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<title>GNU LilyPond Notation Reference: 2.7.3 Figured bass</title>
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<a name="Figured-bass"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.fr.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.fr.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.fr.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.fr.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.fr.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.fr.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="Displaying-chords.fr.html#Customizing-chord-names" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Customizing chord names </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="Chord-notation.fr.html#Chord-notation" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Chord notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Introduction-to-figured-bass" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Introduction to figured bass > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Figured-bass"></a>
<h3 class="subsection">2.7.3 Figured bass</h3>
<blockquote><p>
<a href="../29/lily-36fd4c56.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../29/lily-36fd4c56.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Figured bass notation can be displayed.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Introduction-to-figured-bass" accesskey="1">Introduction to figured bass</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Entering-figured-bass" accesskey="2">Entering figured bass</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="#Displaying-figured-bass" accesskey="3">Displaying figured bass</a></td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Introduction-to-figured-bass"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.fr.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.fr.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.fr.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.fr.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.fr.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.fr.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Figured-bass" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Figured bass </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Figured-bass" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Figured bass </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Entering-figured-bass" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Entering figured bass > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Introduction-to-figured-bass"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Introduction to figured bass</h4>
<a name="index-Basso-continuo"></a>
<a name="index-Thorough-bass"></a>
<a name="index-Figured-bass"></a>
<a name="index-Bass_002c-thorough"></a>
<a name="index-Bass_002c-figured"></a>
<p>LilyPond has support for figured bass, also called thorough bass
or basso continuo:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\new Voice { \clef bass dis4 c d ais g fis}
\new FiguredBass {
\figuremode {
< 6 >4 < 7\+ >8 < 6+ [_!] >
< 6 >4 <6 5 [3+] >
< _ >4 < 6 5/>4
}
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../0f/lily-c5fb5b7d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../0f/lily-c5fb5b7d.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The support for figured bass consists of two parts: there is an
input mode, introduced by <code>\figuremode</code>, that accepts
entry of bass figures, and there is a context named
<code>FiguredBass</code> that takes care of displaying
<code>BassFigure</code> objects. Figured bass can also be displayed
in <code>Staff</code> contexts.
</p>
<p><code>\figures{ ... }</code> is a shortcut notation for
<code>\new FiguredBass { \figuremode { ... } }</code>.
</p>
<p>Although the support for figured bass may superficially resemble chord
support, it is much simpler. <code>\figuremode</code> mode simply
stores the figures and the <code>FiguredBass</code> context prints them
as entered. There is no conversion to pitches.
</p>
<a name="See-also-132"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Music Glossary:
<a name="index-figured-bass"></a>
<a href="../music-glossary/figured-bass.fr.html#figured-bass">figured bass</a>.
</p>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Chords.html#Chords">Chords</a>
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Entering-figured-bass"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.fr.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.fr.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.fr.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.fr.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.fr.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.fr.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Introduction-to-figured-bass" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Introduction to figured bass </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Figured-bass" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Figured bass </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="#Displaying-figured-bass" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Displaying figured bass > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Entering-figured-bass"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Entering figured bass</h4>
<p><code>\figuremode</code> is used to switch the input mode to figure mode.
More information on different input modes can be
found at <a href="Input-modes.fr.html#Input-modes">Input modes</a>.
</p>
<p>In figure mode, a group of bass figures is delimited by
<code><</code> and <code>></code>. The duration is entered after the <code>></code>.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\new FiguredBass {
\figuremode {
<6 4>2
}
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../51/lily-69af8967.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../51/lily-69af8967.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Accidentals (including naturals) can be added to figures:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\figures {
<7! 6+ 4-> <5++> <3-->
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../a0/lily-1cdd1164.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../a0/lily-1cdd1164.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Augmented and diminished steps can be indicated:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\figures {
<6\+ 5/> <7/>
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../51/lily-151c9092.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../51/lily-151c9092.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>A backward slash through a figure (typically used for raised
sixth steps) can be created:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\figures {
<6> <6\\>
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../2e/lily-63636594.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../2e/lily-63636594.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Vertical spaces and brackets can be be included in figures:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\figures {
<[12 _!] 8 [6 4]>
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../5a/lily-6ef0c27d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../5a/lily-6ef0c27d.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Any text markup can be inserted as a figure:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\figures {
<\markup { \tiny \number 6 \super (1) } 5>
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../84/lily-a6843ede.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../84/lily-a6843ede.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Continuation lines can be used to indicate repeated figures:
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
{
\clef bass
e4 d c b,
e4 d c b,
}
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
<6 4>4 <6 3> <7 3> <7 3>
\bassFigureExtendersOff
<6 4>4 <6 3> <7 3> <7 3>
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../dd/lily-70f3254b.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../dd/lily-70f3254b.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In this case, the extender lines replace existing figures,
unless the continuation lines have been explicitly terminated.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
<6 4>4 <6 4> <6\! 4\!> <6 4>
}
{
\clef bass
d4 d c c
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../cb/lily-426acabc.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../cb/lily-426acabc.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The table below summarizes the figure modifiers available.
