<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html xmlns:fn="http://www.w3.org/2005/02/xpath-functions"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../doc/otp_doc.css" type="text/css"> <title>Erlang -- erl_nif</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="#000000" link="#0000ff" vlink="#ff00ff" alink="#ff0000"><div id="container"> <script id="js" type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../../../doc/js/flipmenu/flipmenu.js"></script><script id="js2" type="text/javascript" src="../../../doc/js/erlresolvelinks.js"></script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> <!-- function getWinHeight() { var myHeight = 0; if( typeof( window.innerHeight ) == 'number' ) { //Non-IE myHeight = window.innerHeight; } else if( document.documentElement && ( document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.documentElement.clientHeight ) ) { //IE 6+ in 'standards compliant mode' myHeight = 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href="../../../doc/index.html">Top</a></small><p><strong>Erlang Run-Time System Application (ERTS)</strong><br><strong>Reference Manual</strong><br><small>Version 5.7.5</small></p> <br><a href="javascript:openAllFlips()">Expand All</a><br><a href="javascript:closeAllFlips()">Contract All</a><p><small><strong>Table of Contents</strong></small></p> <ul class="flipMenu"> <li id="no" title="erl_prim_loader " expanded="false">erl_prim_loader<ul> <li><a href="erl_prim_loader.html"> Top of manual page </a></li> <li title="start-3"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#start-3">start/3</a></li> <li title="get_file-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#get_file-1">get_file/1</a></li> <li title="get_path-0"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#get_path-0">get_path/0</a></li> <li title="list_dir-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#list_dir-1">list_dir/1</a></li> <li title="read_file_info-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#read_file_info-1">read_file_info/1</a></li> <li title="set_path-1"><a href="erl_prim_loader.html#set_path-1">set_path/1</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="no" title="erlang " expanded="false">erlang<ul> <li><a href="erlang.html"> Top of manual page </a></li> <li title="abs-1"><a href="erlang.html#abs-1">abs/1</a></li> <li title="adler32-1"><a href="erlang.html#adler32-1">adler32/1</a></li> <li title="adler32-2"><a href="erlang.html#adler32-2">adler32/2</a></li> <li title="adler32_combine-3"><a href="erlang.html#adler32_combine-3">adler32_combine/3</a></li> <li title="append_element-2"><a href="erlang.html#append_element-2">append_element/2</a></li> <li title="apply-2"><a href="erlang.html#apply-2">apply/2</a></li> <li title="apply-3"><a href="erlang.html#apply-3">apply/3</a></li> <li title="atom_to_binary-2"><a href="erlang.html#atom_to_binary-2">atom_to_binary/2</a></li> <li title="atom_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#atom_to_list-1">atom_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="binary_to_atom-2"><a href="erlang.html#binary_to_atom-2">binary_to_atom/2</a></li> <li title="binary_to_existing_atom-2"><a href="erlang.html#binary_to_existing_atom-2">binary_to_existing_atom/2</a></li> <li title="binary_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#binary_to_list-1">binary_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="binary_to_list-3"><a href="erlang.html#binary_to_list-3">binary_to_list/3</a></li> <li title="bitstring_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#bitstring_to_list-1">bitstring_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="binary_to_term-1"><a href="erlang.html#binary_to_term-1">binary_to_term/1</a></li> <li title="binary_to_term-2"><a href="erlang.html#binary_to_term-2">binary_to_term/2</a></li> <li title="bit_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#bit_size-1">bit_size/1</a></li> <li title="bump_reductions-1"><a href="erlang.html#bump_reductions-1">bump_reductions/1</a></li> <li title="byte_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#byte_size-1">byte_size/1</a></li> <li title="cancel_timer-1"><a href="erlang.html#cancel_timer-1">cancel_timer/1</a></li> <li title="check_process_code-2"><a href="erlang.html#check_process_code-2">check_process_code/2</a></li> <li title="concat_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#concat_binary-1">concat_binary/1</a></li> <li title="crc32-1"><a href="erlang.html#crc32-1">crc32/1</a></li> <li title="crc32-2"><a href="erlang.html#crc32-2">crc32/2</a></li> <li title="crc32_combine-3"><a href="erlang.html#crc32_combine-3">crc32_combine/3</a></li> <li title="date-0"><a href="erlang.html#date-0">date/0</a></li> <li title="decode_packet-3"><a href="erlang.html#decode_packet-3">decode_packet/3</a></li> <li title="delete_module-1"><a href="erlang.html#delete_module-1">delete_module/1</a></li> <li title="demonitor-1"><a href="erlang.html#demonitor-1">demonitor/1</a></li> <li title="demonitor-2"><a href="erlang.html#demonitor-2">demonitor/2</a></li> <li title="disconnect_node-1"><a href="erlang.html#disconnect_node-1">disconnect_node/1</a></li> <li title="display-1"><a href="erlang.html#display-1">display/1</a></li> <li title="element-2"><a href="erlang.html#element-2">element/2</a></li> <li title="erase-0"><a href="erlang.html#erase-0">erase/0</a></li> <li title="erase-1"><a href="erlang.html#erase-1">erase/1</a></li> <li title="error-1"><a href="erlang.html#error-1">error/1</a></li> <li title="error-2"><a href="erlang.html#error-2">error/2</a></li> <li title="exit-1"><a href="erlang.html#exit-1">exit/1</a></li> <li title="exit-2"><a href="erlang.html#exit-2">exit/2</a></li> <li title="float-1"><a href="erlang.html#float-1">float/1</a></li> <li title="float_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#float_to_list-1">float_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="fun_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#fun_info-1">fun_info/1</a></li> <li title="fun_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#fun_info-2">fun_info/2</a></li> <li title="fun_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#fun_to_list-1">fun_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="function_exported-3"><a href="erlang.html#function_exported-3">function_exported/3</a></li> <li title="garbage_collect-0"><a href="erlang.html#garbage_collect-0">garbage_collect/0</a></li> <li title="garbage_collect-1"><a href="erlang.html#garbage_collect-1">garbage_collect/1</a></li> <li title="get-0"><a href="erlang.html#get-0">get/0</a></li> <li title="get-1"><a href="erlang.html#get-1">get/1</a></li> <li title="get_cookie-0"><a href="erlang.html#get_cookie-0">get_cookie/0</a></li> <li title="get_keys-1"><a href="erlang.html#get_keys-1">get_keys/1</a></li> <li title="get_stacktrace-0"><a href="erlang.html#get_stacktrace-0">get_stacktrace/0</a></li> <li title="group_leader-0"><a href="erlang.html#group_leader-0">group_leader/0</a></li> <li title="group_leader-2"><a href="erlang.html#group_leader-2">group_leader/2</a></li> <li title="halt-0"><a href="erlang.html#halt-0">halt/0</a></li> <li title="halt-1"><a href="erlang.html#halt-1">halt/1</a></li> <li title="hash-2"><a href="erlang.html#hash-2">hash/2</a></li> <li title="hd-1"><a href="erlang.html#hd-1">hd/1</a></li> <li title="hibernate-3"><a href="erlang.html#hibernate-3">hibernate/3</a></li> <li title="integer_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#integer_to_list-1">integer_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="integer_to_list-2"><a href="erlang.html#integer_to_list-2">integer_to_list/2</a></li> <li title="iolist_to_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#iolist_to_binary-1">iolist_to_binary/1</a></li> <li title="iolist_size-1"><a href="erlang.html#iolist_size-1">iolist_size/1</a></li> <li title="is_alive-0"><a href="erlang.html#is_alive-0">is_alive/0</a></li> <li title="is_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_atom-1">is_atom/1</a></li> <li title="is_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_binary-1">is_binary/1</a></li> <li title="is_bitstring-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_bitstring-1">is_bitstring/1</a></li> <li title="is_boolean-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_boolean-1">is_boolean/1</a></li> <li title="is_builtin-3"><a href="erlang.html#is_builtin-3">is_builtin/3</a></li> <li title="is_float-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_float-1">is_float/1</a></li> <li title="is_function-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_function-1">is_function/1</a></li> <li title="is_function-2"><a href="erlang.html#is_function-2">is_function/2</a></li> <li