<html> <head> <title>MCCCS Towhee (Weiner et al 1986)</title> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> <table width="675" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="590"> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="29"> <div align="center"> <font size="5"> <b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a name="top"></a>MCCCS Towhee (Weiner et al 1986)</font></b> </font> </div> </td> </tr> <A href="http://sourceforge.net"> <IMG src="http://sourceforge.net/sflogo.php?group_id=87039&type=5" width="210" height="62" border="0" alt="SourceForge.net Logo" align="right"/> </A> <tr> <td width="18" height="371" valign="top"> <p> </p> <p> </p> </td> <td width="697" valign="top"> <b>Overview</b> <ul> This section covers an early force field in the Amber family called the Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986 force field as it is implemented into the Towhee code. All of the Towhee atom types for the Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986 force field are listed, along with a short description of their meanings. For more information about the Amber family of force fields see the <a href="http://amber.scripps.edu">Amber web site</a>. Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986 is an extension of a a previous force field called <a href="weiner1984.html">Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1984</a> that contained a substantial subset of the atom types available in Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986, although please note that there were several small changes in parameters between 1984 and 1986. Additional parameters for Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986 were later added for pentaerythritrol tetranitrate as decribed in the <a href="dick1994.html">Dick and Ritchie 1994</a> manual. Note that Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986 is a 12-6 plus 12-10 H-bond force field and can only be combined with other '12-6 plus 12-10 H-bond' force fields. Any discrepencies (especially typos) from the published force field values are the sole responsibility of Marcus G. Martin, and I welcome feedback on how this implementation compares with other programs. <p> </p> </ul> <b>References for Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986</b> <ul> <ul> <li><a href="../references.html#weiner_et_al_1986">Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986.</a></li> </ul> </ul> <b>Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986 in Towhee</b> <ul> The official force field name for Weiner <i>et al.</i> in Towhee is 'Weiner1986' and the file name is towhee_ff_Weiner1986 in the ForceFields directory. Here I list all of the atom names for use in the towhee_input file, along with a brief description taken from the <a href="../references.html#weiner_et_al_1986">Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1984</a> and <a href="../references.html#weiner_et_al_1986">Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986</a> papers. Please note that the capitalization and spacing pattern is important and must be followed exactly as listed here. <ul> <dt><font color="red">Carbon</font> (united or atomic)</dt> <li><b>'C2'</b> : united sp<sup>3</sup> carbon with two hydrogens</li> <li><b>'C3'</b> : united sp<sup>3</sup> carbon with three hydrogens</li> <li><b>'CD'</b> : united sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in six-membered ring with one hydrogen</li> <li><b>'CE'</b> : united sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five-membered ring between two nitrogens with one hydrogen (in purines)</li> <li><b>'CF'</b> : united sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five-membered ring next to a nitrogen without a hydrogen (e.g., C<sub>delta</sub>-N<sub>epsilon</sub>=C<sub>epsilon</sub> in histidine)</li> <li><b>'CG'</b> : united sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five membered ring next to a N-H (e.g., C<sub>delta</sub>-N<sub>epsilon</sub>=C<sub>epsilon</sub> in histidine)</li> <li><b>'CH'</b> : united sp<sup>3</sup> carbon with one hydrogen</li> <li><b>'CI'</b> : united sp<sup>2</sup> carbon in six-membered ring of purines between two "NC" nitrogens</li> <li><b>'CJ'</b> : united sp<sup>2</sup> carbon in pyrimidines at positions 5 and 6 (more pure double bond than aromatic) with one hydrogen</li> <li><b>'CP'</b> : united sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five-membered ring between two nitrogens with one hydrogen (in His)</li> <li><b>'C'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> carbonyl carbon and aromatic carbon with hydroxyl substituent in tyrosine</li> <li><b>'C*'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five-membered ring with one substituent (e.g., CE<sub>gamma</sub> in Trp)</li> <li><b>'CA'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in six-membered ring with one substituent</li> <li><b>'CB'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon at junction between five- and six-membered rings (e.g., CE<sub>delta</sub> in Trp, C4 and C5 in purines)</li> <li><b>'CC'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five-membered ring with one substituent and next to a nitrogen group (e.g., C<sub>gamma</sub> in His)</li> <li><b>'CK'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five-membered ring between two nitrogens and bonded to one hydrogen (in purines)</li> <li><b>'CM'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> same as CJ but one substituent</li> <li><b>'CN'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic junction carbon in between five- and six-membered rings (e.g., C<sub>epsilon</sub> in Trp)</li> <li><b>'CQ'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> carbon in six membered ring of purines between two "NC" nitrogens and bonded to one hydrogen.