<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <!-- Generated by HsColour, http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/fp/darcs/hscolour/ --> <title>src/English.hs</title> <link type='text/css' rel='stylesheet' href='hscolour.css' /> </head> <body> <pre><a name="line-1"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- Copyright (C) 2008 Eric Kow</span> <a name="line-2"></a><span class='hs-comment'>--</span> <a name="line-3"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify</span> <a name="line-4"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by</span> <a name="line-5"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)</span> <a name="line-6"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- any later version.</span> <a name="line-7"></a><span class='hs-comment'>--</span> <a name="line-8"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,</span> <a name="line-9"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of</span> <a name="line-10"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the</span> <a name="line-11"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- GNU General Public License for more details.</span> <a name="line-12"></a><span class='hs-comment'>--</span> <a name="line-13"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License</span> <a name="line-14"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to</span> <a name="line-15"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,</span> <a name="line-16"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.</span> <a name="line-17"></a> <a name="line-18"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | This modules provides rudimentary natural language generation</span> <a name="line-19"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- (NLG) utilities. That is, generating natural language from a</span> <a name="line-20"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- machine representation. Initially, only English is supported at</span> <a name="line-21"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- all. Representations are implemented for:</span> <a name="line-22"></a><span class='hs-comment'>--</span> <a name="line-23"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- * countable nouns (plurality); and</span> <a name="line-24"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- * lists of clauses (foo, bar and/or baz).</span> <a name="line-25"></a><span class='hs-keyword'>module</span> <span class='hs-conid'>English</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>where</span> <a name="line-26"></a> <a name="line-27"></a><span class='hs-keyword'>import</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Data</span><span class='hs-varop'>.</span><span class='hs-conid'>List</span> <span class='hs-layout'>(</span><span class='hs-varid'>isSuffixOf</span><span class='hs-layout'>,</span> <span class='hs-varid'>intersperse</span><span class='hs-layout'>)</span> <a name="line-28"></a> <a name="line-29"></a><a name="englishNum"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | > englishNum 0 (Noun "watch") "" == "watches"</span> <a name="line-30"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- > englishNum 1 (Noun "watch") "" == "watch"</span> <a name="line-31"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- > englishNum 2 (Noun "watch") "" == "watches"</span> <a name="line-32"></a><span class='hs-definition'>englishNum</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>::</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Countable</span> <span class='hs-varid'>n</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=></span> <span class='hs-conid'>Int</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-varid'>n</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-conid'>ShowS</span> <a name="line-33"></a><span class='hs-definition'>englishNum</span> <span class='hs-varid'>x</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>if</span> <span class='hs-varid'>x</span> <span class='hs-varop'>==</span> <span class='hs-num'>1</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>then</span> <span class='hs-varid'>singular</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>else</span> <span class='hs-varid'>plural</span> <a name="line-34"></a> <a name="line-35"></a><a name="Countable"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | Things that have a plural and singular spelling</span> <a name="line-36"></a><a name="Countable"></a><span class='hs-keyword'>class</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Countable</span> <span class='hs-varid'>a</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>where</span> <a name="line-37"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>plural</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>::</span> <span class='hs-varid'>a</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-conid'>ShowS</span> <a name="line-38"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>singular</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>::</span> <span class='hs-varid'>a</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-conid'>ShowS</span> <a name="line-39"></a> <a name="line-40"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | This only distinguishes between nouns with a final -ch,</span> <a name="line-41"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- and nouns which do not.</span> <a name="line-42"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- More irregular nouns will just need to have their own type</span> <a name="line-43"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-comment'>--</span> <a name="line-44"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- > plural (Noun "batch") "" == "batches"</span> <a name="line-45"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- > plural (Noun "bat") "" == "bats"</span> <a name="line-46"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- > plural (Noun "mouse") "" == "mouses" -- :-(</span> <a name="line-47"></a><a name="Noun"></a><span class='hs-keyword'>newtype</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Noun</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Noun</span> <span class='hs-conid'>String</span> <a name="line-48"></a> <a name="line-49"></a><span class='hs-keyword'>instance</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Countable</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Noun</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>where</span> <a name="line-50"></a> <span class='hs-comment'>-- more irregular nouns will just need to have their own type</span> <a name="line-51"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>plural</span> <span class='hs-layout'>(</span><span class='hs-conid'>Noun</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span><span class='hs-layout'>)</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>|</span> <span class='hs-str'>"ch"</span> <span class='hs-varop'>`isSuffixOf`</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>showString</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span> <span class='hs-varop'>.