title="is_integer-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_integer-1">is_integer/1</a></li> <li title="is_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_list-1">is_list/1</a></li> <li title="is_number-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_number-1">is_number/1</a></li> <li title="is_pid-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_pid-1">is_pid/1</a></li> <li title="is_port-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_port-1">is_port/1</a></li> <li title="is_process_alive-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_process_alive-1">is_process_alive/1</a></li> <li title="is_record-2"><a href="erlang.html#is_record-2">is_record/2</a></li> <li title="is_record-3"><a href="erlang.html#is_record-3">is_record/3</a></li> <li title="is_reference-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_reference-1">is_reference/1</a></li> <li title="is_tuple-1"><a href="erlang.html#is_tuple-1">is_tuple/1</a></li> <li title="length-1"><a href="erlang.html#length-1">length/1</a></li> <li title="link-1"><a href="erlang.html#link-1">link/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_atom-1">list_to_atom/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_binary-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_binary-1">list_to_binary/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_bitstring-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_bitstring-1">list_to_bitstring/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_existing_atom-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_existing_atom-1">list_to_existing_atom/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_float-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_float-1">list_to_float/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_integer-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_integer-1">list_to_integer/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_integer-2"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_integer-2">list_to_integer/2</a></li> <li title="list_to_pid-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_pid-1">list_to_pid/1</a></li> <li title="list_to_tuple-1"><a href="erlang.html#list_to_tuple-1">list_to_tuple/1</a></li> <li title="load_module-2"><a href="erlang.html#load_module-2">load_module/2</a></li> <li title="load_nif-2"><a href="erlang.html#load_nif-2">load_nif/2</a></li> <li title="loaded-0"><a href="erlang.html#loaded-0">loaded/0</a></li> <li title="localtime-0"><a href="erlang.html#localtime-0">localtime/0</a></li> <li title="localtime_to_universaltime-1"><a href="erlang.html#localtime_to_universaltime-1">localtime_to_universaltime/1</a></li> <li title="localtime_to_universaltime-2"><a href="erlang.html#localtime_to_universaltime-2">localtime_to_universaltime/2</a></li> <li title="make_ref-0"><a href="erlang.html#make_ref-0">make_ref/0</a></li> <li title="make_tuple-2"><a href="erlang.html#make_tuple-2">make_tuple/2</a></li> <li title="make_tuple-3"><a href="erlang.html#make_tuple-3">make_tuple/3</a></li> <li title="max-2"><a href="erlang.html#max-2">max/2</a></li> <li title="md5-1"><a href="erlang.html#md5-1">md5/1</a></li> <li title="md5_final-1"><a href="erlang.html#md5_final-1">md5_final/1</a></li> <li title="md5_init-0"><a href="erlang.html#md5_init-0">md5_init/0</a></li> <li title="md5_update-2"><a href="erlang.html#md5_update-2">md5_update/2</a></li> <li title="memory-0"><a href="erlang.html#memory-0">memory/0</a></li> <li title="memory-1"><a href="erlang.html#memory-1">memory/1</a></li> <li title="min-2"><a href="erlang.html#min-2">min/2</a></li> <li title="module_loaded-1"><a href="erlang.html#module_loaded-1">module_loaded/1</a></li> <li title="monitor-2"><a href="erlang.html#monitor-2">monitor/2</a></li> <li title="monitor_node-2"><a href="erlang.html#monitor_node-2">monitor_node/2</a></li> <li title="monitor_node-3"><a href="erlang.html#monitor_node-3">monitor_node/3</a></li> <li title="node-0"><a href="erlang.html#node-0">node/0</a></li> <li title="node-1"><a href="erlang.html#node-1">node/1</a></li> <li title="nodes-0"><a href="erlang.html#nodes-0">nodes/0</a></li> <li title="nodes-1"><a href="erlang.html#nodes-1">nodes/1</a></li> <li title="now-0"><a href="erlang.html#now-0">now/0</a></li> <li title="open_port-2"><a href="erlang.html#open_port-2">open_port/2</a></li> <li title="phash-2"><a href="erlang.html#phash-2">phash/2</a></li> <li title="phash2-1"><a href="erlang.html#phash2-1">phash2/1</a></li> <li title="pid_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#pid_to_list-1">pid_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="port_close-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_close-1">port_close/1</a></li> <li title="port_command-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_command-2">port_command/2</a></li> <li title="port_command-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_command-3">port_command/3</a></li> <li title="port_connect-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_connect-2">port_connect/2</a></li> <li title="port_control-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_control-3">port_control/3</a></li> <li title="port_call-3"><a href="erlang.html#port_call-3">port_call/3</a></li> <li title="port_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_info-1">port_info/1</a></li> <li title="port_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#port_info-2">port_info/2</a></li> <li title="port_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#port_to_list-1">port_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="ports-0"><a href="erlang.html#ports-0">ports/0</a></li> <li title="pre_loaded-0"><a href="erlang.html#pre_loaded-0">pre_loaded/0</a></li> <li title="process_display-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_display-2">process_display/2</a></li> <li title="process_flag-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_flag-2">process_flag/2</a></li> <li title="process_flag-3"><a href="erlang.html#process_flag-3">process_flag/3</a></li> <li title="process_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#process_info-1">process_info/1</a></li> <li title="process_info-2"><a href="erlang.html#process_info-2">process_info/2</a></li> <li title="processes-0"><a href="erlang.html#processes-0">processes/0</a></li> <li title="purge_module-1"><a href="erlang.html#purge_module-1">purge_module/1</a></li> <li title="put-2"><a href="erlang.html#put-2">put/2</a></li> <li title="raise-3"><a href="erlang.html#raise-3">raise/3</a></li> <li title="read_timer-1"><a href="erlang.html#read_timer-1">read_timer/1</a></li> <li title="ref_to_list-1"><a href="erlang.html#ref_to_list-1">ref_to_list/1</a></li> <li title="register-2"><a href="erlang.html#register-2">register/2</a></li> <li title="registered-0"><a href="erlang.html#registered-0">registered/0</a></li> <li title="resume_process-1"><a href="erlang.html#resume_process-1">resume_process/1</a></li> <li title="round-1"><a href="erlang.html#round-1">round/1</a></li> <li title="self-0"><a href="erlang.html#self-0">self/0</a></li> <li title="send-2"><a href="erlang.html#send-2">send/2</a></li> <li title="send-3"><a href="erlang.html#send-3">send/3</a></li> <li title="send_after-3"><a href="erlang.html#send_after-3">send_after/3</a></li> <li title="send_nosuspend-2"><a href="erlang.html#send_nosuspend-2">send_nosuspend/2</a></li> <li title="send_nosuspend-3"><a href="erlang.html#send_nosuspend-3">send_nosuspend/3</a></li> <li title="set_cookie-2"><a href="erlang.html#set_cookie-2">set_cookie/2</a></li> <li title="setelement-3"><a href="erlang.html#setelement-3">setelement/3</a></li> <li title="size-1"><a href="erlang.html#size-1">size/1</a></li> <li title="spawn-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-1">spawn/1</a></li> <li title="spawn-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-2">spawn/2</a></li> <li title="spawn-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-3">spawn/3</a></li> <li title="spawn-4"><a href="erlang.html#spawn-4">spawn/4</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-1">spawn_link/1</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-2">spawn_link/2</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-3">spawn_link/3</a></li> <li title="spawn_link-4"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_link-4">spawn_link/4</a></li> <li title="spawn_monitor-1"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_monitor-1">spawn_monitor/1</a></li> <li title="spawn_monitor-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_monitor-3">spawn_monitor/3</a></li> <li title="spawn_opt-2"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-2">spawn_opt/2</a></li> <li title="spawn_opt-3"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-3">spawn_opt/3</a></li> <li title="spawn_opt-4"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-4">spawn_opt/4</a></li> <li title="spawn_opt-5"><a href="erlang.html#spawn_opt-5">spawn_opt/5</a></li> <li title="split_binary-2"><a href="erlang.html#split_binary-2">split_binary/2</a></li> <li title="start_timer-3"><a href="erlang.html#start_timer-3">start_timer/3</a></li> <li title="statistics-1"><a href="erlang.html#statistics-1">statistics/1</a></li> <li title="suspend_process-2"><a href="erlang.html#suspend_process-2">suspend_process/2</a></li> <li title="suspend_process-1"><a href="erlang.html#suspend_process-1">suspend_process/1</a></li> <li title="system_flag-2"><a href="erlang.html#system_flag-2">system_flag/2</a></li> <li title="system_info-1"><a href="erlang.html#system_info-1">system_info/1</a></li> <li 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<div class="REFBODY">API functions for an Erlang NIF library</div> <h3>DESCRIPTION</h3> <div class="REFBODY"><p> <div class="warning"> <div class="label">Warning</div> <div class="content"><p><p>The NIF concept was introduced in R13B03 as an EXPERIMENTAL feature. The interfaces may be changed in any way in coming releases. The plan is however to lift the experimental label and maintain interface backward compatibility from R14B.