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="10%"><p><b>Modifier</b>
</p></td><td width="50%"><p><b>Purpose</b>
</p></td><td width="40%"><p><b>Example</b>
</p></td></tr>
<tr><td width="10%"><p>+, -, !
</p></td><td width="50%"><p>Accidentals
</p></td><td width="40%"><p>
<a href="../ee/lily-b885e2e9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../ee/lily-b885e2e9.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p></td></tr>
<tr><td width="10%"><p>\+, /
</p></td><td width="50%"><p>Augmented and diminished steps
</p></td><td width="40%"><p>
<a href="../30/lily-6db5aa92.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../30/lily-6db5aa92.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p></td></tr>
<tr><td width="10%"><p>\\
</p></td><td width="50%"><p>Raised sixth step
</p></td><td width="40%"><p>
<a href="../d1/lily-91ca2494.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../d1/lily-91ca2494.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p></td></tr>
<tr><td width="10%"><p>\!
</p></td><td width="50%"><p>End of continuation line
</p></td><td width="40%"><p>
<a href="../da/lily-148313f9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../da/lily-148313f9.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p></td></tr>
</table>
<a name="Predefined-commands-8"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<a name="index-figured-bass-extender-lines"></a>
<p><code>\bassFigureExtendersOn</code>,
<code>\bassFigureExtendersOff</code>.
</p>
<a name="Selected-Snippets-34"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h4>
<p><em> Changing the positions of figured bass alterations</em>
</p>
<p>Accidentals and plus signs can appear before or after the numbers,
depending on the <code>figuredBassAlterationDirection</code> and
<code>figuredBassPlusDirection</code> properties.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim">\figures {
<6\+> <5+> <6 4-> r
\set figuredBassAlterationDirection = #RIGHT
<6\+> <5+> <6 4-> r
\set figuredBassPlusDirection = #RIGHT
<6\+> <5+> <6 4-> r
\set figuredBassAlterationDirection = #LEFT
<6\+> <5+> <6 4-> r
}
</pre><p>
<a href="../87/lily-093aa572.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../87/lily-093aa572.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="See-also-120"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Chords.html#Chords">Chords</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-BassFigure"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigure.fr.html#BassFigure">BassFigure</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureAlignment"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureAlignment.fr.html#BassFigureAlignment">BassFigureAlignment</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureLine"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureLine.fr.html#BassFigureLine">BassFigureLine</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureBracket"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureBracket.fr.html#BassFigureBracket">BassFigureBracket</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureContinuation"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureContinuation.fr.html#BassFigureContinuation">BassFigureContinuation</a>,
<a name="index-FiguredBass-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/FiguredBass.fr.html#FiguredBass">FiguredBass</a>.
</p>
<hr size="6">
<a name="Displaying-figured-bass"></a>
<table class="nav_table">
<tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="1">[<a href="Specialist-notation.fr.html#Specialist-notation" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << Specialist notation </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="3">[<a href="index.fr.html#index" title="Cover (top) of document" rel="start">Top</a>][<a href="index_toc.fr.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LilyPond-command-index.fr.html#LilyPond-command-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>][<a href="index_abt.fr.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)" rel="help"> ? </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="1">[<a href="General-input-and-output.fr.html#General-input-and-output" title="Next chapter"> General input and output >> </a>]</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">[<a href="#Entering-figured-bass" title="Previous section in reading order" accesskey="p" rel="previous"> < Entering figured bass </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="center" colspan="1">[<a href="#Figured-bass" title="Up section" accesskey="u" rel="up"> Up : Figured bass </a>]</td><td valign="middle" align="right" colspan="2">[<a href="Ancient-notation.fr.html#Ancient-notation" title="Next section in reading order" accesskey="n" rel="next"> Ancient notation > </a>]</td></tr></table>
<a name="Displaying-figured-bass"></a>
<h4 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Displaying figured bass</h4>
<p>Figured bass can be displayed using the <code>FiguredBass</code> context,
or in most staff contexts.
