier</tt> font.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>mapinfo</B>
<B>where</B> 1.5 0
<B>font</B> Courier
<B>fontsize</B> 12
<B>color</B> brown
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="maploc"></a>
<H2>maploc</H2>
Positions the map on the page.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>maploc</B> x y [width height]
</PRE>
The upper left corner of the map will be positioned <EM>x</EM> inches from
the left edge of the page and <EM>y</EM> inches from the top of the page.
If <EM>width</EM> and <EM>height</EM> (in inches) are present, the map will be
rescaled, if necessary, to fit.
<P>
This example positions the upper left corner of the map 2.0 inches from
the left edge and 3.5 inches from the top edge of the map.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>maploc</B> 2.0 3.5
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="maskcolor"></a>
<H2>maskcolor</H2>
Color to be used for mask.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>maskcolor</B> color
</PRE>
<a name="outline"></a>
<H2>outline</H2>
Outlines the areas of a raster map layer with a specified color.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>outline</B>
<B>color</B> color
<B>width</B> width of line in pixels
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
Distinct areas of the raster map will be separated from each other visually
by drawing a border (or outline) in the specified
<B>color</B>
(default: black). For
<B>width</B>
the program accepts decimal points [floating points] as well as integers.
Note: it is
important the user enter the instruction <B>end</B> even if a color is not
chosen.
(It is hoped that in the future the outline of a different raster map
layer other than the one currently being painted may be placed on the map.)
<P>
This example would outline the category areas of the
<EM>soils</EM>
raster map layer
in grey.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>raster</B> soils
<B>outline</B>
<B>color</B> grey
<B>width</B> 2
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="paper"></a>
<H2>paper</H2>
Specifies paper size and margins.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>paper</B> paper name
<B>height</B> #
<B>width</B> #
<B>left</B> #
<B>right</B> #
<B>bottom</B> #
<B>top</B> #
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<B>paper</B> may select predefined paper name
(a4,a3,a2,a1,a0,us-legal,us-letter,us-tabloid).
Default paper size is a4. The measures are defined in <em>inches</em>.
<B>left</B>, <B>right</B>, <B>bottom</B> and <B>top</B> are paper margins.
If the plot is rotated with the <b>-r</b> command line flag, measures
are applied to the <em>rotated</em> page.
<P>
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>paper</B> a3
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>paper</B>
<B>width</B> 10
<B>height</B> 10
<B>left</B> 2
<B>right</B> 2
<B>bottom</B> 2
<B>top</B> 2
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="point"></a>
<H2>point</H2>
Places additional points or icons on the output map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>point</B> east north
<B>point</B> x% y%
<B>color</B> color
<B>fcolor</B> color
<B>symbol</B> symbol group/name
<B>size</B> #
<B>rotate</B> #
<B>masked</B> [y|n]
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The point location is entered in the main instruction line by giving either the map
coordinates or by using percentages of the geographic region.
The user may also specify the point <B>color</B>,
the <B>size</B> of symbol in points,
the rotation angle (in degrees CCW),
and whether the point is to be <B>masked</B> by the current mask.
(See manual entry for <EM> <A HREF="r.mask.html">r.mask</A>
</EM> for more information on the mask.)
<P>
This example would place a purple diamond (from icon file
<EM>diamond</EM>) at the point (E456000 N7890000). This diamond would be the
the size of a 15 points and would not be masked by the current mask.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>point</B> 456000 7890000
<B>fcolor</B> purple
<B>color</B> black
<B>symbol</B> basic/diamond
<B>size</B> 15
<B>masked</B> n
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
Of course, multiple points may be drawn with multiple
<EM>point</EM>
instructions.
<P>
<a name="psfile"></a>
<H2>psfile</H2>
Copies a file containing PostScript commands into the output file.
<P>
<B>Note:</B>
<EM>ps.map</EM>
will not search for this file. The user must be in the
correct directory or specify the full path on the <B>psfile</B> instruction.
(Note to /bin/csh users: ~ won't work with this instruction).