</p> <p>Incompatible changes in <strong>R13B04</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>The function prototypes of the NIFs have changed to expect <span class="code">argc</span> and <span class="code">argv</span> arguments. The arity of a NIF is by that no longer limited to 3.</li> <li> <span class="code">enif_get_data</span> renamed as <span class="code">enif_priv_data</span>.</li> <li> <span class="code">enif_make_string</span> got a third argument for character encoding.</li> </ul> </p></div> </div> <p>A NIF library contains native implementation of some functions of an Erlang module. The native implemented functions (NIFs) are called like any other functions without any difference to the caller. Each NIF must also have an implementation in Erlang that will be invoked if the function is called before the NIF library has been successfully loaded. A typical such stub implementation is to throw an exception. But it can also be used as a fallback implementation if the NIF library is not implemented for some architecture.</p> <p>A minimal example of a NIF library can look like this:</p> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> /* niftest.c */ #include "erl_nif.h" static ERL_NIF_TERM hello(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]) { return enif_make_string(env, "Hello world!", ERL_NIF_LATIN1); } static ErlNifFunc nif_funcs[] = { {"hello", 0, hello} }; ERL_NIF_INIT(niftest,nif_funcs,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL) </pre></div> <p>and the Erlang module would have to look something like this:</p> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> -module(niftest). -export([init/0, hello/0]). init() -> erlang:load_nif("./niftest", 0). hello() -> "NIF library not loaded". </pre></div> <p>and compile and test something like this (on Linux):</p> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> $> gcc -fPIC -shared -o niftest.so niftest.c -I $ERL_ROOT/usr/include/ $> erl 1> c(niftest). {ok,niftest} 2> niftest:hello(). "NIF library not loaded" 3> niftest:init(). ok 4> niftest:hello(). "Hello world!" </pre></div> <p>A better solution for a real module is to take advantage of the new directive <span class="bold_code"><a href="javascript:erlhref('../../../doc/../','doc/reference_manual','code_loading.html#on_load');">on_load</a></span> to automatically load the NIF library when the module is loaded.</p> <div class="note"> <div class="label">Note</div> <div class="content"><p><p>A NIF must be exported or used locally by the module (or both). An unused local stub function will be optimized away by the compiler causing loading of the NIF library to fail.</p> </p></div> </div> <p>A loaded NIF library is tied to the Erlang module code version that loaded it. If the module is upgraded with a new version, the new Erlang code will have to load its own NIF library (or maybe choose not to). The new code version can however choose to load the exact same NIF library as the old code if it wants to. Sharing the same dynamic library will mean that static data defined by the library will be shared as well. To avoid unintentionally shared static data, each Erlang module code can keep its own private data. This private data can be set when the NIF library is loaded and then retrieved by calling <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_priv_data">enif_priv_data()</a></span>.</p> <p>There is no way to explicitly unload a NIF library. A library will be automatically unloaded when the module code that it belongs to is purged by the code server. A NIF library will also be unloaded if it is replaced by another version of the library by a second call to <span class="code">erlang:load_nif/2</span> from the same module code.</p> </p></div> <h3><a name="id2366758">FUNCTIONALITY</a></h3> <div class="REFBODY"> <p>All functions that a NIF library needs to do with Erlang are performed through the NIF API functions. There are functions for the following functionality:</p> <dl> <dt><strong>Read and write Erlang terms</strong></dt> <dd><p>Any Erlang terms can be passed to a NIF as function arguments and be returned as function return values. The terms are of C-type <span class="code">ERL_NIF_TERM</span> and can only be read or written using API functions. Most functions to read the content of a term are prefixed <span class="code">enif_get_</span> and usually return true (or false) if the term was of the expected type (or not). The functions to write terms are all prefixed <span class="code">enif_make_</span> and usually return the created <span class="code">ERL_NIF_TERM</span>. There are also some functions to query terms, like <span class="code">enif_is_atom</span>, <span class="code">enif_is_identical</span> and <span class="code">enif_compare</span>.</p></dd> <dt><strong>Binaries</strong></dt> <dd> <p>Terms of type binary are accessed with the help of the struct type <span class="bold_code"><a href="#ErlNifBinary">ErlNifBinary</a></span> that contains a pointer (<span class="code">data</span>) to the raw binary data and the length (<span class="code">size</span>) of the data in bytes. Both <span class="code">data</span> and <span class="code">size</span> are read-only and should only be written using calls to API functions. Instances of <span class="code">ErlNifBinary</span> are however always allocated by the user (usually as local variables).</p> <p>The raw data pointed to by <span class="code">data</span> is only mutable after a call to <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_alloc_binary">enif_alloc_binary</a></span> or <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_realloc_binary">enif_realloc_binary</a></span>. All other functions that operates on a binary will leave the data as read-only. A mutable binary must in the end either be freed with <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_release_binary">enif_release_binary</a></span> or made read-only by transferring it to an Erlang term with <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_make_binary">enif_make_binary</a></span>. But it does not have do happen in the same NIF call. Read-only binaries does not have to be released.</p> <p>Binaries are sequences of whole bytes. Bitstrings with an arbitrary bit length have no support yet.</p> </dd> <dt><strong>Resource objects</strong></dt> <dd> <p>The use of resource objects is a way to return pointers to native data structures from a NIF in a safe way. A resource object is just a block of memory allocated with <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_alloc_resource">enif_alloc_resource()</a></span>. A handle ("safe pointer") to this memory block can then be returned to Erlang by the use of <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_make_resource">enif_make_resource()</a></span>. The term returned by <span class="code">enif_make_resource</span> is totally opaque in nature. It can be stored and passed between processses on the same node, but the only real end usage is to pass it back as argument to a NIF. The NIF can then do <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_get_resource">enif_get_resource()</a></span> and get back a pointer to the memory block that is guaranteed to still be valid. A resource object will not be deallocated until the last handle term has been garbage collected by the VM and the resource has been released with <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_release_resource">enif_release_resource()</a></span> (not necessarily in that order).