</p>
<p>When displayed in a <code>FiguredBass</code> context, the vertical location
of the figures is independent of the notes on the staff.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\relative c'' {
c4 c'8 r8 c,4 c'
}
\new FiguredBass {
\figuremode {
<4>4 <10 6>8 s8
<6 4>4 <6 4>
}
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../8a/lily-54201618.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../8a/lily-54201618.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In the example above, the <code>FiguredBass</code> context must be
explicitly instantiated to avoid creating a second (empty) staff.
</p>
<p>Figured bass can also be added to <code>Staff</code> contexts
directly. In this case, the vertical position of the
figures is adjusted automatically.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\new Staff = myStaff
\figuremode {
<4>4 <10 6>8 s8
<6 4>4 <6 4>
}
%% Put notes on same Staff as figures
\context Staff = myStaff
{
\clef bass
c4 c'8 r8 c4 c'
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../a0/lily-53bb475f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../a0/lily-53bb475f.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When added in a <code>Staff</code> context, figured bass can be displayed above
or below the staff.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
\new Staff = myStaff
\figuremode {
<4>4 <10 6>8 s8
\bassFigureStaffAlignmentDown
<6 4>4 <6 4>
}
%% Put notes on same Staff as figures
\context Staff = myStaff
{
\clef bass
c4 c'8 r8 c4 c'
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../1e/lily-9f3ee14b.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../1e/lily-9f3ee14b.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<a name="Predefined-commands-13"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h4>
<a name="index-figured-bass-alignment"></a>
<p><code>\bassFigureStaffAlignmentDown</code>,
<code>\bassFigureStaffAlignmentUp</code>,
<code>\bassFigureStaffAlignmentNeutral</code>.
</p>
<a name="See-also-135"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">See also</h4>
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Chords.html#Chords">Chords</a>.
</p>
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-BassFigure-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigure.fr.html#BassFigure">BassFigure</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureAlignment-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureAlignment.fr.html#BassFigureAlignment">BassFigureAlignment</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureLine-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureLine.fr.html#BassFigureLine">BassFigureLine</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureBracket-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureBracket.fr.html#BassFigureBracket">BassFigureBracket</a>,
<a name="index-BassFigureContinuation-1"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/BassFigureContinuation.fr.html#BassFigureContinuation">BassFigureContinuation</a>,
<a name="index-FiguredBass-2"></a>
<a href="../lilypond-internals/FiguredBass.fr.html#FiguredBass">FiguredBass</a>.
</p>
<a name="Known-issues-and-warnings-57"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h4>
<p>To ensure that continuation lines work properly, it is
safest to use the same rhythm in the figure line as in
the bass line.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
{
\clef bass
\repeat unfold 4 { f16. g32 } f8. es16 d8 es
}
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
% The extenders are correct here, with the same rhythm as the bass
\repeat unfold 4 { <6 4->16. <6 4->32 }
<5>8. r16 <6>8 <6\! 5->
}
>>
<<
{
\clef bass
\repeat unfold 4 { f16. g32 } f8. es16 d8 es
}
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
% The extenders are incorrect here, even though the timing is the same
<6 4->4 <6 4->4
<5>8. r16 <6>8 <6\! 5->
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../7e/lily-5f91b220.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../7e/lily-5f91b220.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When using extender lines, adjacent figures with the same number in
a different figure location can cause the figure positions to invert.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
{ fis4 g g, e' }
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
<6 5>4 <5\! 4> < 5 _!> <6>
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../78/lily-3972519f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../78/lily-3972519f.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>To avoid this problem, simply turn on extenders after the figure that
begins the extender line and turn them off at the end of the extender line.
