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<a name="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="Entering-lyrics.ja.html#Working-with-lyrics-and-variables" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Working with lyrics and variables </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="Vocal-music.ja.html#Vocal-music" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Vocal music </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Automatic-syllable-durations" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Automatic syllable durations > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody"></a>
<h3 class="subsection">2.1.3 Aligning lyrics to a melody</h3>
<a name="index-_005clyricmode-2"></a>
<a name="index-_005clyricmode-3"></a>
<a name="index-_005caddlyrics-1"></a>
<a name="index-_005caddlyrics-2"></a>
<a name="index-_005clyricsto"></a>
<a name="index-_005clyricsto-1"></a>
<p>Aligning of text with melodies can be made automatically, but if you
specify the durations of the syllables it can also be made manually.
Lyrics aligning and typesetting are prepared with the help of skips,
hyphens and extender lines.
</p>
<p>Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
<a name="index-Lyrics-2"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/Lyrics.ja.html#Lyrics">Lyrics</a>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\new Lyrics \lyricmode …
</pre></blockquote>
<p>There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
of the syllables:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
by automatically aligning
the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using <code>\addlyrics</code>
or <code>\lyricsto</code>.
</li><li>
or by specifying the duration of each syllable
explicitly, using <code>\lyricmode</code>
</li></ul>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Automatic-syllable-durations" accesskey="1">Automatic syllable durations</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Manual-syllable-durations" accesskey="2">Manual syllable durations</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-syllables-to-one-note" accesskey="3">Multiple syllables to one note</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Multiple-notes-to-one-syllable" accesskey="4">Multiple notes to one syllable</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Skipping-notes" accesskey="5">Skipping notes</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Extenders-and-hyphens" accesskey="6">Extenders and hyphens</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Lyrics-and-repeats" accesskey="7">Lyrics and repeats</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Automatic-syllable-durations"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Manual-syllable-durations" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Manual syllable durations > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Automatic-syllable-durations"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Automatic syllable durations</h4>
<a name="index-automatic-syllable-durations"></a>
<a name="index-lyrics-and-melodies"></a>
<p>The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
automatically. This is achieved by combining the
melody and the lyrics with the <code>\lyricsto</code> expression
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\new Lyrics \lyricsto <var>name</var> …
</pre></blockquote>
<p>This aligns the lyrics to the
notes of the <a name="index-Voice-8"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/Voice.ja.html#Voice">Voice</a> context called <var>name</var>, which must
already exist. Therefore normally the <code>Voice</code> is specified first, and
then the lyrics are specified with <code>\lyricsto</code>. The command
<code>\lyricsto</code> switches to <code>\lyricmode</code> mode automatically, so the
<code>\lyricmode</code> keyword may be omitted.
</p>
<p>The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
\autoBeamOff
\time 2/4
c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
}
% not recommended: left aligns syllables
\new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
% wrong: durations needed
\new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
%correct
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../0d/lily-f91b132c.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../0d/lily-f91b132c.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
were not specified. A solution for that would be to use <code>\lyricsto</code>.
</p>
<p>The <code>\addlyrics</code> command is actually just a convenient way
to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
lyrics.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">{ MUSIC }
\addlyrics { LYRICS }
</pre></blockquote>
<p>is the same as
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\new Voice = "blah" { music }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" { LYRICS }
</pre></blockquote>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Manual-syllable-durations"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Automatic-syllable-durations" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Automatic syllable durations </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Multiple-syllables-to-one-note" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Multiple syllables to one note > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Manual-syllable-durations"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Manual syllable durations</h4>
<p>Lyrics can also be entered without <code>\addlyrics</code> or
<code>\lyricsto</code>. In this case,
syllables are entered like notes – but with pitches replaced by text – and the
duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">play2 the4 game2.
sink2 or4 swim2.
</pre></blockquote>
<p>The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
<code>associatedVoice</code> property,
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="example">\set associatedVoice = #"lala"
</pre></blockquote>
<p>The value of the property (here: <code>"lala"</code>) should be the name of
a <a name="index-Voice-9"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/Voice.ja.html#Voice">Voice</a> context. Without this setting, extender lines
will not be formatted properly.
</p>
<p>Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><< \new Voice = "melody" {
\time 3/4
c2 e4 g2.
}
\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
\set associatedVoice = #"melody"
play2 the4 game2.
