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<h1 class="heading"><a href="index.html"
title="back to the documentation overview"><span>Werkzeug</span></a></h1>
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<ul class="navigation">
<li class="indexlink"><a href="index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="utils.html">« Utilities</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">Mini Templates</a></li>
<li><a href="local.html">Context Locals »</a></li>
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<div id="toc">
<h3>Table Of Contents</h3>
<div class="inner"><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#">Mini Templates</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#syntax-elements">Syntax Elements</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#missing-variables">Missing Variables</a></li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#the-template-class">The Template Class</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<div class="section" id="module-werkzeug">
<span id="mini-templates"></span><h1>Mini Templates<a class="headerlink" href="#module-werkzeug" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Werkzeug ships a <strong>minimal</strong> templating system which is useful for small
scripts where you just want to generate some HTML and don’t want another
dependency or full blown template engine system.</p>
<p>It it however not recommended to use this template system for anything else
than simple content generation. The <a title="werkzeug.Template" class="reference internal" href="#werkzeug.Template"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Template</span></tt></a> class can be directly
imported from the <a class="reference external" href="wsgi.html#module-werkzeug"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">werkzeug</span></tt></a> module.</p>
<p>The template engine recognizes ASP/PHP like blocks and executes the code
in them:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Template</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'<</span><span class="si">% f</span><span class="s">or u in users %>${u["username"]}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"><</span><span class="si">% e</span><span class="s">ndfor %>'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">render</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">users</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[{</span><span class="s">'username'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'John'</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'username'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'Jane'</span><span class="p">}])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>would result in:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">John</span>
<span class="n">Jane</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also create templates from files:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Template</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'test.html'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The syntax elements are a mixture of django, genshi text and mod_python
templates and used internally in werkzeug components.</p>
<p>We do not recommend using this template engine in a real environment
because is quite slow and does not provide any advanced features. For
simple applications (cgi script like) this can however be sufficient.</p>
<div class="section" id="syntax-elements">
<h2>Syntax Elements<a class="headerlink" href="#syntax-elements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Printing Variables:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre>$variable
$variable.attribute[item](some, function)(calls)
${expression} or <%py print expression %>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Keep in mind that the print statement adds a newline after the call or
a whitespace if it ends with a comma.</p>
<p>For Loops:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre><% for item in seq %>
...
<% endfor %>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>While Loops:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre><% while expression %>
<%py break / continue %>
<% endwhile %>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If Conditions:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre><% if expression %>
...
<% elif expression %>
...
<% else %>
...
<% endif %>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Python Expressions:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre><%py
...
%>
<%python
...
%>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note on python expressions: You cannot start a loop in a python block
and continue it in another one. This example does <em>not</em> work:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre><%python
for item in seq:
%>
...
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Comments:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre><%#
This is a comment
%>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="missing-variables">
<h2>Missing Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#missing-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you try to access a missing variable you will get back an <cite>Undefined</cite>
object. You can iterate over such an object or print it and it won’t
fail. However every other operation will raise an error. To test if a
variable is undefined you can use this expression:</p>
<div class="highlight-text"><div class="highlight"><pre><% if variable is Undefined %>
...
<% endif %>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-template-class">
<h2>The Template Class<a class="headerlink" href="#the-template-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="werkzeug.Template">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">werkzeug.</tt><tt class="descname">Template</tt><big>(</big><em>source</em>, <em>filename='<template>'</em>, <em>charset='utf-8'</em>, <em>errors='strict'</em>, <em>unicode_mode=True</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#werkzeug.Template" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Represents a simple text based template. It’s a good idea to load such
templates from files on the file system to get better debug output.</p>
<p>Besides the normal global functions and objects, the following functions
are added to every namespace: <cite>escape</cite>, <cite>url_encode</cite>, <cite>url_quote</cite>, and
<cite>url_quote_plus</cite>. You can change those by subclassing <cite>Template</cite> and
overriding the <cite>default_context</cite> dict:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyTemplate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Template</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">default_namespace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="s">'ueber_func'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ueber_func</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c"># Now add the old functions, too, because they are useful.</span>
<span class="n">default_namespace</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Template</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">default_namespace</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<dl class="classmethod">
<dt id="werkzeug.Template.from_file">
<em class="property">classmethod </em><tt class="descname">from_file</tt><big>(</big><em>file</em>, <em>charset='utf-8'</em>, <em>errors='strict'</em>, <em>unicode_mode=True</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#werkzeug.Template.from_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Load a template from a file.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 0.5: </span>The encoding parameter was renamed to charset.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>file</strong> – a filename or file object to load the template from.</li>
<li><strong>charset</strong> – the charset of the template to load.</li>
<li><strong>errors</strong> – the error behavior of the charset decoding.</li>
<li><strong>unicode_mode</strong> – set to <cite>False</cite> to disable unicode mode.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">a template</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="werkzeug.Template.render">
<tt class="descname">render</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>context</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#werkzeug.Template.render" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This function accepts either a dict or some keyword arguments which
will then be the context the template is evaluated in. The return
value will be the rendered template.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>context</strong> – the function accepts the same arguments as the
<a title="(in Python v2.7)" class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">dict</span></tt></a> constructor.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">the rendered template as string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
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