</p>
<blockquote><pre class="verbatim"><<
{ fis4 g g, e' }
\figures {
<6 5>4 <5 4>
\bassFigureExtendersOn
< 5 _!>4 <6>
\bassFigureExtendersOff
}
>>
</pre><p>
<a href="../ee/lily-48ff3174.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0"
src="../ee/lily-48ff3174.png"
alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<hr size="6">
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<h4 class="toc_header"> <a href="index.fr.html#index" title="Start of the manual">Notation Reference</a></h4>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Musical-notation-1" href="Musical-notation.fr.html#Musical-notation">1. Musical notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Pitches-1" href="Pitches.fr.html#Pitches">1.1 Pitches</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Rhythms-1" href="Rhythms.fr.html#Rhythms">1.2 Rhythms</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Expressive-marks-1" href="Expressive-marks.fr.html#Expressive-marks">1.3 Expressive marks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Repeats-1" href="Repeats.fr.html#Repeats">1.4 Repeats</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Simultaneous-notes-1" href="Simultaneous-notes.fr.html#Simultaneous-notes">1.5 Simultaneous notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Staff-notation-1" href="Staff-notation.fr.html#Staff-notation">1.6 Staff notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Editorial-annotations-1" href="Editorial-annotations.fr.html#Editorial-annotations">1.7 Editorial annotations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-1" href="Text.fr.html#Text">1.8 Text</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Specialist-notation-1" href="Specialist-notation.fr.html#Specialist-notation">2. Specialist notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Vocal-music-1" href="Vocal-music.fr.html#Vocal-music">2.1 Vocal music</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments-1" href="Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments.fr.html#Keyboard-and-other-multi_002dstaff-instruments">2.2 Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Unfretted-string-instruments-1" href="Unfretted-string-instruments.fr.html#Unfretted-string-instruments">2.3 Unfretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fretted-string-instruments-1" href="Fretted-string-instruments.fr.html#Fretted-string-instruments">2.4 Fretted string instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-1" href="Percussion.fr.html#Percussion">2.5 Percussion</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Wind-instruments-1" href="Wind-instruments.fr.html#Wind-instruments">2.6 Wind instruments</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Chord-notation-1" href="Chord-notation.fr.html#Chord-notation">2.7 Chord notation</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Chord-mode-1" href="Chord-mode.fr.html#Chord-mode">2.7.1 Chord mode</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Displaying-chords-1" href="Displaying-chords.fr.html#Displaying-chords">2.7.2 Displaying chords</a> </li>
<li class="toc_current"><a name="toc-Figured-bass-1" href="Figured-bass.fr.html#Figured-bass">2.7.3 Figured bass</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Introduction-to-figured-bass-1" href="Figured-bass.fr.html#Introduction-to-figured-bass">Introduction to figured bass</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Entering-figured-bass-1" href="Figured-bass.fr.html#Entering-figured-bass">Entering figured bass</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Displaying-figured-bass-1" href="Figured-bass.fr.html#Displaying-figured-bass">Displaying figured bass</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Ancient-notation-1" href="Ancient-notation.fr.html#Ancient-notation">2.8 Ancient notation</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-World-music-1" href="World-music.fr.html#World-music">2.9 World music</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-General-input-and-output-1" href="General-input-and-output.fr.html#General-input-and-output">3. General input and output</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Input-structure-1" href="Input-structure.fr.html#Input-structure">3.1 Input structure</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Titles-and-headers-1" href="Titles-and-headers.fr.html#Titles-and-headers">3.2 Titles and headers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Working-with-input-files-1" href="Working-with-input-files.fr.html#Working-with-input-files">3.3 Working with input files</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Controlling-output-1" href="Controlling-output.fr.html#Controlling-output">3.4 Controlling output</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-output-1" href="MIDI-output.fr.html#MIDI-output">3.5 MIDI output</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Spacing-issues-1" href="Spacing-issues.fr.html#Spacing-issues">4. Spacing issues</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Paper-and-pages-1" href="Paper-and-pages.fr.html#Paper-and-pages">4.1 Paper and pages</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Music-layout-1" href="Music-layout.fr.html#Music-layout">4.2 Music layout</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Breaks-1" href="Breaks.fr.html#Breaks">4.3 Breaks</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Vertical-spacing-1" href="Vertical-spacing.fr.html#Vertical-spacing">4.4 Vertical spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Horizontal-spacing-1" href="Horizontal-spacing.fr.html#Horizontal-spacing">4.5 Horizontal spacing</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages-1" href="Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages.fr.html#Fitting-music-onto-fewer-pages">4.6 Fitting music onto fewer