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<title>GNU LilyPond Notation Reference: 1.3.3 Lines</title>
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<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="Curves.html#Falls-and-doits" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Falls and doits </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Expressive marks </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Glissando" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Glissando > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Lines"></a>
<h3 class="subsection">1.3.3 Lines</h3>
<p>This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Glissando" accesskey="1">Glissando</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Arpeggio" accesskey="2">Arpeggio</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Trills" accesskey="3">Trills</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Glissando"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Lines" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Lines </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Lines" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Lines </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Arpeggio" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Arpeggio > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Glissando"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Glissando</h4>
<a name="index-glissando"></a>
<a name="index-_005cglissando"></a>
<a name="index-_005cglissando-1"></a>
<a name="index-glissando-1"></a>
<a name="index-glissando-2"></a>
<p>A <var>glissando</var> is created by attaching <code>\glissando</code>
to a note:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">g2\glissando g'
c2\glissando c,
</pre><p>
<a href="../5c/lily-e43fab06.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../5c/lily-e43fab06.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Different styles of glissandi can be created. For details, see
<a href="Line-styles.html#Line-styles">Line styles</a>.
</p>
<a name="Selected-Snippets-43"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h4>
<p><em> Contemporary glissando</em>
</p>
<p>A contemporary glissando without a final note can be typeset using a
hidden note and cadenza timing.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
\override Glissando #'style = #'zigzag
c4 c
\cadenzaOn
c4\glissando
\hideNotes
c,,4
\unHideNotes
\cadenzaOff
\bar "|"
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../68/lily-7b4bbdbb.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../68/lily-7b4bbdbb.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-137"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Music Glossary:
<a name="index-glissando-3"></a>
<a href="../music-glossary/glissando.html#glissando">glissando</a>.
</p>
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Line-styles.html#Line-styles">Line styles</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Expressive marks</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-Glissando"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/Glissando.html#Glissando">Glissando</a>.
</p>
<a name="Known-issues-and-warnings-67"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h4>
<p>Printing text over the line (such as <var>gliss.</var>) is not
supported.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Arpeggio"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Glissando" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Glissando </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Lines" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Lines </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Trills" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Trills > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Arpeggio"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Arpeggio</h4>
<a name="index-arpeggio"></a>
<a name="index-broken-chord"></a>
<a name="index-chord_002c-broken"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggio"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggio-1"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggio-1"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggio-2"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioArrowUp"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioArrowUp-1"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioArrowUp"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioArrowUp-1"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioArrowDown"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioArrowDown-1"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioArrowDown"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioArrowDown-1"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioNormal"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioNormal-1"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioNormal"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioNormal-1"></a>
<p>An <var>arpeggio</var> on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
is denoted by appending <code>\arpeggio</code> to the chord construct:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><c e g c>1\arpeggio
</pre><p>
<a href="../5b/lily-5777b0b9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../5b/lily-5777b0b9.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Different types of arpeggios may be written.
<code>\arpeggioNormal</code> reverts to a normal arpeggio:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><c e g c>2\arpeggio
\arpeggioArrowUp
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
\arpeggioArrowDown
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
\arpeggioNormal
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
</pre><p>
<a href="../e2/lily-28a2ead5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../e2/lily-28a2ead5.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="index-arpeggio-symbols_002c-special"></a>
<a name="index-special-arpeggio-symbols"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioBracket"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioBracket-1"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioBracket"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioBracket-1"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioParenthesis"></a>
<a name="index-_005carpeggioParenthesis-1"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioParenthesis"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggioParenthesis-1"></a>
<p>Special <em>bracketed</em> arpeggio symbols can be created:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><c e g c>2
\arpeggioBracket
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
\arpeggioParenthesis
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
\arpeggioNormal
<c e g c>2\arpeggio
</pre><p>
<a href="../cc/lily-05292bb5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../cc/lily-05292bb5.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties. For more
information, see <a href="Writing-rhythms.html#Ties">Ties</a>.
</p>
<a name="Predefined-commands-26"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<p><code>\arpeggio</code>,
<code>\arpeggioArrowUp</code>,
<code>\arpeggioArrowDown</code>,
<code>\arpeggioNormal</code>,
<code>\arpeggioBracket</code>,
<code>\arpeggioParenthesis</code>.