</p> <p>All resource objects are created as instances of some <strong>resource type</strong>. This makes resources from different modules to be distinguishable. A resource type is created by calling <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_open_resource_type">enif_open_resource_type()</a></span> when a library is loaded. Objects of that resource type can then later be allocated and <span class="code">enif_get_resource</span> verifies that the resource is of the expected type. A resource type can have a user supplied destructor function that is automatically called when resources of that type are released (by either the garbage collector or <span class="code">enif_release_resource</span>). Resource types are uniquely identified by a supplied name string.</p> <p>Resource types support upgrade in runtime by allowing a loaded NIF library to takeover an already existing resource type and thereby "inherit" all existing objects of that type. The destructor of the new library will thereafter be called for the inherited objects and the library with the old destructor function can be safely unloaded. Existing resource objects, of a module that is upgraded, must either be deleted or taken over by the new NIF library. The unloading of a library will be postponed as long as it exists resource objects with a destructor function in the library. </p> <p>Here is a template example of how to create and return a resource object.</p> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> ERL_NIF_TERM term; MyStruct* ptr = enif_alloc_resource(env, my_resource_type, sizeof(MyStruct)); /* initialize struct ... */ term = enif_make_resource(env, ptr); if (keep_a_reference_of_our_own) { /* store 'ptr' in static variable, private data or other resource object */ } else { enif_release_resource(env, obj); /* resource now only owned by "Erlang" */ } return term; } </pre></div> </dd> <dt><strong>Threads and concurrency</strong></dt> <dd> <p>A NIF is thread-safe without any explicit synchronization as long as it acts as a pure function and only reads the supplied arguments. As soon as you write towards a shared state either through static variables or <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_priv_data">enif_priv_data</a></span> you need to supply your own explicit synchronization. Resource objects will also require synchronization if you treat them as mutable.</p> <p>The library initialization callbacks <span class="code">load</span>, <span class="code">reload</span> and <span class="code">upgrade</span> are all thread-safe even for shared state data.</p> <p>Avoid doing lengthy work in NIF calls as that may degrade the responsiveness of the VM. NIFs are called directly by the same scheduler thread that executed the calling Erlang code. The calling scheduler will thus be blocked from doing any other work until the NIF returns.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <h3><a name="id2367068">INITIALIZATION</a></h3> <div class="REFBODY"> <dl> <dt><strong><a name="ERL_NIF_INIT"></a>ERL_NIF_INIT(MODULE, ErlNifFunc funcs[], load, reload, upgrade, unload)</strong></dt> <dd> <p>This is the magic macro to initialize a NIF library. It should be evaluated in global file scope.</p> <p><span class="code">MODULE</span> is the name of the Erlang module as an identifier without string quotations. It will be stringified by the macro.</p> <p><span class="code">funcs</span> is a static array of function descriptors for all the implemented NIFs in this library.</p> <p><span class="code">load</span>, <span class="code">reload</span>, <span class="code">upgrade</span> and <span class="code">unload</span> are pointers to functions. One of <span class="code">load</span>, <span class="code">reload</span> or <span class="code">upgrade</span> will be called to initialize the library. <span class="code">unload</span> is called to release the library. They are all described individually below.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="load"></a>int (*load)(ErlNifEnv* env, void** priv_data, ERL_NIF_TERM load_info)</strong></dt> <dd> <p><span class="code">load</span> is called when the NIF library is loaded and there is no previously loaded library for this module.</p> <p><span class="code">*priv_data</span> can be set to point to some private data that the library needs in able to keep a state between NIF calls. <span class="code">enif_priv_data()</span> will return this pointer. <span class="code">*priv_data</span> will be initialized to NULL when <span class="code">load</span> is called.</p> <p><span class="code">load_info</span> is the second argument to <span class="bold_code"><a href="erlang.html#load_nif-2">erlang:load_nif/2</a></span>.</p> <p>The library will fail to load if <span class="code">load</span> returns anything other than 0. <span class="code">load</span> can be NULL in case no initialization is needed.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="reload"></a>int (*reload)(ErlNifEnv* env, void** priv_data, ERL_NIF_TERM load_info)</strong></dt> <dd> <p><span class="code">reload</span> is called when the NIF library is loaded and there is already a previously loaded library for this module code.</p> <p>Works the same as <span class="code">load</span>. The only difference is that <span class="code">*priv_data</span> already contains the value set by the previous call to <span class="code">load</span> or <span class="code">reload</span>.</p> <p>The library will fail to load if <span class="code">reload</span> returns anything other than 0 or if <span class="code">reload</span> is NULL.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="upgrade"></a>int (*upgrade)(ErlNifEnv* env, void** priv_data, void** old_priv_data, ERL_NIF_TERM load_info)</strong></dt> <dd> <p><span class="code">upgrade</span> is called when the NIF library is loaded and there is no previously loaded library for this module code, BUT there is old code of this module with a loaded NIF library.</p> <p>Works the same as <span class="code">load</span>. The only difference is that <span class="code">*old_priv_data</span> already contains the value set by the last call to <span class="code">load</span> or <span class="code">reload</span> for the old module code. <span class="code">*priv_data</span> will be initialized to NULL when <span class="code">upgrade</span> is called. It is allowed to write to both *priv_data and *old_priv_data.</p> <p>The library will fail to load if <span class="code">upgrade</span> returns anything other than 0 or if <span class="code">upgrade</span> is NULL.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="unload"></a>void (*unload)(ErlNifEnv* env, void* priv_data)</strong></dt> <dd> <p><span class="code">unload</span> is called when the module code that the NIF library belongs to is purged as old. New code of the same module may or may not exist. Note that <span class="code">unload</span> is not called for a replaced library as a consequence of <span class="code">reload</span>.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <h3><a name="id2367352">DATA TYPES</a></h3> <div class="REFBODY"> <dl> <dt><strong><a name="ERL_NIF_TERM"></a>ERL_NIF_TERM</strong></dt> <dd> <p>Variables of type <span class="code">ERL_NIF_TERM</span> can refer to any Erlang term. This is an opaque type and values of it can only by used either as arguments to API functions or as return values from NIFs. A variable of type <span class="code">ERL_NIF_TERM</span> is only valid until the NIF call, where it was obtained, returns.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ErlNifEnv"></a>ErlNifEnv</strong></dt> <dd> <p><span class="code">ErlNifEnv</span> contains information about the context in which a NIF call is made. This pointer should not be dereferenced in any way, but only passed on to API functions. An <span class="code">ErlNifEnv</span> pointer is only valid until the function, where is what supplied as argument, returns. There is thus useless and dangerous to store <span class="code">ErlNifEnv</span> pointers in between NIF calls.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ErlNifFunc"></a>ErlNifFunc</strong></dt> <dd> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> typedef struct { const char* <strong>name</strong>; unsigned <strong>arity</strong>; ERL_NIF_TERM (*<strong>fptr</strong>)(ErlNifEnv* env, int argc, const ERL_NIF_TERM argv[]); } ErlNifFunc; </pre></div> <p>Describes a NIF by its name, arity and implementation. <span class="code">fptr</span> is a pointer to the function that implements the NIF. The argument <span class="code">argv</span> of a NIF will contain the function arguments passed to the NIF and <span class="code">argc</span> is the length of the array, i.e. the function arity. <span class="code">argv[N-1]</span> will thus denote the Nth argument to the NIF. Note that the <span class="code">argc</span> argument allows for the same C function to implement several Erlang functions with different arity (but same name probably).