pages</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Changing-defaults-1" href="Changing-defaults.fr.html#Changing-defaults">5. Changing defaults</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Interpretation-contexts-1" href="Interpretation-contexts.fr.html#Interpretation-contexts">5.1 Interpretation contexts</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Explaining-the-Internals-Reference-1" href="Explaining-the-Internals-Reference.fr.html#Explaining-the-Internals-Reference">5.2 Explaining the Internals Reference</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Modifying-properties-1" href="Modifying-properties.fr.html#Modifying-properties">5.3 Modifying properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Useful-concepts-and-properties-1" href="Useful-concepts-and-properties.fr.html#Useful-concepts-and-properties">5.4 Useful concepts and properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Advanced-tweaks-1" href="Advanced-tweaks.fr.html#Advanced-tweaks">5.5 Advanced tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Interfaces-for-programmers-1" href="Interfaces-for-programmers.fr.html#Interfaces-for-programmers">6. Interfaces for programmers</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Music-functions-1" href="Music-functions.fr.html#Music-functions">6.1 Music functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Programmer-interfaces-1" href="Programmer-interfaces.fr.html#Programmer-interfaces">6.2 Programmer interfaces</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Building-complicated-functions-1" href="Building-complicated-functions.fr.html#Building-complicated-functions">6.3 Building complicated functions</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Markup-programmer-interface-1" href="Markup-programmer-interface.fr.html#Markup-programmer-interface">6.4 Markup programmer interface</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Contexts-for-programmers-1" href="Contexts-for-programmers.fr.html#Contexts-for-programmers">6.5 Contexts for programmers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-procedures-as-properties-1" href="Scheme-procedures-as-properties.fr.html#Scheme-procedures-as-properties">6.6 Scheme procedures as properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak-1" href="Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak.fr.html#Using-Scheme-code-instead-of-_005ctweak">6.7 Using Scheme code instead of <code>\tweak</code></a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Difficult-tweaks-1" href="Difficult-tweaks.fr.html#Difficult-tweaks">6.8 Difficult tweaks</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Literature-list-1" href="Literature-list.fr.html#Literature-list">A. Literature list</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Notation-manual-tables-1" href="Notation-manual-tables.fr.html#Notation-manual-tables">B. Notation manual tables</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="toc-Chord-name-chart-1" href="Chord-name-chart.fr.html#Chord-name-chart">B.1 Chord name chart</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Common-chord-modifiers-1" href="Common-chord-modifiers.fr.html#Common-chord-modifiers">B.2 Common chord modifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Predefined-fretboard-diagrams-1" href="Predefined-fretboard-diagrams.fr.html#Predefined-fretboard-diagrams">B.3 Predefined fretboard diagrams</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-MIDI-instruments-1" href="MIDI-instruments.fr.html#MIDI-instruments">B.4 MIDI instruments</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-colors-1" href="List-of-colors.fr.html#List-of-colors">B.5 List of colors</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-The-Feta-font-1" href="The-Feta-font.fr.html#The-Feta-font">B.6 The Feta font</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Note-head-styles-1" href="Note-head-styles.fr.html#Note-head-styles">B.7 Note head styles</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-commands-1" href="Text-markup-commands.fr.html#Text-markup-commands">B.8 Text markup commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Text-markup-list-commands-1" href="Text-markup-list-commands.fr.html#Text-markup-list-commands">B.9 Text markup list commands</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-List-of-articulations-1" href="List-of-articulations.fr.html#List-of-articulations">B.10 List of articulations</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Percussion-notes-1" href="Percussion-notes.fr.html#Percussion-notes">B.11 Percussion notes</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-All-context-properties-1" href="All-context-properties.fr.html#All-context-properties">B.12 All context properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Layout-properties-1" href="Layout-properties.fr.html#Layout-properties">B.13 Layout properties</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Identifiers-1" href="Identifiers.fr.html#Identifiers">B.14 Identifiers</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-Scheme-functions-1" href="Scheme-functions.fr.html#Scheme-functions">B.15 Scheme functions</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a name="toc-Cheat-sheet-1" href="Cheat-sheet.fr.html#Cheat-sheet">C. Cheat sheet</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-grammar-1" href="LilyPond-grammar.fr.html#LilyPond-grammar">D. LilyPond grammar</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.fr.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-command-index-1" href="LilyPond-command-index.fr.html#LilyPond-command-index">F. LilyPond command index</a> </li>
<li><a name="toc-LilyPond-index-1" href="LilyPond-index.fr.html#LilyPond-index">G. LilyPond index</a> </li>
</ul>
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