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>psfile</B> filename
</PRE>
This example copies the file "logo.ps" into the output file.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>psfile</B> logo.ps
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="raster"></a>
<H2>raster</H2>
Selects a raster map layer for output.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>raster</B> mapname
</PRE>
For each <EM>ps.map</EM> run, only one raster map layer (or set
of layers or imagery group; see below) can be requested. If no
raster map layer is requested, a completely white map will be
produced. It can be useful to select no raster map layer in
order to provide a white background for vector maps.
<P>
Note that an imagery group selected with the <EM>group</EM>
option, or a set of three raster layers selected with the
<EM>rgb</EM> option, count as a raster map layer for the
purposes of the preceding paragraph.
<P>
This example would paint a map of the raster map layer <EM>soils</EM>.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>raster</B> soils
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="read"></a>
<H2>read</H2>
Provides <EM>ps.map</EM> with a previously prepared input stream.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>read</B> previously prepared UNIX file
</PRE>
Mapping instructions can be placed into a file and read into
<EM>ps.map.</EM>
<P>
<B>Note:</B>
<EM>ps.map</EM>
will not search for this file. The user must be in the
correct directory or specify the full path on the <B>read</B> instruction.
(Note to /bin/csh users: ~ won't work with this instruction).
<P>
This example reads the UNIX file <EM>pmap.roads</EM> into <EM>ps.map</EM>.
This file may contain all the <EM>ps.map</EM> instructions for placing
the vector map layer <EM>roads</EM> onto the output map.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>read</B> pmap.roads
</PRE>
The user may have created this file because this vector map layer
is particularly useful for many <EM>ps.map</EM>
outputs. By using the <B>read</B> option, the user need not enter all the input
for the <B>vector</B> instruction, but simply <B>read</B> the previously prepared
file with the correct instructions.
<P>
<a name="rectangle"></a>
<H2>rectangle</H2>
Draws rectangle on the output map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>rectangle</B> east north east north
<B>rectangle</B> x% y% x% y%
<B>color</B> color
<B>fcolor</B> fill color
<B>width</B> #
<B>masked</B> [y|n]
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The two corners of the rectangle are entered on the main
instruction. These points can be defined either by map coordinates or
by using percentages of the geographic region.
The user may also specify line
<B>color</B>, fill color <B>fcolor</B>, <B>width</B>
in pixels (accepts decimal points [floating points] as well as integers),
and if the rectangle is to be <B>masked</B> by the current mask.
(See manual entry for <EM><A HREF="r.mask.html">r.mask</A></EM>
for more information on the mask.)
<BR>
Multiple rectangles may be drawn by using multiple <EM>rectangle</EM> instructions.
<P>
This example would draw a yellow rectangle filled by green from the point x=10% y=80%
to the point x=30% y=70%. This line
would be 2 pixels wide and would appear even if there is a mask.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>rectangle</B> 10% 80% 30% 70%
<B>color</B> yellow
<B>fcolor</B> green
<B>width</B> 2
<B>masked</B> n
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="region"></a>
<H2>region</H2>
Places the outline of a smaller geographic region
on the output.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>region</B> regionfile
<B>color</B> color
<B>width</B> #
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
Geographic region settings are created and saved using <EM> the
<A HREF="g.region.html">g.region</A></EM> module.
The <EM>ps.map</EM> <EM>region</EM> option can be used to show an outline of
a smaller region which was printed on a separate run of <EM>ps.map</EM>
on other user-created maps.
<P>
The user can specify the <B>color</B>
and the <B>width</B> in pixel units (accepts decimal points
[floating points] as well as integers) of the outline.
The default is a black border of one pixel width.
<P>
This example would place a white outline, 2 pixels wide, of the
geographic region called <EM>fire.zones</EM> onto the output map.