</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ErlNifBinary"></a>ErlNifBinary</strong></dt> <dd> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> typedef struct { unsigned <strong>size</strong>; unsigned char* <strong>data</strong>; } ErlNifBinary; </pre></div> <p><span class="code">ErlNifBinary</span> contains transient information about an inspected binary term. <span class="code">data</span> is a pointer to a buffer of <span class="code">size</span> bytes with the raw content of the binary.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ErlNifResourceType"></a>ErlNifResourceType</strong></dt> <dd> <p>Each instance of <span class="code">ErlNifResourceType</span> represent a class of memory managed resource objects that can be garbage collected. Each resource type has a unique name and a destructor function that is called when objects of its type are released.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ErlNifResourceDtor"></a>ErlNifResourceDtor</strong></dt> <dd> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> typedef void ErlNifResourceDtor(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj); </pre></div> <p>The function prototype of a resource destructor function. A destructor function is not allowed to call any term-making functions.</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ErlNifCharEncoding"></a>ErlNifCharEncoding</strong></dt> <dd> <p></p> <div class="example"><pre> typedef enum { ERL_NIF_LATIN1 }ErlNifCharEncoding; </pre></div> <p>The character encoding used in strings. The only supported encoding is currently <span class="code">ERL_NIF_LATIN1</span> for iso-latin-1 (8-bit ascii).</p> </dd> <dt><strong><a name="ErlNifSysInfo"></a>ErlNifSysInfo</strong></dt> <dd> <p>Used by <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_system_info">enif_system_info</a></span> to return information about the runtime system. Contains currently the exact same content as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#ErlDrvSysInfo">ErlDrvSysInfo</a></span>.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <h3>EXPORTS</h3> <p><a name="enif_alloc"><span class="bold_code">void* enif_alloc(ErlNifEnv* env, size_t size)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Allocate memory of <span class="code">size</span> bytes. Return NULL if allocation failed.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_alloc_binary"><span class="bold_code">int enif_alloc_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned size, ErlNifBinary* bin)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Allocate a new binary of size of <span class="code">size</span> bytes. Initialize the structure pointed to by <span class="code">bin</span> to refer to the allocated binary. The binary must either be released by <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_release_binary">enif_release_binary()</a></span> or ownership transferred to an Erlang term with <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_make_binary">enif_make_binary()</a></span>. An allocated (and owned) <span class="code">ErlNifBinary</span> can be kept between NIF calls.</p> <p>Return false if allocation failed.</p> </p></div> <p><a name="enif_alloc_resource"><span class="bold_code">void* enif_alloc_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, ErlNifResourceType* type, unsigned size)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Allocate a memory managed resource object of type <span class="code">type</span> and size <span class="code">size</span> bytes.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_compare"><span class="bold_code">int enif_compare(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM lhs, ERL_NIF_TERM rhs)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if <span class="code">lhs</span> is found, respectively, to be less than, equal, or greater than <span class="code">rhs</span>. Corresponds to the Erlang operators <span class="code">==</span>, <span class="code">/=</span>, <span class="code">=<</span>, <span class="code"><</span>, <span class="code">>=</span> and <span class="code">></span> (but <strong>not</strong> <span class="code">=:=</span> or <span class="code">=/=</span>).</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_cond_broadcast"><span class="bold_code">void enif_cond_broadcast(ErlNifCond *cnd)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_cond_broadcast">erl_drv_cond_broadcast()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_cond_create"><span class="bold_code">ErlNifCond* enif_cond_create(char *name)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_cond_create">erl_drv_cond_create()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_cond_destroy"><span class="bold_code">void enif_cond_destroy(ErlNifCond *cnd)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_cond_destroy">erl_drv_cond_destroy()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_cond_signal"><span class="bold_code">void enif_cond_signal(ErlNifCond *cnd)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_cond_signal">erl_drv_cond_signal()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_cond_wait"><span class="bold_code">void enif_cond_wait(ErlNifCond *cnd, ErlNifMutex *mtx)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_cond_wait">erl_drv_cond_wait()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_equal_tids"><span class="bold_code">int enif_equal_tids(ErlNifTid tid1, ErlNifTid tid2)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_equal_tids">erl_drv_equal_tids()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_free"><span class="bold_code">void enif_free(ErlNifEnv* env, void* ptr)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Free memory allocated by <span class="code">enif_alloc</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_atom"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_atom(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, char* buf, unsigned size) </span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Write a null-terminated string, in the buffer pointed to by <span class="code">buf</span> of size <span class="code">size</span>, consisting of the string representation of the atom <span class="code">term</span>. Return the number of bytes written (including terminating null character) or 0 if <span class="code">term</span> is not an atom with maximum length of <span class="code">size-1</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_double"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_double(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, double* dp)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Set <span class="code">*dp</span> to the floating point value of <span class="code">term</span> or return false if <span class="code">term</span> is not a float.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_int"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_int(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, int* ip)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Set <span class="code">*ip</span> to the integer value of <span class="code">term</span> or return false if <span class="code">term</span> is not an integer or is outside the bounds of type <span class="code">int</span></p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_list_cell"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_list_cell(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM list, ERL_NIF_TERM* head, ERL_NIF_TERM* tail)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Set <span class="code">*head</span> and <span class="code">*tail</span> from <span class="code">list</span> or return false if <span class="code">list</span> is not a non-empty list.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_long"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_long(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, long int* ip)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Set <span class="code">*ip</span> to the long integer value of <span class="code">term</span> or return false if <span class="code">term</span> is not an integer or is outside the bounds of type <span class="code">long int</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_resource"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, ErlNifResourceType* type, void** objp)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Set <span class="code">*objp</span> to point to the resource object referred to by <span class="code">term</span>. The pointer is valid until the calling NIF returns and should not be released.