</p>
<a name="Selected-Snippets-26"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h4>
<p><em> Creating cross-staff arpeggios in a piano staff</em>
</p>
<p>In a <code>PianoStaff</code>, it is possible to let an arpeggio cross between
the staves by setting the property <code>PianoStaff.connectArpeggios</code>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\new PianoStaff \relative c'' <<
\set PianoStaff.connectArpeggios = ##t
\new Staff {
<c e g c>4\arpeggio
<g c e g>4\arpeggio
<e g c e>4\arpeggio
<c e g c>4\arpeggio
}
\new Staff {
\clef bass
\repeat unfold 4 {
<c,, e g c>4\arpeggio
}
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../c8/lily-71109eae.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../c8/lily-71109eae.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em> Creating cross-staff arpeggios in other contexts</em>
</p>
<p>Cross-staff arpeggios can be created in contexts other than
<code>PianoStaff</code> if the <code>Span_arpeggio_engraver</code> is included in
the <code>Score</code> context.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\score {
\new StaffGroup {
\set Score.connectArpeggios = ##t
<<
\new Voice \relative c' {
<c e>2\arpeggio
<d f>2\arpeggio
<c e>1\arpeggio
}
\new Voice \relative c {
\clef bass
<c g'>2\arpeggio
<b g'>2\arpeggio
<c g'>1\arpeggio
}
>>
}
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\consists "Span_arpeggio_engraver"
}
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../d2/lily-9e2ead9b.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../d2/lily-9e2ead9b.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em> Creating arpeggios across notes in different voices</em>
</p>
<p>An arpeggio can be drawn across notes in different voices on the same
staff if the <code>Span_arpeggio_engraver</code> is moved to the <code>Staff</code>
context:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\new Staff \with {
\consists "Span_arpeggio_engraver"
}
\relative c' {
\set Staff.connectArpeggios = ##t
<<
{ <e' g>4\arpeggio <d f> <d f>2 } \\
{ <d, f>2\arpeggio <g b>2 }
>>
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../35/lily-7fe9f4b5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../35/lily-7fe9f4b5.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-18"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Music Glossary:
<a name="index-arpeggio-3"></a>
<a href="../music-glossary/arpeggio.html#arpeggio">arpeggio</a>.
</p>
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Writing-rhythms.html#Ties">Ties</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Expressive marks</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-Arpeggio"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/Arpeggio.html#Arpeggio">Arpeggio</a>,
<a name="index-PianoStaff-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/PianoStaff.html#PianoStaff">PianoStaff</a>.
</p>
<a name="Known-issues-and-warnings-20"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h4>
<a name="index-cross_002dstaff-parenthesis_002dstyle-arpeggio"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggio_002c-parenthesis_002dstyle_002c-cross_002dstaff"></a>
<a name="index-arpeggio_002c-cross_002dstaff-parenthesis_002dstyle"></a>
<p>It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
arpeggios in one <code>PianoStaff</code> at the same point in
time.
</p>
<p>The parenthesis-style arpeggio brackets do not work for
cross-staff arpeggios.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Trills"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Arpeggio" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Arpeggio </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Lines" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Lines </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Repeats.html#Repeats" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Repeats > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Trills"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Trills</h4>
<a name="index-trills"></a>
<a name="index-_005ctrill"></a>
<a name="index-_005ctrill-1"></a>
<a name="index-trill-1"></a>
<a name="index-trill-2"></a>
<a name="index-_005cstartTrillSpan"></a>
<a name="index-_005cstartTrillSpan-1"></a>
<a name="index-startTrillSpan"></a>
<a name="index-startTrillSpan-1"></a>
<a name="index-_005cstopTrillSpan"></a>
<a name="index-_005cstopTrillSpan-1"></a>
<a name="index-stopTrillSpan"></a>
<a name="index-stopTrillSpan-1"></a>
<p>Short <var>trills</var> without an extender line are printed with
<code>\trill</code>; see <a href="Attached-to-notes.html#Articulations-and-ornamentations">Articulations and ornamentations</a>.
</p>
<p>Longer trills with an extender line are made with
<code>\startTrillSpan</code> and <code>\stopTrillSpan</code>:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">d1~\startTrillSpan
d1
c2\stopTrillSpan r2
</pre><p>
<a href="../93/lily-f703fa45.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../93/lily-f703fa45.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In the following example, a trill is combined with grace notes.