</span> <span class='hs-varid'>showString</span> <span class='hs-str'>"es"</span> <a name="line-52"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>plural</span> <span class='hs-layout'>(</span><span class='hs-conid'>Noun</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span><span class='hs-layout'>)</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>showString</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span> <span class='hs-varop'>.</span> <span class='hs-varid'>showChar</span> <span class='hs-chr'>'s'</span> <a name="line-53"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>singular</span> <span class='hs-layout'>(</span><span class='hs-conid'>Noun</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span><span class='hs-layout'>)</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>showString</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span> <a name="line-54"></a> <a name="line-55"></a><a name="This"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | > singular This (Noun "batch") "" == "this batch"</span> <a name="line-56"></a><a name="This"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- > plural This (Noun "batch") "" == "these batches"</span> <a name="line-57"></a><a name="This"></a><span class='hs-keyword'>data</span> <span class='hs-conid'>This</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-conid'>This</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Noun</span> <a name="line-58"></a> <a name="line-59"></a><span class='hs-keyword'>instance</span> <span class='hs-conid'>Countable</span> <span class='hs-conid'>This</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>where</span> <a name="line-60"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>plural</span> <span class='hs-layout'>(</span><span class='hs-conid'>This</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span><span class='hs-layout'>)</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>showString</span> <span class='hs-str'>"these "</span> <span class='hs-varop'>.</span> <span class='hs-varid'>plural</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span> <a name="line-61"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>singular</span> <span class='hs-layout'>(</span><span class='hs-conid'>This</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span><span class='hs-layout'>)</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>showString</span> <span class='hs-str'>"this "</span> <span class='hs-varop'>.</span> <span class='hs-varid'>singular</span> <span class='hs-varid'>s</span> <a name="line-62"></a> <a name="line-63"></a><a name="andClauses"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | Given a list of things, combine them thusly:</span> <a name="line-64"></a><span class='hs-comment'>--</span> <a name="line-65"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- > orClauses ["foo", "bar", "baz"] == "foo, bar or baz"</span> <a name="line-66"></a><span class='hs-definition'>andClauses</span><span class='hs-layout'>,</span> <span class='hs-varid'>orClauses</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>::</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>[</span><span class='hs-conid'>String</span><span class='hs-keyglyph'>]</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-conid'>String</span> <a name="line-67"></a><span class='hs-definition'>andClauses</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>intersperseLast</span> <span class='hs-str'>", "</span> <span class='hs-str'>" and "</span> <a name="line-68"></a><a name="orClauses"></a><span class='hs-definition'>orClauses</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>intersperseLast</span> <span class='hs-str'>", "</span> <span class='hs-str'>" or "</span> <a name="line-69"></a> <a name="line-70"></a><a name="intersperseLast"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | As 'intersperse', with a different separator for the last</span> <a name="line-71"></a><span class='hs-comment'>-- | interspersal.</span> <a name="line-72"></a><span class='hs-definition'>intersperseLast</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>::</span> <span class='hs-conid'>String</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-conid'>String</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>[</span><span class='hs-conid'>String</span><span class='hs-keyglyph'>]</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>-></span> <span class='hs-conid'>String</span> <a name="line-73"></a><span class='hs-definition'>intersperseLast</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>_</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>_</span> <span class='hs-conid'>[]</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-str'>""</span> <a name="line-74"></a><span class='hs-definition'>intersperseLast</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>_</span> <span class='hs-keyword'>_</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>[</span><span class='hs-varid'>clause</span><span class='hs-keyglyph'>]</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <span class='hs-varid'>clause</span> <a name="line-75"></a><span class='hs-definition'>intersperseLast</span> <span class='hs-varid'>sep</span> <span class='hs-varid'>sepLast</span> <span class='hs-varid'>clauses</span> <span class='hs-keyglyph'>=</span> <a name="line-76"></a> <span class='hs-varid'>concat</span> <span class='hs-layout'>(</span><span class='hs-varid'>intersperse</span> <span class='hs-varid'>sep</span> <span class='hs-varop'>$</span> <span class='hs-varid'>init</span> <span class='hs-varid'>clauses</span><span class='hs-layout'>)</span> <span class='hs-varop'>++</span> <span class='hs-varid'>sepLast</span> <span class='hs-varop'>++</span> <span class='hs-varid'>last</span> <span class='hs-varid'>clauses</span> </pre></body> </html>