This geographic region would have been created and saved using
<EM><A HREF="g.region.html">g.region</A></EM>.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>region</B> fire.zones
<B>color</B> white
<B>width</B> 2
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="rgb"></a>
<H2>rgb</H2>
Selects three raster map layers for output as an RGB color image.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>rgb</B> <EM>red</EM> <EM>green</EM> <EM>blue</EM>
</PRE>
This is similar to <EM>raster</EM>, except that it uses three
raster map layers instead of a single layer. The three layers
are composed to form a color image, similar to <EM>d.rgb</EM>.
<P>
For each layer, only one of the components of the layer's color
table is used: the red component for the red layer, and so on.
This will give the desired result if all of the layers have a
grey-scale color table, or if each layer's color table uses the
hue appropriate to the layer.
<P>
<a name="scale"></a>
<H2>scale</H2>
Selects a scale for the output map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>scale</B> <EM>scale</EM>
</PRE>
The scale can be selected either as:
<DL>
<DT>
<DD>a relative ratio, e.g. 1:25000;
<DT>
<DD>an absolute width of the printed map, e.g. 10 inches;
<DT>
<DD>the number of printed paper panels, e.g. 3 panels
<EM>.I</EM>
(at the present time, only 1 panel is supported);
<DT>
<DD>the number of miles per inch, e.g. 1 inch equals 4 miles.
</DD>
</DL>
<P>
This example would set the scale of the map to 1 unit = 25000
units.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>scale</B> 1:25000
</PRE>
<P>
This instruction is identical to the <EM>scale</EM> command line parameter.
<BR>
<em>NOTE: Using "scale" from the command line is depreciated and while
still provided for compatibility reasons it will be removed in the future.
Please use the "scale" mapping instruction instead.</em>
<P>
<a name="scalebar"></a>
<H2>scalebar</H2>
Draws a scalebar on the map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>scalebar</B> [f|s]
<B>where</B> x y
<B>length</B> scale length
<B>height</B> scale height
<B>segment</B> no. segments
<B>numbers</B> #
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>background</B> [Y|n]
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
Draw one of two types of scale bar.
Fancy (f) draws alternating black and white scale boxes.
Simple (s) draws a plain line scale. The default type is fancy.
The subsection instructions allow the user to set <B>where</B> the scalebar
is placed, the <B>length</B> of the scalebar (in geographic coordinate
system units), the <B>height</B> of the scalebar in inches, and the number of
<B>segments</B> (or tics for simple). The <B>number</B> of annotations
numbers every n-th segment.
The <B>background</B> command can turn off the background box for the text.
<P>
The scalebar <B>length</B> is the only required argument. The defaults are a
fancy scalebar with 4 segments, each segment labeled, and a height of 0.1
inches. The default location is 2 inches from the top of the page and
halfway across.
<P>
NOTE: The scalebar is centered on the location given.
<P>
This example draws a simple scalebar 1000 meters (for a metered database, like UTM) long,
with tics every 200 meters, labeled every second tic. The scalebar is drawn 5 inches from the top and 4 inches from the left and is 0.25 inches high.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>scalebar</B> s
<B>where</B> 4 5
<B>length</B> 1000
<B>height</B> 0.25
<B>segment</B> 5
<B>numbers</B> 2
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<a name="setcolor"></a>
<H2>setcolor</H2>
Overrides the color assigned to one or more categories
of the raster map layer.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>setcolor</B> cat(s) color
</PRE>
This example would set the color for categories 2,5 and 8 of the raster
map layer <EM>watersheds</EM> to white and category 10 to green.
(<B>NOTE</B>: no spaces are inserted between the category values.)
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>raster</B> watersheds
<B>setcolor</B> 2,5,8 white
<B>setcolor</B> 10 green
</PRE>
Of course,
<EM>setcolor</EM>
can be requested more than once to override the default color for additional
categories. More than one category can be changed for each request by listing
all the category values separated by commas (but with no spaces).
