<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html><head><title>Olivia Modes</title></head><body bgcolor="#ffffcc" link="#cc0088" text="#666644" vlink="#995544"> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1"> </font><h1><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">Olivia Modes</font></h1> <p> </p><hr> <h3><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">General Description</font></h3> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">Olivia is a family of MFSK modes with a high redundancy Forward Error Correction system similar to MT63. The family is very large, with 40 or more different options, which can make it very difficult to work out which is which. The mode works well on poor HF paths and has good sensitivity, and is best used for fixed skeds, as </font><p> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">The most widely used versions have a symbol rate of 31.25 baud. The typing speed is varied by changing the number of tones used, but can also be changed by change of baud rate. RTTYM and Contestia are variants of Olivia. The MFSK is constant phase, and the transmission constant amplitude, so transmitter linearity is inimportant. The modes are moderately tolerant of mis-tuning. The typing rate is very modest, given the high bandwidth used. </font></p><p> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">The mode was designed by Pawel SP9VRC. </font></p><h3><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">Protocol</font></h3> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">These are unconnected, manually controlled message asynchronous symbol synchronous simplex chat modes, with full-time Forward Error Correction. The tones are spaced the same as the baud rate, for example 31.25Hz for the 31.25 baud modes. The default mode has 32 tones and is 1kHz wide. </font><p> </p><h3><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">Coding and Character Set</font></h3> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">The ASCII-128 user interface is mapped to a block of sequential MFSK tones via a Walsh-Hadamard function (rate 7/64). Tones are deployed via a gray coder. </font><p> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">There are three popular modes, which have 8-FSK, 16-FSK and 32-FSK, thus having three, four or five bits per symbol. The modes have two serious shortcomings - excessive bandwidth combined with slow typing rate, and excessive latency (delay between overs). </font></p><h3><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1">Operating Parameters</font></h3> <table bgcolor="#eeeeff" border="1"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#eeffff"> <td><small><b>Mode</b></small></td> <td><small><b>Symbol Rate</b></small></td> <td><small><b>Typing Speed<sup>1</sup></b></small></td> <td><small><b>Duty Cycle<sup>2</sup></b></small></td> <td><small><b>Modulation</b></small></td> <td><small><b>Bandwidth<sup>3</sup></b></small></td> <td><small><b>ITU Designation<sup>4</sup></b></small></td></tr> <tr> <td><small>Olivia 8-250</small></td> <td><small>31.25 baud</small></td> <td><small>1.46 cps (14.6 wpm)</small></td> <td><small>100%</small></td> <td><small>8-FSK</small></td> <td><small>250 Hz</small></td> <td><small>250HF1B</small></td> </tr><tr> <td><small>Olivia 16-500</small></td> <td><small>31.25 baud</small></td> <td><small>1.95 cps (19.5 wpm)</small></td> <td><small>100%</small></td> <td><small>16-FSK</small></td> <td><small>500 Hz</small></td> <td><small>500HF1B</small></td> </tr><tr> <td><small>Olivia 32-1000<sup>5</sup></small></td> <td><small>31.25 baud</small></td> <td><small>2.44 cps (24.4 wpm)</small></td> <td><small>100%</small></td> <td><small>32-FSK</small></td> <td><small>1000 Hz</small></td> <td><small>1K00F1B</small></td> </tr></tbody></table> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="-1"><small><br><b>Notes:</b><br> 1. WPM is based on an average 5 characters per word, plus word space.<br> 2. Transmitter average power output relative to a constant carrier of the same PEP value.<br> 3. This is the "Necessary Bandwidth" as defined by the ITU.<br> 4. A summary of the ITU Designation system can be found at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_radio_emissions">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_radio_emissions</a><br> 5. Default and normal calling mode. Only three representative members of the Olivia family are listed.</small></font></body></html>