</p> <p>Return false if <span class="code">term</span> is not a handle to a resource object of type <span class="code">type</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_string"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_string(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM list, char* buf, unsigned size, ErlNifCharEncoding encode)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Write a null-terminated string, in the buffer pointed to by <span class="code">buf</span> with size <span class="code">size</span>, consisting of the characters in the string <span class="code">list</span>. The characters are written using encoding <span class="bold_code"><a href="#ErlNifCharEncoding">encode</a></span>. Return the number of bytes written (including terminating null character), or <span class="code">-size</span> if the string was truncated due to buffer space, or 0 if <span class="code">list</span> is not a string that can be encoded with <span class="code">encode</span> or if <span class="code">size</span> was less than 1. The written string is always null-terminated unless buffer <span class="code">size</span> is less than 1.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_tuple"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_tuple(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, int* arity, const ERL_NIF_TERM** array)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>If <span class="code">term</span> is a tuple, set <span class="code">*array</span> to point to an array containing the elements of the tuple and set <span class="code">*arity</span> to the number of elements. Note that the array is read-only and <span class="code">(*array)[N-1]</span> will be the Nth element of the tuple. <span class="code">*array</span> is undefined if the arity of the tuple is zero.</p><p>Return false if <span class="code">term</span> is not a tuple.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_uint"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_uint(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, unsigned int* ip)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Set <span class="code">*ip</span> to the unsigned integer value of <span class="code">term</span> or return false if <span class="code">term</span> is not an unsigned integer or is outside the bounds of type <span class="code">unsigned int</span></p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_get_ulong"><span class="bold_code">int enif_get_ulong(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, unsigned long* ip)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Set <span class="code">*ip</span> to the unsigned long integer value of <span class="code">term</span> or return false if <span class="code">term</span> is not an unsigned integer or is outside the bounds of type <span class="code">unsigned long</span></p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_inspect_binary"><span class="bold_code">int enif_inspect_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM bin_term, ErlNifBinary* bin)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Initialize the structure pointed to by <span class="code">bin</span> with information about the binary term <span class="code">bin_term</span>. Return false if <span class="code">bin_term</span> is not a binary.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_inspect_iolist_as_binary"><span class="bold_code">int enif_inspect_iolist_as_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term, ErlNifBinary* bin) </span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Initialize the structure pointed to by <span class="code">bin</span> with one continuous buffer with the same byte content as <span class="code">iolist</span>. As with inspect_binary, the data pointed to by <span class="code">bin</span> is transient and does not need to be released. Return false if <span class="code">iolist</span> is not an iolist.</p> </p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_atom"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_atom(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if <span class="code">term</span> is an atom.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_binary"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if <span class="code">term</span> is a binary</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_empty_list"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_empty_list(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if <span class="code">term</span> is an empty list.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_fun"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_fun(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if <span class="code">term</span> is a fun.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_identical"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_identical(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM lhs, ERL_NIF_TERM rhs)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if the two terms are identical. Corresponds to the Erlang operators <span class="code">=:=</span> and <span class="code">=/=</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_pid"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_pid(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if <span class="code">term</span> is a pid.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_port"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_port(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if <span class="code">term</span> is a port.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_is_ref"><span class="bold_code">int enif_is_ref(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM term)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return true if <span class="code">term</span> is a reference.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_atom"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_atom(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* name)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an atom term from the C-string <span class="code">name</span>. Unlike other terms, atom terms may be saved and used between NIF calls.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_badarg"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_badarg(ErlNifEnv* env)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Make a badarg exception to be returned from a NIF.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_binary"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, ErlNifBinary* bin)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Make a binary term from <span class="code">bin</span>. Any ownership of the binary data will be transferred to the created term and <span class="code">bin</span> should be considered read-only for the rest of the NIF call and then as released.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_double"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_double(ErlNifEnv* env, double d)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an floating-point term from a <span class="code">double</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_existing_atom"><span class="bold_code">int enif_make_existing_atom(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* name, ERL_NIF_TERM* atom)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Try to create the term of an already existing atom from the C-string <span class="code">name</span>. If the atom already exist store the term in <span class="code">*atom</span> and return true, otherwise return false.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_int"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_int(ErlNifEnv* env, int i)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an integer term.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_list"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an ordinary list term of length <span class="code">cnt</span>. Expects <span class="code">cnt</span> number of arguments (after <span class="code">cnt</span>) of type ERL_NIF_TERM as the elements of the list. An empty list is returned if <span class="code">cnt</span> is 0.