} >>
</pre><p>
<a href="../f2/lily-64afcd3e.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../f2/lily-64afcd3e.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-147"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-Lyrics-3"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/Lyrics.ja.html#Lyrics">Lyrics</a>.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Multiple-syllables-to-one-note"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Manual-syllable-durations" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Manual syllable durations </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Multiple-notes-to-one-syllable" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Multiple notes to one syllable > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Multiple-syllables-to-one-note"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Multiple syllables to one note</h4>
<a name="index-_005f-2"></a>
<a name="index-_005f-3"></a>
<a name="index-ties_002c-in-lyrics-1"></a>
<p>In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
surround them with quotes or use a <code>_</code> character, to get spaces
between syllables, or use tilde symbol (<code>~</code>) to get a lyric
tie<sup><a name="DOCF1" href="#FOOT1">1</a></sup>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\time 3/4
\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
</pre><p>
<a href="../af/lily-6e8d8f5d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../af/lily-6e8d8f5d.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-97"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-LyricCombineMusic-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/LyricCombineMusic.ja.html#LyricCombineMusic">LyricCombineMusic</a>.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Multiple-notes-to-one-syllable"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Multiple-syllables-to-one-note" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Multiple syllables to one note </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Skipping-notes" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Skipping notes > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Multiple-notes-to-one-syllable"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Multiple notes to one syllable</h4>
<a name="index-melisma"></a>
<a name="index-melismata"></a>
<a name="index-phrasing_002c-in-lyrics"></a>
<p>Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
</p>
<p>You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering <code>_</code>
for every extra note that has to be added to the melisma.
</p>
<p>Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">{ \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
c d( e) f f( e) e e }
\addlyrics
{ Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
</pre><p>
<a href="../c7/lily-f2873738.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../c7/lily-f2873738.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
set <code>melismaBusyProperties</code>, as is done in the example above.
</p>
<p>However, the <code>\lyricsto</code> command can also
detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert <code>\melisma</code>
after the first note of the group, and <code>\melismaEnd</code> after the
last one, e.g.,
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\new Voice = "lala" {
\time 3/4
f4 g8
\melisma
f e f
\melismaEnd
e2
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
la di __ daah
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../cc/lily-0ee9b0fc.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../cc/lily-0ee9b0fc.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
beamed, and automatic beaming (see <a href="Beams.ja.html#Setting-automatic-beam-behavior">Setting automatic beam behavior</a>) is switched off.
</p>
<a name="index-SATB"></a>
<a name="index-choral-score"></a>
<p>A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
<a name="index-Vocal-ensembles"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-learning/Vocal-ensembles.ja.html#Vocal-ensembles">Vocal ensembles</a>.
</p>
<a name="Predefined-commands-15"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<a name="index-_005cmelisma"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmelisma-1"></a>
<p><code>\melisma</code>,
<a name="index-_005cmelismaEnd"></a>
<a name="index-_005cmelismaEnd-1"></a>
<code>\melismaEnd</code>.
</p>
<a name="See-also-190"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<a name="Known-issues-and-warnings-51"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h4>
<p>Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
inserted by hand.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Skipping-notes"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Multiple-notes-to-one-syllable" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Multiple notes to one syllable </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Extenders-and-hyphens" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Extenders and hyphens > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Skipping-notes"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Skipping notes</h4>
<p>Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
inserting <code>\skip</code>s into the lyrics. For every <code>\skip</code>,
the text will be delayed another note. The <code>\skip</code> command
must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
<code>\skip</code> is used in lyrics.
</p>
<p>For example,
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\relative c' { c c g' }
\addlyrics {
twin -- \skip 4
kle
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../73/lily-99f8dbce.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../73/lily-99f8dbce.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Extenders-and-hyphens"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Skipping-notes" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Skipping notes </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Lyrics-and-repeats" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Lyrics and repeats > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Extenders-and-hyphens"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Extenders and hyphens</h4>
<a name="index-melisma-1"></a>
<a name="index-extender"></a>
<p>In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with
a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in
the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is
entered as ‘<samp> __ </samp>’ (note the spaces before and after the two
underscore characters).
</p>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<p><b>Note:</b> Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
typeset by default.
</p></td></tr></table>
<a name="index-hyphens"></a>
<p>Centered hyphens are entered as ‘<samp> -- </samp>’ between syllables of a same word
(note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
depending on the space between the syllables.
</p>
<p>In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
happens can be controlled with the <code>minimum-distance</code> (minimum
distance between two syllables) and the <code>minimum-length</code>
(threshold below which hyphens are removed).