<P>
<a name="text"></a>
<H2>text</H2>
Places text on the map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>text</B> east north text
<B>text</B> x% y% text
<B>font</B> fontname
<B>color</B> color|none
<B>width</B> #
<B>hcolor</B> color|none
<B>hwidth</B> #
<B>background</B> color|none
<B>border</B> color|none
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>size</B> #
<B>ref</B> reference point
<B>rotate</B> degrees CCW
<B>xoffset</B> #
<B>yoffset</B> #
<B>opaque</B> [y|n]
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The user specifies where the text will be placed by
providing map coordinates or percentages of the geographic region.
The text follows these coordinates on the same instruction line.
More than one line of text can be specified by notating the end of a line with
<B>\n</B>
(e.g. USA<B>\n</B>CERL).
<P>
The user can then specify various text features:
<P>
<B>font:</B>
the PostScript font. Common possibilities are listed at the start of this
help page. The default is <tt>Helvetica</tt>.
<P>
<B>color</B>
(see <a href="#NAMED_COLORS">NAMED COLORS</a>);
<P>
<B>width</B>
of the lines used to draw the text to make thicker letters
(accepts decimal points [floating points] as well as integers);
<P>
<B>size</B> and <B>fontsize.</B>
<B>size</B> gives the vertical height of the letters in meters on the
ground (text size will grow or shrink depending on the scale at which
the map is painted). Alternatively <B>fontsize</B> can set the font
size directly. If neither <B>size</B> or <B>fontsize</B> is given, a
default font size of 10 will be used;
<P>
the highlight color (<B>hcolor</B>) and
the width of the highlight color (<B>hwidth</B>);
<P>
the text-enclosing-box <B>background</B> color;
the text box <B>border</B> color;
<P>
<B>ref.</B>
This reference point specifies the text handle - what
part of the text should be placed on the location specified by the map
coordinates. Reference points can refer to:
[lower|upper|center] [left|right|center] of the text to be printed; The default is center center, i.e the text is centered on the reference point.
<P>
<B>rotate</B>
sets the text rotation angle, measured in degrees counter-clockwise.
<P>
<B>yoffset</B>,
which provides finer placement of text by shifting the
text a vertical distance in pixels from the specified north. The vertical
offset will shift the location to the south if positive, north if negative;
<P>
<B>xoffset</B>,
which shifts the text a horizontal distance in pixels from
the specified east The horizontal offset will shift the location east if
positive, west if negative;
<P>
<B>opaque</B>,
whether or not the text should be <B>opaque</B> to vectors. Entering <B>no</B>
to the opaque option will allow the user to see any vectors which go
through the text's background box. Otherwise, they will end at the box's edge.
<P>
<BR>
The following example would place the text <EM>SPEARFISH LAND COVER</EM>
at the coordinates E650000 N7365000. The text would be a total of
3 pixels wide (2 pixels of red text and 1 pixel black highlight), have a white
background enclosed in a red box, and be 500 meters in size. The lower right
corner of the text would be centered over the coordinates provided. All
vectors on the map would stop at the border of this text.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>text</B> 650000 7365000 SPEARFISH LAND COVER
<B>font</B> romand
<B>color</B> red
<B>width</B> 2
<B>hcolor</B> black
<B>hwidth</B> 1
<B>background</B> white
<B>border</B> red
<B>size</B> 500
<B>ref</B> lower left
<B>opaque</B> y
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="vareas"></a>
<H2>vareas</H2>
Selects a vector map layer for output and plots areas.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>vareas</B> vectormap
<B>layer</B> # (layer number used with cats/where option)
<B>cats</B> list of categories (e.g. 1,3,5-7)
<B>where</B> SQL where statement
<B>masked</B> [y|n]
<B>color</B> color
<B>fcolor</B> color
<B>rgbcolumn</B> column
<B>width</B> #
<B>label</B> label to use in legend
<B>lpos</B> position in legend
<B>pat</B> pattern file
<B>pwidth</B> #
<B>scale</B> #
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The user can specify:
<P>
<B>color</B> - color of the vector lines or area boundaries;
<P>
<B>fcolor</B> - the area fill color;
<P>
<B>rgbcolumn</B> - name of color definition column used for the area fill color;
<P>
<B>width</B> - width of the vectors lines or area boundaries in pixels
(accepts decimal points [floating points] as well as integers);
<P>
<B>masked</B> - whether or not the raster map layer is to be masked
by the current mask;
(see manual entry <EM><A HREF="r.mask.html">r.mask</A></EM>
for more information on the mask)
<P>
<B>cats</B> - which categories should be plotted (default is all);
<P>
<B>where</B> - select features using a SQL where statement.
