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>FreeTDS</SPAN
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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="FREETDSCONF"
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> file</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="FREETDSCONFPURPOSE"
>What it does</A
></H2
><P
>Just as DNS defines hostnames for network addresses, <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> uses a <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>servername</I
> to define the properties of your server. <A
NAME="AEN942"
HREF="#FTN.AEN942"
><SPAN
CLASS="footnote"
>[1]</SPAN
></A
>
In particular, <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> needs to know:
<P
></P
><P
><B
>Primary Server Properties</B
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>Hostname or IP address of the server</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Port number or Instance name (not both)</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TDS</ACRONYM
> protocol version</P
></LI
></UL
> </P
><P
></P
><P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="NOTE"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> also supports an older configuration file format, known as the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>interfaces</TT
> file. Use <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> unless <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>interfaces</TT
> is needed for your situation. It is easier to read, and it is where all the new options are being added. <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> looks for <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> first, falling back on <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>interfaces</TT
> only if <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> is not found.</P
><P
>Should you need it, more information about <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>interfaces</TT
> can be found in the <A
HREF="interfacesfile.htm"
>Appendix</A
>.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="FREETDSCONFLOCATION"
>Where it goes</A
></H2
><P
>The default location of <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> is determined by the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>--sysconfdir</TT
> option of <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>configure</B
>. If you don't specify anything, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>configure</B
>'s default <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sysconfdir</TT
> is <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/etc</TT
>. <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tsql -C</B
> reports the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sysconfdir</TT
> to let you confirm it.</P
><P
>In addition, <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> will look for a file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.freetds.conf</TT
> in the user's home directory (<CODE
CLASS="ENVAR"
>${HOME}</CODE
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/.freetds.conf</TT
>).</P
><P
>The actual name and location of <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> may be specified by the environment variable <CODE
CLASS="ENVAR"
>FREETDS</CODE
> (or <CODE
CLASS="ENVAR"
>FREETDSCONF</CODE
>, same effect). See <A
HREF="envvar.htm"
>Environment Variables</A
>, below.</P
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> reads the user's <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>${HOME}/</I
></TT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.freetds.conf</TT
> before resorting to the system-wide <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>sysconfdir/</I
></TT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
>. The file used is the first one that is readable and contains a section for the server.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="FREETDSCONFFORMAT"
>What it looks like</A
></H2
><P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> The following information is also provided in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> manual page, cf. <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>man freetds.conf</B
>.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></P
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> file format is similar to that of Samba's modified <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>win.ini</TT
>"</SPAN
>. It
is composed of two types of sections: one <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>[global]</TT
> section, and a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>servername</I
></TT
>]</TT
> section for each servername. Settings in the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>[global]</TT
> section affect all servernames, but can be overridden in a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>servername</I
></TT
>]</TT
> section. For example</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="E.G.FREETDSCONF"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 3-1. A <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> file example</B
></P
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> [global]
tds version = 4.2
[myserver]
host = ntbox.mydomain.com
port = 1433
[myserver2]
host = unixbox.mydomain.com
port = 4000
tds version = 5.0
[myserver3]
host = instancebox.mydomain.com
instance = foo
tds version = 7.1
</PRE
></DIV
><P
>In this example, the default <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TDS</ACRONYM
> version for all servernames is set to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>4.2</TT
>. It is then overridden for <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>myserver2</TT
> (a Sybase server) which uses <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>5.0</TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>myserver3</TT
> (a MSSQL 2000 server) which uses <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>7.1</TT
>.</P
><P
>Usually, it is sufficient to state just the server's hostname and TDS protocol version. Everything else can be inferred, unless your setup (or your server's) strays from the defaults.
<DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Some people seem to feel safer using the IP address for the server, rather than its name. We don't recommend you do that. Use the name, and benefit from the inherent advantages. That's why DNS was invented in the first place, you know.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></P
><P
>It bears mentioning here that prior versions of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> were quite fussy about domain logins, forcing users to make explicit per-server entries in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
>. That is no longer the case. If the username has the form <CODE
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>DOMAIN\username</CODE
>, <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> will automatically use a domain login.</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="TAB.FREETDS.CONF"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 3-2. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> settings</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Name</TH
><TH
>Possible Values</TH
><TH
>Default</TH
><TH
>Meaning</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>tds version</TD
><TD
>4.2, 5.0, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>auto</TT
></TD
><TD
><CODE
CLASS="PARAMETER"
>--with-tdsver</CODE
> value (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>5.0</TT
> if unspecified)
Overridden by <A
HREF="envvar.htm#TDSVER"
>TDSVER</A
>.</TD
><TD
>The <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TDS</ACRONYM
> protocol version to use when connecting. <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>auto</TT
>"</SPAN
> tells <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> to use an autodetection (trial-and-error) algorithm to choose the protocol version. </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>host</TD
><TD
>host name or IP address</TD
><TD
>none</TD
><TD
>The host that the servername is running on.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>port</TD
><TD
>any valid port</TD
><TD
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TD
>Product</TD
><TD
>Version</TD
><TD
>Default Port</TD
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>Sybase <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>SQL Server</SPAN
></TD
><TD
>prior to System 10</TD
><TD
>1433</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Sybase <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>SQL Server</SPAN
></TD
><TD
>10 and up</TD
><TD
>5000</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Sybase <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>SQL Anywhere</SPAN
></TD
><TD
>7</TD
><TD
>2638</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Microsoft <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>SQL Server</SPAN
></TD
><TD
>all</TD
><TD
>1433</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></TD
><TD
> The port number that the servername is listening to.
<SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>Please note:</I
></SPAN
>
The "defaults" to the left are the server's default settings. <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> chooses its default port based on the TDS protocol version: <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>5000</TT
> for <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TDS</ACRONYM
> <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>5.0</TT
>, and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1433</TT
> for everything else. Mutually exclusive with <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>instance</I
></SPAN
>, below.
Overridden by <A
HREF="envvar.htm#TDSPORT"
>TDSPORT</A
>. </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>instance</TD
><TD
>instance name</TD
><TD
>none</TD
><TD
><P
>Name of Microsoft SQL Server <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>instance</I
></SPAN
> to connect to. The port will be detected automatically. Mutually exclusive with <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>port</I
></SPAN
>, above. Requires UDP connection to port 1434 on the server.</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="ASA.DATABASE"
></A
><TD
>ASA database</TD
><TD
>valid database name</TD
><TD
>servername [<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>section</I
></TT
>] name</TD
><TD
>Specifies the name of the default database when connecting to an ASA server. A TDS 5.0 login packet has a field called <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>lservname</TT
>. For most TDS servers, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>lservname</TT
> is a user-defined string with no inherent meaning. ASA servers, however, requires that <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>lservname</TT
> contain a valid database name, and sets that as the default database for the connection. FreeTDS normally fills <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>lservname</TT
> with the [<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>section</I
></TT
>] text.. This entry instead sets the database name independently of the [<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>section</I
></TT
>] name. </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>initial block size</TD
><TD
>multiple of 512</TD
><TD
>512</TD
><TD
>Specifies the maximum size of a protocol block. Don't mess with unless you know what you are doing.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>dump file</TD
><TD
>any valid file name</TD
><TD
>none
Overridden by <A
HREF="logging.htm#TDSDUMP"
>TDSDUMP</A
>.
</TD
><TD
>Specifies the location of a tds dump file and turns on logging</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>dump file append</TD
><TD
>yes/no</TD
><TD
>no</TD
><TD
>Appends dump file instead of overwriting it. Useful for debugging when many processes are active.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>timeout</TD
><TD
>0-</TD
><TD
>none</TD
><TD
>Sets period to wait for response of query before timing out.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>connect timeout</TD
><TD
>0-</TD
><TD
>none</TD
><TD
>Sets period to wait for response from connect before timing out.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>emulate little endian</TD
><TD
>yes/no</TD
><TD
>no</TD
><TD
>Forces big endian machines (Sparc, PPC, PARISC) to act as little endian to communicate with MS Servers. Set automatically for <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TDS</ACRONYM
> 7.0 or above on big endian hosts</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="CLIENTCHARSET"
></A
><TD
>client charset</TD
><TD
>any valid iconv character set</TD
><TD
>ISO-8859-1<A
NAME="AEN1163"
HREF="#FTN.AEN1163"
><SPAN
CLASS="footnote"
>[a]</SPAN
></A
></TD
><TD
>Makes <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> use iconv to convert to and from the specified character set from UCS-2 in <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TDS</ACRONYM
> 7.0 or above.