</p>
<a name="See-also-87"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-LyricExtender"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/LyricExtender.ja.html#LyricExtender">LyricExtender</a>,
<a name="index-LyricHyphen"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/LyricHyphen.ja.html#LyricHyphen">LyricHyphen</a>
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Lyrics-and-repeats"></a>
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<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.ja.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.ja.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Extenders-and-hyphens" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Extenders and hyphens </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Aligning lyrics to a melody </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Specific-uses-of-lyrics.ja.html#Specific-uses-of-lyrics" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Specific uses of lyrics > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Lyrics-and-repeats"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Lyrics and repeats</h4>
<p>TBC
</p>
<div class="footnote">
<hr>
<h3>Footnotes</h3>
<p class="footnote"><small>[<a name="FOOT1" href="#DOCF1">1</a>]</small> The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
U+203F, so be
sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
glyph.
</p></div>
<hr size="6">
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title="Documentation Index"><< Back to Documentation Index</a></p>
<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.ja.html#index" title="Start of the manual">Notation Reference</a></h4>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Musical-notation-1" href="Musical-notation.ja.html#Musical-notation">1. Musical notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Pitches-1" href="Pitches.ja.html#Pitches">1.1 Pitches</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythms-1" href="Rhythms.ja.html#Rhythms">1.2 Rhythms</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Expressive-marks-1" href="Expressive-marks.ja.html#Expressive-marks">1.3 Expressive marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Repeats-1" href="Repeats.ja.html#Repeats">1.4 Repeats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Simultaneous-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.ja.html#Simultaneous-notes">1.5 Simultaneous notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Staff-notation-1" href="Staff-notation.ja.html#Staff-notation">1.6 Staff notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Editorial-annotations-1" href="Editorial-annotations.ja.html#Editorial-annotations">1.7 Editorial annotations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-1" href="Text.ja.html#Text">1.8 Text</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Specialist-notation-1" href="Specialist-notation.ja.html#Specialist-notation">2. Specialist notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Vocal-music-1" href="Vocal-music.ja.html#Vocal-music">2.1 Vocal music</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Common-notation-for-vocal-music-1" href="Common-notation-for-vocal-music.ja.html#Common-notation-for-vocal-music">2.1.1 Common notation for vocal music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Entering-lyrics-1" href="Entering-lyrics.ja.html#Entering-lyrics">2.1.2 Entering lyrics</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody">2.1.3 Aligning lyrics to a melody</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Automatic-syllable-durations-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Automatic-syllable-durations">Automatic syllable durations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Manual-syllable-durations-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Manual-syllable-durations">Manual syllable durations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Multiple-syllables-to-one-note-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Multiple-syllables-to-one-note">Multiple syllables to one note</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Multiple-notes-to-one-syllable-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Multiple-notes-to-one-syllable">Multiple notes to one syllable</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Skipping-notes-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Skipping-notes">Skipping notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Extenders-and-hyphens-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Extenders-and-hyphens">Extenders and hyphens</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Lyrics-and-repeats-1" href="Aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody.ja.html#Lyrics-and-repeats">Lyrics and repeats</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Specific-uses-of-lyrics-1" href="Specific-uses-of-lyrics.ja.html#Specific-uses-of-lyrics">2.1.4 Specific uses of lyrics</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Stanzas-1" href="Stanzas.ja.html#Stanzas">2.1.5 Stanzas</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments-1" href="Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments.ja.html#Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments">2.2 Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Unfretted-string-instruments-1" href="Unfretted-string-instruments.ja.html#Unfretted-string-instruments">2.3 Unfretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fretted-string-instruments-1" href="Fretted-string-instruments.ja.html#Fretted-string-instruments">2.4 Fretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-1" href="Percussion.ja.html#Percussion">2.5 Percussion</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Wind-instruments-1" href="Wind-instruments.ja.html#Wind-instruments">2.6 Wind instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Chord-notation-1" href="Chord-notation.ja.html#Chord-notation">2.7 Chord notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.ja.html#Ancient-notation">2.8 Ancient notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-World-music-1" href="World-music.ja.html#World-music">2.9 World music</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-General-input-and-output-1" href="General-input-and-output.ja.html#General-input-and-output">3. General input and output</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Input-structure-1" href="Input-structure.ja.html#Input-structure">3.1 Input structure</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Titles-and-headers-1" href="Titles-and-headers.ja.html#Titles-and-headers">3.2 Titles and headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Working-with-input-files-1" href="Working-with-input-files.ja.html#Working-with-input-files">3.3 Working with input