</li> <li><b>'CR'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five membered ring between two nitrogens and bonded to one hydrogen (in HIS)</li> <li><b>'CT'</b> : atomic sp<sup>3</sup> carbon with four explicit substituents</li> <li><b>'CV'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five membered ring bonded to an N: and bonded to an explicit hydrogen (e.g. C<sub>delta</sub>-N<sub>epsilon</sub>=C<sub>epsilon</sub> in HIS)</li> <li><b>'CW'</b> : atomic sp<sup>2</sup> aromatic carbon in five membered ring bonded to an N-H and bonded to an explicit hydrogen (e.g. C<sub>delta</sub>-N<sub>epsilon</sub>-C<sub>epsilon</sub> in HIS).</li> <dt><font color="red">Hydrogen</font> (all atomic)</dt> <li><b>'H3'</b> : hydrogens of lysine and arginine (positively charged)</li> <li><b>'H2'</b> : amino hydrogens from NH<sub>2</sub> in purines and pyrimidines</li> <li><b>'HC'</b> : explicit hydrogen attached to carbon</li> <li><b>'H'</b> : amide and imino hydrogens</li> <li><b>'HO'</b> : hydrogen on hydroxyl or water oxygen</li> <li><b>'HS'</b> : hydrogen attached to sulfur</li> <dt><font color="red">Nitrogen</font> (all atomic)</dt> <li><b>'NC'</b> : sp<sup>2</sup> nitrogen in six-membered ring with lone pairs (e.g., N3 in adenine)</li> <li><b>'NA'</b> : sp<sup>2</sup> nitrogen in five-membered ring with hydrogen attached (e.g., protonated His)</li> <li><b>'NB'</b> : sp<sup>2</sup> nitrogen in five-membered ring with lone pairs (e.g., N7 in purines)</li> <li><b>'N*'</b> : sp<sup>2</sup> nitrogen in purines and pyrimidines with alkyl group attached (N9 in purines. N1 in pyrimidines)</li> <li><b>'N'</b> : sp<sup>2</sup> nitrogen in amide groups</li> <li><b>'N2'</b> : sp<sup>2</sup> nitrogen in base NH<sub>2</sub> groups and arginines NH<sub>2</sub></li> <li><b>'N3'</b> : sp<sup>3</sup> nitrogen with four substituents (e.g., Lys N<sub>zeta</sub></li> <li><b>'NT'</b> : sp<sup>3</sup> nitrogen with three substituents (e.g., unprotonated amines)</li> <dt><font color="red">Oxygen</font> (all atomic)</dt> <li><b>'O'</b> : carbonyl oxygen</li> <li><b>'O2'</b> : corboxyl and phosphate nonbonded oxygens</li> <li><b>'OS'</b> : ether and ester oxygens</li> <li><b>'OH'</b> : alcohol oxygens</li> <dt><font color="red">Phosphorus</font> (all atomic)</dt> <li><b>'P'</b> : phosphorus in phosphate groups</li> <dt><font color="red">Sulfur</font> (all atomic)</dt> <li><b>'S'</b> : sulfurs in disulfide linkages and mentioning</li> <li><b>'SH'</b> : sulfur in cycstine</li> <li><b>'LP'</b> : lone pairs attached to sulfur</li> </ul> </ul> <b>Coulombic Interactions</b> <ul> Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986 uses point charges located at atomic centers to represent the elecrostatic interactions between atoms. There is no simple, general table of charges for atoms in this force field. Instead, they recommend using the RESP method to fit the charges for each molecule of interest. See the <a href="http://amber.scripps.edu">Amber web site</a> for more information about this method. </ul> <b>Improper torsions</b> <ul> Improper torsions are not automatically generated by the Towhee code as the rules for determining where they are applied are not always straight-forward. Weiner <i>et al.</i> exclusively uses the Stereocenter version of the improper torsions, and they are typically centered on an sp<sup>2</sup> atom in order to enforce planarity with its three neighbors. However, they are also centered on some united-atoms in order to enforce stereochemistry. Only one improper torsion allowed to be centered on any atom. These torsions are listed in the Amber literature as i-j-k-l where the angle is the dihedral between i-k-l and j-k-l, and the bonding pattern is i, j, and l are all bonded to atom k, and are also not bonded to each other. In the towhee_input file this stereo improper torsion is listed only for atom k, and the atom order there is l, i, j. Remember that you can set the improper type to 0 to have the code automatically determine the improper type (so long as inpstyle is 2). Please see the <a href="../references.html#weiner_et_al_1986">Weiner <i>et al.</i> 1986</a> paper for more information about assigning improper torsions for this force field. </ul> <b>Proteins</b> <ul> This force field contains parameters for all of the amino acids, but these have not yet been implemented into the polymer builder in Towhee. If anyone is interested in implementing this functionality for this force field please contact the Towhee developers. </ul> <a href="../towhee_capabilities.html">Return to the Towhee Capabilities web page</a> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </table> <hr width="715" align="left"> <i><font size="2">Send comments to:</font></i> <font size="2"> <a href="mailto:marcus_martin@users.sourceforge.net">Marcus G. Martin</a><br> <i>Last updated:</i> <!-- #BeginDate format:Am1 -->September 07, 2005<!-- #EndDate --> </font> <br> </body> </html>