For example: <tt>vlastnik = 'Cimrman'</tt>;
<P>
<B>label</B> - for description in <a href="#vlegend">vlegend</a>.
Default is: map(mapset);
<P>
<B>lpos</B> - position vector is plotted in legend. If lpos is
0 then this vector is omitted in legend. If more vectors used the
same lpos then their symbols in legend are merged and label for
first vector is used.
<P>
<B>pat</B> - full path to pattern file. The pattern file contains header and
simple PostScript commands. It is similar to EPS but more limited, meaning that
while each pattern file is a true EPS file, most EPS files are not useful as pattern
files because they contain restricted commands. Color and width of patterns are set
by <B>fcolor</B> (red, green, ..., none, R:G:B) and <B>width</B> until overwritten
in the pattern file.
Pattern may be scaled with the <b>scale</b> command. Several standard hatching
patterns are provided in <tt>$GISBASE/etc/paint/patterns/</tt>.
Demonstrative images can be found on the
<a href="http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/AreaFillPatterns">GRASS Wiki site</a>.
You can also create your own custom pattern files in a text editor.
Example of pattern file:
<div class="code"><PRE>
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 10 10
newpath
5 0 moveto
5 10 lineto
stroke
</PRE></div>
<P>
<B>scale</B> - pattern scale
<P>
<B>pwidth</B> - pattern line width, width is used by pattern until the width is overwritten
in pattern file.
<P>
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>vareas</B> forest
<B>color</B> blue
<B>width</B> 1
<B>masked</B> y
<B>cats</B> 2,5-7
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="vlines"></a>
<H2>vlines</H2>
Selects a vector map layer for output and plots lines.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>vlines</B> vectormap
<B>type</B> line and/or boundary
<B>layer</B> # (layer number used with cats/where option)
<B>cats</B> list of categories (e.g. 1,3,5-7)
<B>where</B> SQL where statement like: vlastnik = 'Cimrman'
<B>masked</B> [y|n]
<B>color</B> color
<B>rgbcolumn</B> column
<B>width</B> #
<B>cwidth</B> #
<B>hcolor</B> color
<B>hwidth</B> #
<B>offset</B> #
<B>coffset</B> #
<B>ref</B> left|right
<B>style</B> 0-9
<B>label</B> label
<B>lpos</B> #
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The user can specify:
<P>
<B>color</B> - color of the vector lines or area boundaries;
<P>
<B>rgbcolumn</B> - name of color definition column used for the vector lines or area boundaries;
<P>
<B>width</B> - width of the vectors lines or area boundaries in pixels
(accepts decimal points [floating points] as well as integers);
<P>
<B>cwidth</B> - width of the vectors lines. If cwidth is used then
width of line is equal to cwidth * category value and width is
used in legend;
<P>
<B>hcolor</B> - the highlight color for the vector lines;
<P>
<B>hwidth</B> - the width of the highlight color in pixels;
<P>
<B>offset</B> (experimental) - offset for the vectors lines in pixels for plotting
parallel lines in distance equal to offset (accepts positive or
negative decimal points). Useful to print streets with several parallel lanes;
<P>
<B>coffset</B> (experimental) - offset for the vectors lines. If coffset is used then
offset of line is equal to coffset * category value and offset is
used in legend;
<P>
<B>ref</B> (experimental) - line justification.
<P>
<B>masked</B> - whether or not the raster map layer is to be masked
by the current mask;
(see manual entry <EM><A HREF="r.mask.html">r.mask</A></EM>
for more information on the mask);
<P>
<B>style</B> - the line style allows the vectors
to be dashed in different patterns. This is done by typing a
series of numbers (0's and 1's) in a desired sequence or pattern.
