// $Id: AddressTranslation.txt,v 1.1 2005/01/07 10:01:05 belaban Exp $

On multi-homed systems, the identity of a member is bound to a NIC (either chosen by the OS, or by the
user through bind_addr): Address. When a message is sent, the msg contains this address as the sender's
address. Responses go to the same address.

However, if that NIC breaks, and the sender's OS chooses a different NIC for the datagram packets, the
receiver will still send the response back to the old address (the identity of the sender cannot
change).

If we set the sender's address in any Message on *reception* of the message, we would be able to send
the response back to a valid NIC in the above case. However, this means the *identity* of the sender
changes, which JGroups cannot handle.

SOLUTION I: we could introduce a logical address, which contains the physical address of the NIC
through which it was sent. Problem: a lot of code would have to change.

SOLUTION II: we maintain, in each transport, a table of sender's address as defined in the Message, and
physical address of the {Datagram,Multicast}Packet received. Whenever we send a unicast message, we get
the destination address from this table through a lookup in which dest_msg.dest_addr is the key.

We need to reap the table every now and then to purge old addresses, we could use view changes to do
so.

Example for SOLUTION II:
- Member P: address=1.2.3.4:5555
- P's box has 2 NICs: 1.2.3.4 and 5.6.7.8
- Receiver R receives a message from P: P.src_addr=1.2.3.4:5555, datagram's address is 1234:5555
- R doesn't add an entry to the translation table, because the addresses are the same
- R sends a response: it looks up 1.2.3.4:5555 (dst) in the translation table
- There is no entry, therefore R sends the response to 1.2.3.4:5555
- P's NIC 1.2.3.4 is unplugged
- P sends a message through NIC 5.6.7.8
- R receives a message M.src_addr=1.2.3.4:5555, datagram's address is 5.6.7.8:5555
- R adds an entry to its translation table: 1.2.3.4:5555 --> 5.6.7.8:5555
- R sends a response to 1.2.3.4:5555, since there is an entry for 1.2.3.4:5555, it uses 5.6.7.8:5555 
  as the destination address of the datagram packet

SOLUTION II allows us to reuse the existing code, but provides for changing underlying IP addresses.