files</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-output-1" href="Controlling-output.ja.html#Controlling-output">3.4 Controlling output</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-output-1" href="MIDI-output.ja.html#MIDI-output">3.5 MIDI output</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Spacing-issues-1" href="Spacing-issues.ja.html#Spacing-issues">4. Spacing issues</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Paper-and-pages-1" href="Paper-and-pages.ja.html#Paper-and-pages">4.1 Paper and pages</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Music-layout-1" href="Music-layout.ja.html#Music-layout">4.2 Music layout</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Breaks-1" href="Breaks.ja.html#Breaks">4.3 Breaks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertical-spacing-1" href="Vertical-spacing.ja.html#Vertical-spacing">4.4 Vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontal-spacing-1" href="Horizontal-spacing.ja.html#Horizontal-spacing">4.5 Horizontal spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages-1" href="Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages.ja.html#Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages">4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-defaults-1" href="Changing-defaults.ja.html#Changing-defaults">5. Changing defaults</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Interpretation-contexts-1" href="Interpretation-contexts.ja.html#Interpretation-contexts">5.1 Interpretation contexts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Explaining-the-Internals-Reference-1" href="Explaining-the-Internals-Reference.ja.html#Explaining-the-Internals-Reference">5.2 Explaining the Internals Reference</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-properties-1" href="Modifying-properties.ja.html#Modifying-properties">5.3 Modifying properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Useful-concepts-and-properties-1" href="Useful-concepts-and-properties.ja.html#Useful-concepts-and-properties">5.4 Useful concepts and properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Advanced-tweaks-1" href="Advanced-tweaks.ja.html#Advanced-tweaks">5.5 Advanced tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Interfaces-for-programmers-1" href="Interfaces-for-programmers.ja.html#Interfaces-for-programmers">6. Interfaces for programmers</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Music-functions-1" href="Music-functions.ja.html#Music-functions">6.1 Music functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Programmer-interfaces-1" href="Programmer-interfaces.ja.html#Programmer-interfaces">6.2 Programmer interfaces</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Building-complicated-functions-1" href="Building-complicated-functions.ja.html#Building-complicated-functions">6.3 Building complicated functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Markup-programmer-interface-1" href="Markup-programmer-interface.ja.html#Markup-programmer-interface">6.4 Markup programmer interface</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-for-programmers-1" href="Contexts-for-programmers.ja.html#Contexts-for-programmers">6.5 Contexts for programmers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-procedures-as-properties-1" href="Scheme-procedures-as-properties.ja.html#Scheme-procedures-as-properties">6.6 Scheme procedures as properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak-1" href="Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak.ja.html#Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak">6.7 Using Scheme code instead of <code>\tweak</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Difficult-tweaks-1" href="Difficult-tweaks.ja.html#Difficult-tweaks">6.8 Difficult tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Literature-list-1" href="Literature-list.ja.html#Literature-list">A. Literature list</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Notation-manual-tables-1" href="Notation-manual-tables.ja.html#Notation-manual-tables">B. Notation manual tables</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Chord-name-chart-1" href="Chord-name-chart.ja.html#Chord-name-chart">B.1 Chord name chart</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Common-chord-modifiers-1" href="Common-chord-modifiers.ja.html#Common-chord-modifiers">B.2 Common chord modifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Predefined-fretboard-diagrams-1" href="Predefined-fretboard-diagrams.ja.html#Predefined-fretboard-diagrams">B.3 Predefined fretboard diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-instruments-1" href="MIDI-instruments.ja.html#MIDI-instruments">B.4 MIDI instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-colors-1" href="List-of-colors.ja.html#List-of-colors">B.5 List of colors</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-The-Feta-font-1" href="The-Feta-font.ja.html#The-Feta-font">B.6 The Feta font</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Note-head-styles-1" href="Note-head-styles.ja.html#Note-head-styles">B.7 Note head styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-commands-1" href="Text-markup-commands.ja.html#Text-markup-commands">B.8 Text markup commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-list-commands-1" href="Text-markup-list-commands.ja.html#Text-markup-list-commands">B.9 Text markup list commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-articulations-1" href="List-of-articulations.ja.html#List-of-articulations">B.10 List of articulations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-notes-1" href="Percussion-notes.ja.html#Percussion-notes">B.11 Percussion notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-All-context-properties-1" href="All-context-properties.ja.html#All-context-properties">B.12 All context properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Layout-properties-1" href="Layout-properties.ja.html#Layout-properties">B.13 Layout properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Identifiers-1" href="Identifiers.ja.html#Identifiers">B.14 Identifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-functions-1" href="Scheme-functions.ja.html#Scheme-functions">B.15 Scheme functions</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Cheat-sheet-1" href="Cheat-sheet.ja.html#Cheat-sheet">C. Cheat sheet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-grammar-1" href="LilyPond-grammar.ja.html#LilyPond-grammar">D. LilyPond grammar</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.ja.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-command-index-1" href="LilyPond-command-index.ja.html#LilyPond-command-index">F. LilyPond command index</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-index-1" href="LilyPond-index.ja.html#LilyPond-index">G. LilyPond index</a> </li>
</ul>
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