Blanks and
non-digit characters are recognized as 0's. Using 0 would allow the
colors of the raster map layer (or the background color
if no raster map layer was selected) to show through;
<P>
<B>cats</B> - which categories should be plotted (default is all);
<P>
<B>label</B> - for description in <a href="#vlegend">vlegend</a>.
Default is: map(mapset);
<P>
<B>lpos</B> - position vector is plotted in legend. If lpos is
0 then this vector is omitted in legend. If more vectors used the
same lpos then their symbols in legend are merged and label for
first vector is used.
<P>
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>vlines</B> streams
<B>color</B> blue
<B>width</B> 2
<B>hcolor</B> white
<B>hwidth</B> 1
<B>masked</B> y
<B>cats</B> 2
<B>label</B> Streams - category 2
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="vpoints"></a>
<H2>vpoints</H2>
Selects vector point data to be placed on the output map
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>vpoints</B> vectormap
<B>type</B> point and/or centroid
<B>layer</B> # (layer number used with cats/where/sizecol options)
<B>cats</B> list of categories (e.g. 1,3,5-7)
<B>where</B> SQL where statement like: vlastnik = 'Cimrman'
<B>masked</B> [y|n]
<B>color</B> color
<B>fcolor</B> color
<B>rgbcolumn</B> column
<B>width</B> #
<B>eps</B> epsfile
<B>symbol</B> symbol group/name
<B>size</B> #
<B>sizecolumn</B> attribute column used for symbol sizing
<B>scale</B> scaling factor for sizecolumn values
<B>rotate</B> #
<B>rotatecolumn</B> column
<B>label</B> legend label
<B>lpos</B> position in legend
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The user may specify the
the <B>color</B> of the sites (see section on <a href="#NAMED_COLORS">NAMED COLORS</a>);
either the GRASS <B>symbol</B> or
the <B>eps</B> Encapsulated Postscript file to be used to represent the presence of a site
(if '<B>$</B>' is used in the EPS file path it will be replaced by category number);
and <B>rotate</B> (in degrees) for counter-clockwise rotation.
<BR>
The size of the icon (number of times larger than the size it is in
the icon file) is typically given by the <B>size</B> option. Alternatively
the size of the symbol or EPS graphic can be taken from an attribute column
by using the <B>sizecolumn</B> command. The value given by <B>sizecolumn</B> may be
scaled by using the <B>scale</B> factor setting (default scaling is 1.0).
In a similar manner symbol color can be read from <B>rgbcolumn</B>
and the rotation angle read from <B>rotatecolumn</B>.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>vpoints</B> windmills
<B>color</B> blue
<B>symbol</B> mills/windmill
<B>size</B> 10
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="vlegend"></a>
<H2>vlegend</H2>
Prints the portion of the map legend containing the
vector information, on or below the map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>vlegend</B>
<B>where</B> x y
<B>font</B> font name
<B>fontsize</B> font size
<B>width</B> width of color symbol
<B>cols</B> number of columns to print
<B>border</B> color|none
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
The default location is immediately below the legend containing the
scale, grid and region information, starting at the left edge of the map.
If the <EM>where</EM> instruction is present and <EM>y</EM> is less than or
equal to zero, the vector legend will be positioned immediately below
the map, starting <EM>x</EM> inches from the left edge of the page.
<P>
<EM>width</EM> is the width in inches of the color symbol (for areas) in front of the
legend text. The default is 1/24 * fontsize inches.
<EM>cols</EM> is the number of columns to split the legend into. The default is one
column. The maximum number of colums is 10, or equal to the number of legend entries
if there are less than 10 entries.
<P>
<EM>border</EM> will draw a border around the legend using the specified color.
(see <a href="#NAMED_COLORS">NAMED COLORS</a>)
<P>
Alternatively, the user can create a custom legend by using the
<a href="#rectangle">rectangle</a>, <a href="#point">point</a>, and
<a href="#text">text</a> instructions.
