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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Fundamental-concepts.html#Fundamental-concepts" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Fundamental concepts </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-index.html#LilyPond-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Tweaking-output.html#Tweaking-output" title="Next chapter"> Tweaking output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="Extending-the-templates.html#Extending-the-templates" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Extending the templates </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="Extending-the-templates.html#Extending-the-templates" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Extending the templates </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Four_002dpart-SATB-vocal-score.html#Four_002dpart-SATB-vocal-score" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Four-part SATB vocal score > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Soprano-and-cello"></a>
<h3 class="subsection">3.4.1 Soprano and cello</h3>
<a name="index-template_002c-modifying"></a>
<a name="index-modifying-templates"></a>
<p>Start off with the template that seems closest to what you want to end
up with. Let’s say that you want to write something for soprano and
cello. In this case, we would start with ‘Notes and lyrics’ (for the
soprano part).
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\version "2.12.3"
melody = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
text = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
\score {
<<
\new Voice = "one" {
\autoBeamOff
\melody
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre></blockquote>
<p>Now we want to add a cello part. Let’s look at the ‘Notes only’ example:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\version "2.12.3"
melody = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
\score {
\new Staff \melody
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre></blockquote>
<p>We don’t need two <code>\version</code> commands. We’ll need the
<code>melody</code> section. We don’t want two <code>\score</code> sections
– if we had two <code>\score</code>s, we’d get the two parts separately.
We want them together, as a duet. Within the <code>\score</code>
section, we don’t need two <code>\layout</code> or <code>\midi</code>.
</p>
<p>If we simply cut and paste the <code>melody</code> section, we would
end up with two <code>melody</code> definitions. This would not generate
an error, but the second one would be used for both melodies.
So let’s rename them to make them distinct. We’ll call the
section for the soprano <code>sopranoMusic</code> and the section for
the cello <code>celloMusic</code>. While we’re doing this, let’s rename
<code>text</code> to be <code>sopranoLyrics</code>. Remember to rename both
instances of all these names – both the initial definition (the
<code>melody = \relative c' { </code> part) and the name’s use (in the
<code>\score</code> section).
</p>
<p>While we’re doing this, let’s change the cello part’s staff –
celli normally use bass clef. We’ll also give the cello some
different notes.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\version "2.12.3"
sopranoMusic = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
sopranoLyrics = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
celloMusic = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
d4 g fis8 e d4
}
\score {
<<
\new Voice = "one" {
\autoBeamOff
\sopranoMusic
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \sopranoLyrics
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre></blockquote>
<p>This is looking promising, but the cello part won’t appear in the
score – we haven’t used it in the <code>\score</code> section. If we
want the cello part to appear under the soprano part, we need to add
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\new Staff \celloMusic
</pre></blockquote>
<p>underneath the soprano stuff. We also need to add <code><<</code> and
<code>>></code> around the music – that tells LilyPond that there’s
more than one thing (in this case, two <code>Staves</code>) happening
at once. The <code>\score</code> looks like this now:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\score {
<<
<<
\new Voice = "one" {
\autoBeamOff
\sopranoMusic
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \sopranoLyrics
>>
\new Staff \celloMusic
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre></blockquote>
<p>This looks a bit messy; the indentation is messed up now. That is
easily fixed. Here’s the complete soprano and cello template.
</p>
<blockquote><blockquote><pre class="example">\version "2.12.3"
</pre></blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">sopranoMusic = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
sopranoLyrics = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
celloMusic = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
d4 g fis8 e d4
}
\score {
<<
<<
\new Voice = "one" {
\autoBeamOff
\sopranoMusic
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \sopranoLyrics
>>
\new Staff \celloMusic
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../7d/lily-265723ce.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../7d/lily-265723ce.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-5"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>The starting templates can be found in the ‘Templates’ appendix,
see <a href="Single-staff.html#Single-staff">Single staff</a>.