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_list1"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list1(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list2"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list2(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ERL_NIF_TERM e2)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list3"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list3(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ERL_NIF_TERM e2, ERL_NIF_TERM e3)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list4"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list4(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e4)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list5"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list5(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e5)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list6"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list6(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e6)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list7"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list7(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e7)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list8"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list8(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e8)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_list9"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list9(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e9)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an ordinary list term with length indicated by the function name. Prefer these functions (macros) over the variadic <span class="code">enif_make_list</span> to get compile time error if the number of arguments does not match.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_list_cell"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list_cell(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM head, ERL_NIF_TERM tail)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create a list cell <span class="code">[head | tail]</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_list_from_array"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_list_from_array(ErlNifEnv* env, const ERL_NIF_TERM arr[], unsigned cnt)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an ordinary list containing the elements of array <span class="code">arr</span> of length <span class="code">cnt</span>. An empty list is returned if <span class="code">cnt</span> is 0.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_long"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_long(ErlNifEnv* env, long int i)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an integer term from a <span class="code">long int</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_ref"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_ref(ErlNifEnv* env)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create a reference like <span class="bold_code"><a href="erlang.html#make_ref-0">erlang:make_ref/0</a></span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_resource"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an opaque handle to a memory managed resource object obtained by <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_alloc_resource">enif_alloc_resource</a></span>. No ownership transfer is done, the resource object still needs to be released by <span class="bold_code"><a href="#enif_release_resource">enif_release_resource</a></span>.</p> <p>Note that the only defined behaviour when using of a resource term in an Erlang program is to store it and send it between processes on the same node. Other operations such as matching or <span class="code">term_to_binary</span> will have unpredictable (but harmless) results.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_string"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_string(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* string, ErlNifCharEncoding encoding)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create a list containing the characters of the null-terminated string <span class="code">string</span> with encoding <span class="bold_code"><a href="#ErlNifCharEncoding">encoding</a></span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_sub_binary"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_sub_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM bin_term, unsigned pos, unsigned size)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Make a subbinary of binary <span class="code">bin_term</span>, starting at zero-based position <span class="code">pos</span> with a length of <span class="code">size</span> bytes. <span class="code">bin_term</span> must be a binary or bitstring and <span class="code">pos+size</span> must be less or equal to the number of whole bytes in <span class="code">bin_term</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_tuple"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned cnt, ...)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create a tuple term of arity <span class="code">cnt</span>. Expects <span class="code">cnt</span> number of arguments (after <span class="code">cnt</span>) of type ERL_NIF_TERM as the elements of the tuple.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_tuple1"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple1(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple2"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple2(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ERL_NIF_TERM e2)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple3"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple3(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ERL_NIF_TERM e2, ERL_NIF_TERM e3)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple4"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple4(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e4)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple5"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple5(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e5)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple6"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple6(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e6)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple7"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple7(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e7)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple8"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple8(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e8)</span></a><br><a name="enif_make_tuple9"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple9(ErlNifEnv* env, ERL_NIF_TERM e1, ..., ERL_NIF_TERM e9)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create a tuple term with length indicated by the function name. Prefer these functions (macros) over the variadic <span class="code">enif_make_tuple</span> to get compile time error if the number of arguments does not match.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_tuple_from_array"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_tuple_from_array(ErlNifEnv* env, const ERL_NIF_TERM arr[], unsigned cnt)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create a tuple containing the elements of array <span class="code">arr</span> of length <span class="code">cnt</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_uint"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_uint(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned int i)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an integer term from an <span class="code">unsigned int</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_make_ulong"><span class="bold_code">ERL_NIF_TERM enif_make_ulong(ErlNifEnv* env, unsigned long i)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create an integer term from an <span class="code">unsigned long int</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_mutex_create"><span class="bold_code">ErlNifMutex* enif_mutex_create(char *name)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_mutex_create">erl_drv_mutex_create()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_mutex_destroy"><span class="bold_code">void enif_mutex_destroy(ErlNifMutex *mtx)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_mutex_destroy">erl_drv_mutex_destroy()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_mutex_lock"><span class="bold_code">void enif_mutex_lock(ErlNifMutex *mtx)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_mutex_lock">erl_drv_mutex_lock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_mutex_trylock"><span class="bold_code">int enif_mutex_trylock(ErlNifMutex *mtx)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_mutex_trylock">erl_drv_mutex_trylock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_mutex_unlock"><span class="bold_code">void enif_mutex_unlock(ErlNifMutex *mtx)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_mutex_unlock">erl_drv_mutex_unlock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_open_resource_type"><span class="bold_code">ErlNifResourceType* enif_open_resource_type(ErlNifEnv* env, const char* name, ErlNifResourceDtor* dtor, ErlNifResourceFlags flags, ErlNifResourceFlags* tried)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Create or takeover a resource type identified by the string <span class="code">name</span> and give it the destructor function pointed to by <span class="bold_code"><a href="#ErlNifResourceDtor">dtor</a></span>. Argument <span class="code">flags</span> can have the following values:</p> <dl> <dt><strong><span class="code">ERL_NIF_RT_CREATE</span></strong></dt> <dd>Create a new resource type that does not already exist.