<P>
This example prints the vector legend
immediately below the map and starting 4.5 inches from the left edge
of the page, using a 12/72 inch Helvetica font.
<PRE>
EXAMPLE:
<B>vlegend</B>
<B>where</B> 4.5 0
<B>font</B> Courier
<B>fontsize</B> 12
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
<a name="end"></a>
<H2>end</H2>
Terminates input and begin painting the map.
<PRE>
USAGE: <B>end</B>
</PRE>
<BR>
<P>
<H2>EXAMPLE ps.map INPUT FILE</H2>
The following is an example of a <EM>ps.map</EM> script file. The file has been
named <EM>spear.soils</EM>.
This script file can be entered at the command line:
<PRE>
<B>ps.map input=</B><EM>spear.soils</EM> <B>output=</B><EM>soils.ps</EM>
</PRE>
<PRE>
# this ps.map example draws a map of Spearfish, SD
<B>raster</B> soils
<B>outline</B>
<B>color</B> black
<B>width</B> 1
<B>end</B>
<B>comments</B> soil.cmt
<B>where</B> 1 6
<B>font</B> Helvetica
<B>end</B>
<B>colortable</B> y
<B>where</B> 1 6.5
<B>cols</B> 4
<B>width</B> 4
<B>font</B> Helvetica
<B>end</B>
<B>setcolor</B> 6,8,9 white
<B>setcolor</B> 10 green
<B>vlines</B> roads
<B>width</B> 2
<B>style</B> 0111
<B>color</B> grey
<B>masked</B> n
<B>end</B>
<B>vlegend</B>
<B>where</B> 4.5 0
<B>font</B> Courier
<B>fontsize</B> 8
<B>end</B>
<B>text</B> 30% 100% SPEARFISH SOILS MAP
<B>color</B> red
<B>width</B> 1
<B>hcolor</B> black
<B>hwidth</B> 1
<B>background</B> white
<B>border</B> red
<B>size</B> 500
<B>ref</B> lower left
<B>end</B>
<B>line</B> 606969.73 3423092.91 616969.73 3423092.91
<B>color</B> yellow
<B>width</B> 2
<B>end</B>
<B>point</B> 40% 60%
<B>color</B> purple
<B>symbol</B> basic/diamond
<B>size</B> 25
<B>masked</B> n
<B>end</B>
<B>scale</B> 1:125000
<B>scalebar</B> f
<B>where</B> 4.5 6.5
<B>length</B> 5000
<B>height</B> 0.05
<B>segment</B> 5
<B>numbers</B> 5
<B>end</B>
<B>geogrid</B> 60 s
<B>color</B> blue
<B>numbers</B> 2 yellow
<B>end</B>
<B>paper</B> a4
<B>end</B>
<B>end</B>
</PRE>
<P>
More examples can be found on the
<a href="http://grass.gdf-hannover.de/wiki/Ps.map_scripts">GRASS Wiki</a>
help site.
<P>
<H2>CHANGES BETWEEN VERSION 5.0.x/5.4.x and 6.0</H2>
<UL>
<LI>Devices and ps.select do not exist any more. Paper is defined by the
<EM>paper</EM> instruction.</LI>
<LI><EM>vpoints</EM> are used instead of <EM>sites</EM> (points are read from vector).</LI>
<LI><EM>vector</EM> is substituted by <EM>vpoints</EM>, <EM>vlines</EM> and <EM>vareas</EM>.</LI>
<LI>Symbols are used instead of icons (different format and directory).</LI>
<LI>Map legend can be printed in columns.</LI>
</UL>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<em>
<a href="g.region.html">g.region</a>,
<a href="v.label.html">v.label</a>
</em>
<H2>AUTHOR</H2>
Paul Carlson, USDA, SCS, NHQ-CGIS<BR>
Modifications: Radim Blazek, Glynn Clements, Bob Covill, Hamish Bowman
<p>
<i>Last changed: $Date: 2008-02-01 04:39:19 +0100 (Fri, 01 Feb 2008) $</i>
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