The syntax of this construct and the method to precisely position
the grace notes are described in <a href="Special-rhythmic-concerns.html#Grace-notes">Grace notes</a>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">c1 \afterGrace
d1\startTrillSpan { c32[ d]\stopTrillSpan }
e2 r2
</pre><p>
<a href="../1d/lily-40236856.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../1d/lily-40236856.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="index-pitched-trills"></a>
<a name="index-trills_002c-pitched"></a>
<a name="index-_005cpitchedTrill"></a>
<a name="index-_005cpitchedTrill-1"></a>
<a name="index-pitchedTrill"></a>
<a name="index-pitchedTrill-1"></a>
<p>Trills that require an auxiliary note with an explicit pitch can
be typeset with the <code>\pitchedTrill</code> command. The first
argument is the main note, and the second is the <em>trilled</em>
note, printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\pitchedTrill e2\startTrillSpan fis
d\stopTrillSpan
</pre><p>
<a href="../92/lily-7339cc42.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../92/lily-7339cc42.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="index-pitched-trill-with-forced-accidental"></a>
<a name="index-trill_002c-pitched-with-forced-accidental"></a>
<a name="index-accidental_002c-forced-for-pitched-trill"></a>
<p>In the following example, the second pitched trill is ambiguous;
the accidental of the trilled note is not printed. As a
workaround, the accidentals of the trilled notes can be forced.
The second measure illustrates this method:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\pitchedTrill eis4\startTrillSpan fis
g\stopTrillSpan
\pitchedTrill eis4\startTrillSpan fis
g\stopTrillSpan
\pitchedTrill eis4\startTrillSpan fis
g\stopTrillSpan
\pitchedTrill eis4\startTrillSpan fis!
g\stopTrillSpan
</pre><p>
<a href="../98/lily-c2833aea.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../98/lily-c2833aea.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="Predefined-commands-17"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<p><code>\startTrillSpan</code>,
<code>\stopTrillSpan</code>.
</p>
<a name="See-also-153"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Music Glossary:
<a name="index-trill-3"></a>
<a href="../music-glossary/trill.html#trill">trill</a>.
</p>
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Attached-to-notes.html#Articulations-and-ornamentations">Articulations and ornamentations</a>,
<a href="Special-rhythmic-concerns.html#Grace-notes">Grace notes</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">Expressive marks</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-TrillSpanner"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/TrillSpanner.html#TrillSpanner">TrillSpanner</a>.
</p>
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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Musical-notation.html#Musical-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Musical notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.html#Specialist-notation" title="Next chapter"> Specialist notation >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Arpeggio" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Arpeggio </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Lines" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Lines </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Repeats.html#Repeats" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Repeats > </a>]</td></tr></table>
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title="Documentation Index"><< Back to Documentation Index</a></p>
<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.html#index" title="Start of the manual">Notation Reference</a></h4>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Musical-notation-1" href="Musical-notation.html#Musical-notation">1. Musical notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Pitches-1" href="Pitches.html#Pitches">1.1 Pitches</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythms-1" href="Rhythms.html#Rhythms">1.2 Rhythms</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Expressive-marks-1" href="Expressive-marks.html#Expressive-marks">1.3 Expressive marks</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Attached-to-notes-1" href="Attached-to-notes.html#Attached-to-notes">1.3.1 Attached to notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Curves-1" href="Curves.html#Curves">1.3.2 Curves</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Lines-1" href="Lines.html#Lines">1.3.3 Lines</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Glissando-1" href="Lines.html#Glissando">Glissando</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Arpeggio-1" href="Lines.html#Arpeggio">Arpeggio</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Trills-1" href="Lines.html#Trills">Trills</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Repeats-1" href="Repeats.html#Repeats">1.4 Repeats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Simultaneous-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.html#Simultaneous-notes">1.5 Simultaneous notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Staff-notation-1" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">1.6 Staff notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Editorial-annotations-1" href="Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">1.7 Editorial annotations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-1" href="Text.html#Text">1.8 Text</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Specialist-notation-1" href="Specialist-notation.html#Specialist-notation">2. Specialist notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-music-1" href="Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">2.1 Vocal music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments-1" href="Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments.html#Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments">2.2 Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Unfretted-string-instruments-1" href="Unfretted-string-instruments.html#Unfretted-string-instruments">2.3 Unfretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fretted-string-instruments-1" href="Fretted-string-instruments.html#Fretted-string-instruments">2.4 Fretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-1" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">2.5 Percussion</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Wind-instruments-1" href="Wind-instruments.html#Wind-instruments">2.6 Wind instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chord-notation-1" href="Chord-notation.html#Chord-notation">2.7 Chord notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">2.8 Ancient notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-World-music-1" href="World-music.html#World-music">2.9 World music</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-General-input-and-output-1" href="General-input-and-output.html#General-input-and-output">3. General input and output</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Input-structure-1" href="Input-structure.html#Input-structure">3.1 