</dd> <dt><strong><span class="code">ERL_NIF_RT_TAKEOVER</span></strong></dt> <dd>Open an existing resource type and take over ownership of all its instances. The supplied destructor <span class="code">dtor</span> will be called both for existing instances as well as new instances not yet created by the calling NIF library.</dd> </dl> <p>The two flag values can be combined with bitwise-or. To avoid unintentionally name clashes a good practice is to include the module name as part of the type <span class="code">name</span>. The <span class="code">dtor</span> may be <span class="code">NULL</span> in case no destructor is needed.</p> <p>On success, return a pointer to the resource type and <span class="code">*tried</span> will be set to either <span class="code">ERL_NIF_RT_CREATE</span> or <span class="code">ERL_NIF_RT_TAKEOVER</span> to indicate what was actually done. On failure, return <span class="code">NULL</span> and set <span class="code">*tried</span> to <span class="code">flags</span>. It is allowed to set <span class="code">tried</span> to <span class="code">NULL</span>.</p> <p>Note that <span class="code">enif_open_resource_type</span> is only allowed to be called in the three callbacks <span class="bold_code"><a href="#load">load</a></span>, <span class="bold_code"><a href="#reload">reload</a></span> and <span class="bold_code"><a href="#upgrade">upgrade</a></span>.</p> </p></div> <p><a name="enif_priv_data"><span class="bold_code">void* enif_priv_data(ErlNifEnv* env)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Return the pointer to the private data that was set by <span class="code">load</span>, <span class="code">reload</span> or <span class="code">upgrade</span>.</p> <p>Was previously named <span class="code">enif_get_data</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_realloc_binary"><span class="bold_code">void enif_realloc_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, ErlNifBinary* bin, unsigned size)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Change the size of a binary <span class="code">bin</span>. The source binary may be read-only, in which case it will be left untouched and a mutable copy is allocated and assigned to <span class="code">*bin</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_release_binary"><span class="bold_code">void enif_release_binary(ErlNifEnv* env, ErlNifBinary* bin)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Release a binary obtained from <span class="code">enif_alloc_binary</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_release_resource"><span class="bold_code">void enif_release_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Release a resource objects obtained from <span class="code">enif_alloc_resource</span>. The object may still be alive if it is referred to by Erlang terms. Each call to <span class="code">enif_release_resource</span> must correspond to a previous call to <span class="code">enif_alloc_resource</span>. References made by <span class="code">enif_make_resource</span> can only be released by the garbage collector.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_create"><span class="bold_code">ErlNifRWLock* enif_rwlock_create(char *name)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_create">erl_drv_rwlock_create()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_destroy"><span class="bold_code">void enif_rwlock_destroy(ErlNifRWLock *rwlck)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_destroy">erl_drv_rwlock_destroy()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_rlock"><span class="bold_code">void enif_rwlock_rlock(ErlNifRWLock *rwlck)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_rlock">erl_drv_rwlock_rlock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_runlock"><span class="bold_code">void enif_rwlock_runlock(ErlNifRWLock *rwlck)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_runlock">erl_drv_rwlock_runlock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_rwlock"><span class="bold_code">void enif_rwlock_rwlock(ErlNifRWLock *rwlck)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_rwlock">erl_drv_rwlock_rwlock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_rwunlock"><span class="bold_code">void enif_rwlock_rwunlock(ErlNifRWLock *rwlck)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_rwunlock">erl_drv_rwlock_rwunlock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_tryrlock"><span class="bold_code">int enif_rwlock_tryrlock(ErlNifRWLock *rwlck)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_tryrlock">erl_drv_rwlock_tryrlock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_rwlock_tryrwlock"><span class="bold_code">int enif_rwlock_tryrwlock(ErlNifRWLock *rwlck)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_rwlock_tryrwlock">erl_drv_rwlock_tryrwlock()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_sizeof_resource"><span class="bold_code">unsigned enif_sizeof_resource(ErlNifEnv* env, void* obj)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Get the byte size of a resource object <span class="code">obj</span> obtained by <span class="code">enif_alloc_resource</span>.</p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_system_info"><span class="bold_code">void enif_system_info(ErlNifSysInfo *sys_info_ptr, size_t size)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#driver_system_info">driver_system_info()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_thread_create"><span class="bold_code">int enif_thread_create(char *name,ErlNifTid *tid,void * (*func)(void *),void *args,ErlNifThreadOpts *opts)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_thread_create">erl_drv_thread_create()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_thread_exit"><span class="bold_code">void enif_thread_exit(void *resp)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_thread_exit">erl_drv_thread_exit()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_thread_join"><span class="bold_code">int enif_thread_join(ErlNifTid, void **respp)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_thread_join">erl_drv_thread_join ()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_thread_opts_create"><span class="bold_code">ErlNifThreadOpts* enif_thread_opts_create(char *name)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_thread_opts_create">erl_drv_thread_opts_create()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_thread_opts_destroy"><span class="bold_code">void enif_thread_opts_destroy(ErlNifThreadOpts *opts)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_thread_opts_destroy">erl_drv_thread_opts_destroy()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_thread_self"><span class="bold_code">ErlNifTid enif_thread_self(void)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_thread_self">erl_drv_thread_self()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_tsd_key_create"><span class="bold_code">int enif_tsd_key_create(char *name, ErlNifTSDKey *key)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_tsd_key_create">erl_drv_tsd_key_create()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_tsd_key_destroy"><span class="bold_code">void enif_tsd_key_destroy(ErlNifTSDKey key)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_tsd_key_destroy">erl_drv_tsd_key_destroy()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_tsd_get"><span class="bold_code">void* enif_tsd_get(ErlNifTSDKey key)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_tsd_get">erl_drv_tsd_get()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <p><a name="enif_tsd_set"><span class="bold_code">void enif_tsd_set(ErlNifTSDKey key, void *data)</span></a><br></p> <div class="REFBODY"><p><p>Same as <span class="bold_code"><a href="erl_driver.html#erl_drv_tsd_set">erl_drv_tsd_set()</a></span>. </p></p></div> <h3><a name="id2370242">SEE ALSO</a></h3> <div class="REFBODY"> <p><span class="bold_code"><a href="erlang.html#load_nif-2">load_nif(3)</a></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <hr> <p>Copyright © 1997-2010 Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div></body> </html>