</p>
<hr size="6">
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<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.html#Top" title="Start of the manual">Learning Manual</a></h4>
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<li><a name="toc-Preface-1" href="Preface.html#Preface">Preface</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Introduction-1" href="Introduction.html#Introduction">1. Introduction</a>
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<li><a name="toc-Background-1" href="Background.html#Background">1.1 Background</a> </li>
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<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-notation-1" href="Single-staff-notation.html#Single-staff-notation">2.2 Single staff notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Multiple-notes-at-once-1" href="Multiple-notes-at-once.html#Multiple-notes-at-once">2.3 Multiple notes at once</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Songs-1" href="Songs.html#Songs">2.4 Songs</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Final-touches-1" href="Final-touches.html#Final-touches">2.5 Final touches</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Fundamental-concepts-1" href="Fundamental-concepts.html#Fundamental-concepts">3. Fundamental concepts</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-How-LilyPond-input-files-work-1" href="How-LilyPond-input-files-work.html#How-LilyPond-input-files-work">3.1 How LilyPond input files work</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Voices-contain-music-1" href="Voices-contain-music.html#Voices-contain-music">3.2 Voices contain music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-and-engravers-1" href="Contexts-and-engravers.html#Contexts-and-engravers">3.3 Contexts and engravers</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Extending-the-templates-1" href="Extending-the-templates.html#Extending-the-templates">3.4 Extending the templates</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Soprano-and-cello-1" href="Soprano-and-cello.html#Soprano-and-cello">3.4.1 Soprano and cello</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Four_002dpart-SATB-vocal-score-1" href="Four_002dpart-SATB-vocal-score.html#Four_002dpart-SATB-vocal-score">3.4.2 Four-part SATB vocal score</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Building-a-score-from-scratch-1" href="Building-a-score-from-scratch.html#Building-a-score-from-scratch">3.4.3 Building a score from scratch</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
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<li><a name="toc-Tweaking-output-1" href="Tweaking-output.html#Tweaking-output">4. Tweaking output</a>
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<li><a name="toc-Tweaking-basics-1" href="Tweaking-basics.html#Tweaking-basics">4.1 Tweaking basics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-The-Internals-Reference-manual-1" href="The-Internals-Reference-manual.html#The-Internals-Reference-manual">4.2 The Internals Reference manual</a> </li>
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<li><a name="toc-Placement-of-objects-1" href="Placement-of-objects.html#Placement-of-objects">4.4 Placement of objects</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Collisions-of-objects-1" href="Collisions-of-objects.html#Collisions-of-objects">4.5 Collisions of objects</a> </li>
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</li>
<li><a name="toc-Working-on-LilyPond-projects-1" href="Working-on-LilyPond-projects.html#Working-on-LilyPond-projects">5. Working on LilyPond projects</a>
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<li><a name="toc-Suggestions-for-writing-LilyPond-input-files-1" href="Suggestions-for-writing-LilyPond-input-files.html#Suggestions-for-writing-LilyPond-input-files">5.1 Suggestions for writing LilyPond input files</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-When-things-don_0027t-work-1" href="When-things-don_0027t-work.html#When-things-don_0027t-work">5.2 When things don’t work</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scores-and-parts-1" href="Scores-and-parts.html#Scores-and-parts">5.3 Scores and parts</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Templates-1" href="Templates.html#Templates">A. Templates</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Single-staff-1" href="Single-staff.html#Single-staff">A.1 Single staff</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Piano-templates-1" href="Piano-templates.html#Piano-templates">A.2 Piano templates</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-String-quartet-2" href="String-quartet.html#String-quartet">A.3 String quartet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-ensembles-1" href="Vocal-ensembles.html#Vocal-ensembles">A.4 Vocal ensembles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-templates-1" href="Ancient-notation-templates.html#Ancient-notation-templates">A.5 Ancient notation templates</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Jazz-combo-1" href="Jazz-combo.html#Jazz-combo">A.6 Jazz combo</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-lilypond_002dbook-templates-1" href="lilypond_002dbook-templates.html#lilypond_002dbook-templates">A.7 lilypond-book templates</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-tutorial-1" href="Scheme-tutorial.html#Scheme-tutorial">B. Scheme tutorial</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Tweaking-with-Scheme-1" href="Tweaking-with-Scheme.html#Tweaking-with-Scheme">B.1 Tweaking with Scheme</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">C. GNU Free Documentation License</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-index-1" href="LilyPond-index.html#LilyPond-index">D. LilyPond index</a> </li>
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