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<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native"></a><a class="link" href="binary_native.html" title="Binary Native Endianness Generators"> Binary
Native Endianness Generators</a>
</h5></div></div></div>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.description"></a><h6>
<a name="id1060391"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.description">Description</a>
</h6>
<p>
The binary native endianness generators described in this section are
used to emit binary byte streams layed out conforming to the native endianess
(byte order) of the target architecture.
</p>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.header"></a><h6>
<a name="id1060408"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.header">Header</a>
</h6>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// forwards to <boost/spirit/home/karma/binary.hpp>
</span><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">karma_binary</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
</pre>
<p>
Also, see <a class="link" href="../../../structure/include.html" title="Include">Include Structure</a>.
</p>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.namespace"></a><h6>
<a name="id1060482"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.namespace">Namespace</a>
</h6>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<thead><tr><th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">byte_</span> <span class="comment">//
alias: boost::spirit::karma::byte_</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">word</span> <span class="comment">// alias:
boost::spirit::karma::word</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">dword</span> <span class="comment">//
alias: boost::spirit::karma::dword</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">qword</span> <span class="comment">//
alias: boost::spirit::karma::qword</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
The generators <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">qword</span></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">qw</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
are only available on platforms where the preprocessor constant <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_HAS_LONG_LONG</span></code> is defined (i.e.
on platforms having native support for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span>
<span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span></code>
(64 bit) integer types).
</p></td></tr>
</table></div>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.model_of"></a><h6>
<a name="id1060733"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.model_of">Model
of</a>
</h6>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
<a class="link" href="../generator_concepts/primitivegenerator.html" title="PrimitiveGenerator"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PrimitiveGenerator</span></code></a>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="variablelist">
<p class="title"><b>Notation</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">b</span></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A single byte (8 bit binary value) or a <a class="link" href="../karma_basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.karma_basics.lazy_argument">Lazy
Argument</a> that evaluates to a single byte
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">w</span></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A 16 bit binary value or a <a class="link" href="../karma_basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.karma_basics.lazy_argument">Lazy
Argument</a> that evaluates to a 16 bit binary value. This value
is always interpreted using native endianness.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">dw</span></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A 32 bit binary value or a <a class="link" href="../karma_basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.karma_basics.lazy_argument">Lazy
Argument</a> that evaluates to a 32 bit binary value. This value
is always interpreted using native endianness.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">qw</span></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A 64 bit binary value or a <a class="link" href="../karma_basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.karma_basics.lazy_argument">Lazy
Argument</a> that evaluates to a 64 bit binary value. This value
is always interpreted using native endianness.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.expression_semantics"></a><h6>
<a name="id1060870"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.expression_semantics">Expression
Semantics</a>
</h6>
<p>
Semantics of an expression is defined only where it differs from, or
is not defined in <a class="link" href="../generator_concepts/primitivegenerator.html" title="PrimitiveGenerator"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PrimitiveGenerator</span></code></a>.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">byte_</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant byte
of the mandatory attribute. This generator never fails (unless
the underlying output stream reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">word</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant 16
bits of the mandatory attribute in native endian representation.
This generator never fails (unless the underlying output stream
reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">dword</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant 32
bits of the mandatory attribute in native endian representation.
This generator never fails (unless the underlying output stream
reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">qword</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant 64
bits of the mandatory attribute in native endian representation.
This generator never fails (unless the underlying output stream
reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">byte_</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant byte
of the immediate parameter. This generator never fails (unless
the underlying output stream reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">word</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">w</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant 16
bits of the immediate parameter in native endian representation.
This generator never fails (unless the underlying output stream
reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">dword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">dw</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant 32
bits of the immediate parameter in native endian representation.
This generator never fails (unless the underlying output stream
reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">qw</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Output the binary representation of the least significant 64
bits of the immediate parameter in native endian representation.
This generator never fails (unless the underlying output stream
reports an error).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.attributes"></a><h6>
<a name="id1061260"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.attributes">Attributes</a>
</h6>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Attribute
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">byte_</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">uint_least8_t</span></code>, attribute
is mandatory (otherwise compilation will fail)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">word</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">uint_least16_t</span></code>, attribute
is mandatory (otherwise compilation will fail)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">dword</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">uint_least32_t</span></code>, attribute
is mandatory (otherwise compilation will fail)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">qword</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">uint_least64_t</span></code>, attribute
is mandatory (otherwise compilation will fail)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">byte_</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">unused</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">word</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">w</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">unused</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">dword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">dw</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">unused</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">qw</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">unused</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
In addition to their usual attribute of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Attrib</span></code>
all listed generators accept an instance of a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">Attrib</span><span class="special">></span></code> as well. If the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><></span></code> is initialized (holds a value)
the generators behave as if their attribute was an instance of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Attrib</span></code> and emit the value stored
in the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><></span></code>.
Otherwise the generators will fail.
</p></td></tr>
</table></div>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.complexity"></a><h6>
<a name="id1061724"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.complexity">Complexity</a>
</h6>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
O(N), where N is the number of bytes emitted by the binary generator
</p></blockquote></div>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.example"></a><h6>
<a name="id1061744"></a>
<a class="link" href="binary_native.html#spirit.karma.reference.binary.binary_native.example">Example</a>
</h6>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
The test harness for the example(s) below is presented in the <a class="link" href="../karma_basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.karma_basics.examples">Basics Examples</a>
section.
</p></td></tr>
</table></div>
<p>
Some includes:
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">phoenix_core</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">phoenix_operator</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">fusion</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">std_pair</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iostream</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Some using declarations:
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">byte_</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">word</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">dword</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Basic usage of the native binary generators with some results for little
endian platforms:
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">byte_</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0x01</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01\x02"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">word</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0x0201</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01\x02\x03\x04"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">dword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0x04030201</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">8</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="identifier">x0807060504030201LL</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">byte_</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0x01</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01\x02"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">word</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0x0201</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01\x02\x03\x04"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">dword</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0x04030201</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">8</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="identifier">x0807060504030201LL</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Basic usage of the native binary generators with some results for big
endian platforms:
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">byte_</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0x01</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x02\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">word</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0x0201</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x04\x03\x02\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">dword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0x04030201</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x08\x07\x06\x05\x04\x03\x02\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">8</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="identifier">x0807060504030201LL</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">byte_</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0x01</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x02\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">word</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0x0201</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x04\x03\x02\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">dword</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0x04030201</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_binary_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"\x08\x07\x06\x05\x04\x03\x02\x01"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">8</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">qword</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="identifier">x0807060504030201LL</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
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