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> uses iconv to convert all character data, so there's no need to match the server's charset to insert any characters the server supports.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>text size</TD
><TD
>0 to 4,294,967,295</TD
><TD
>4,294,967,295</TD
><TD
>default value of TEXTSIZE, in bytes. For <SPAN
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</SPAN
> and <SPAN
CLASS="TYPE"
>image</SPAN
> datatypes, sets the maximum width of any returned column. Cf. <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>set TEXTSIZE</B
> in the <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>T-SQL</ACRONYM
> documentation for your server. </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>debug flags</TD
><TD
>Any number even in hex or octal notation</TD
><TD
>0x4fff</TD
><TD
>Sets granularity of logging. A bitmask. See table below for specification.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>encryption</TD
><TD
>off/request/required</TD
><TD
>off</TD
><TD
>Specify if encryption is desidered. Supported for Microsoft servers. <CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>off</CODE
> disables encryption (only if needed); <CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>request</CODE
> means use if available; <CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>required</CODE
> means create and allow encrypted connections only.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>enable gssapi delegation</TD
><TD
>on/off</TD
><TD
>off</TD
><TD
>Enable delegation flag using Kerberos.</TD
></TR
></TBODY
><TR
><TD
COLSPAN="4"
>Notes:<BR><A
NAME="FTN.AEN1163"
>a. </A
>Valid for ISO 8859-1 character set. See <A
HREF="localization.htm"
>Localization and <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>TDS</ACRONYM
> 7.0</A
> for more information.<BR></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN1198"
>Overrides</A
></H3
><P
>Many settings in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> can be overridden by <A
HREF="envvar.htm"
>environment variables</A
>.</P
><P
>The servername can also be decorated adding the port or instance name using <A
HREF="portoverride.htm"
>port override syntax</A
>.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN1205"
>Controlling log details</A
></H3
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="ABSTRACT"
><DIV
CLASS="ABSTRACT"
><P
></P
><A
NAME="AEN1207"
></A
><P
>The logging capability has helped solve innumerable cases, some trivial and some very low-level bugs. Sometimes a developer needs very detailed information about one function, whereas someone else may interested only in whether or not a particular function is called, or even want to see only the SQL that was transmitted to the server.</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></BLOCKQUOTE
><P
>The log's granularity can be controlled with the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>debug flags</TT
> entry. The default value (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>4FFF</TT
> hex) gives a level of detail that is useful for resolving problems via the mailing list.</P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="TAB.FREETDS.CONF.DEBUGFLAGS"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 3-3. Valid bitmask values for <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>debug flags</TT
> entry in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
></B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Value</TH
><TH
>Meaning</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>0x80</TD
><TD
>function trace and info</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x40</TD
><TD
>information level 2</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x20</TD
><TD
>information level 1</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x10</TD
><TD
>network</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x08</TD
><TD
>warning</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x04</TD
><TD
>error</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x02</TD
><TD
>severe error</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x1000</TD
><TD
>show pid</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x2000</TD
><TD
>show time</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x4000</TD
><TD
>show source level info (source file and line)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>0x8000</TD
><TD
>thread id (not implemented)</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>For more about the wonderful world of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> logs, see <A
HREF="logging.htm"
>Logging</A
>.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN1258"
>Deprecated options</A
></H3
><P
>The following options have long been deprecated.</P
><P
></P
><P
><B
>Deprecated <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>freetds.conf</TT
> settings</B
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
><CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>try server login</CODE
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>try domain login </CODE
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>nt domain </CODE
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>cross domain login </CODE
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><CODE
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>debug level </CODE
></P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><H3
CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
>Notes</H3
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="5%"
><A
NAME="FTN.AEN942"
HREF="freetdsconf.htm#AEN942"
><SPAN
CLASS="footnote"
>[1]</SPAN
></A
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="95%"
><P
>In general, the servername is arbitrary and local; it's used only by your client programs to tell <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> which server to connect to. You can choose any name you like.</P
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Sybase SQL Anywhere</SPAN
> (a/k/a Sybase ASA), however, is fussy. Unless you use the <A
HREF="freetdsconf.htm#ASA.DATABASE"
>ASA Database</A
> property, you must use the database's name as your servername. Otherwise, the server will refuse your connection.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
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>servername</I
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> Lookup</TD
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>The <TT
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