Input structure</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Titles-and-headers-1" href="Titles-and-headers.html#Titles-and-headers">3.2 Titles and headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Working-with-input-files-1" href="Working-with-input-files.html#Working-with-input-files">3.3 Working with input files</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-output-1" href="Controlling-output.html#Controlling-output">3.4 Controlling output</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-output-1" href="MIDI-output.html#MIDI-output">3.5 MIDI output</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Spacing-issues-1" href="Spacing-issues.html#Spacing-issues">4. Spacing issues</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Paper-and-pages-1" href="Paper-and-pages.html#Paper-and-pages">4.1 Paper and pages</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Music-layout-1" href="Music-layout.html#Music-layout">4.2 Music layout</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Breaks-1" href="Breaks.html#Breaks">4.3 Breaks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertical-spacing-1" href="Vertical-spacing.html#Vertical-spacing">4.4 Vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontal-spacing-1" href="Horizontal-spacing.html#Horizontal-spacing">4.5 Horizontal spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages-1" href="Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages.html#Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages">4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-defaults-1" href="Changing-defaults.html#Changing-defaults">5. Changing defaults</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Interpretation-contexts-1" href="Interpretation-contexts.html#Interpretation-contexts">5.1 Interpretation contexts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Explaining-the-Internals-Reference-1" href="Explaining-the-Internals-Reference.html#Explaining-the-Internals-Reference">5.2 Explaining the Internals Reference</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-properties-1" href="Modifying-properties.html#Modifying-properties">5.3 Modifying properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Useful-concepts-and-properties-1" href="Useful-concepts-and-properties.html#Useful-concepts-and-properties">5.4 Useful concepts and properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Advanced-tweaks-1" href="Advanced-tweaks.html#Advanced-tweaks">5.5 Advanced tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Interfaces-for-programmers-1" href="Interfaces-for-programmers.html#Interfaces-for-programmers">6. Interfaces for programmers</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Music-functions-1" href="Music-functions.html#Music-functions">6.1 Music functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Programmer-interfaces-1" href="Programmer-interfaces.html#Programmer-interfaces">6.2 Programmer interfaces</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Building-complicated-functions-1" href="Building-complicated-functions.html#Building-complicated-functions">6.3 Building complicated functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Markup-programmer-interface-1" href="Markup-programmer-interface.html#Markup-programmer-interface">6.4 Markup programmer interface</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-for-programmers-1" href="Contexts-for-programmers.html#Contexts-for-programmers">6.5 Contexts for programmers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-procedures-as-properties-1" href="Scheme-procedures-as-properties.html#Scheme-procedures-as-properties">6.6 Scheme procedures as properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak-1" href="Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak.html#Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak">6.7 Using Scheme code instead of <code>\tweak</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Difficult-tweaks-1" href="Difficult-tweaks.html#Difficult-tweaks">6.8 Difficult tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Literature-list-1" href="Literature-list.html#Literature-list">A. Literature list</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Notation-manual-tables-1" href="Notation-manual-tables.html#Notation-manual-tables">B. Notation manual tables</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Chord-name-chart-1" href="Chord-name-chart.html#Chord-name-chart">B.1 Chord name chart</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Common-chord-modifiers-1" href="Common-chord-modifiers.html#Common-chord-modifiers">B.2 Common chord modifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Predefined-fretboard-diagrams-1" href="Predefined-fretboard-diagrams.html#Predefined-fretboard-diagrams">B.3 Predefined fretboard diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-instruments-1" href="MIDI-instruments.html#MIDI-instruments">B.4 MIDI instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-colors-1" href="List-of-colors.html#List-of-colors">B.5 List of colors</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-The-Feta-font-1" href="The-Feta-font.html#The-Feta-font">B.6 The Feta font</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Note-head-styles-1" href="Note-head-styles.html#Note-head-styles">B.7 Note head styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-commands-1" href="Text-markup-commands.html#Text-markup-commands">B.8 Text markup commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-list-commands-1" href="Text-markup-list-commands.html#Text-markup-list-commands">B.9 Text markup list commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-articulations-1" href="List-of-articulations.html#List-of-articulations">B.10 List of articulations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-notes-1" href="Percussion-notes.html#Percussion-notes">B.11 Percussion notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-All-context-properties-1" href="All-context-properties.html#All-context-properties">B.12 All context properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Layout-properties-1" href="Layout-properties.html#Layout-properties">B.13 Layout properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Identifiers-1" href="Identifiers.html#Identifiers">B.14 Identifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-functions-1" href="Scheme-functions.html#Scheme-functions">B.15 Scheme functions</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Cheat-sheet-1" href="Cheat-sheet.html#Cheat-sheet">C. Cheat sheet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-grammar-1" href="LilyPond-grammar.html#LilyPond-grammar">D. LilyPond grammar</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-command-index-1" href="LilyPond-command-index.html#LilyPond-command-index">F. LilyPond command index</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-index-1" href="LilyPond-index.html#LilyPond-index">G. LilyPond index</a> </li>
</ul>
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